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== Honours ==
== Honours ==
* {{flag|Two Sicilies}}: Knight of the Illustrious Royal [[Order of Saint Januarius]], ''1852''<ref name="(Stato)1857">{{cite book|author=Napoli (Stato)|title=Almanacco reale del Regno delle Due Sicilie: per l'anno ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iclHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA401|year=1857|publisher=Stamp. Reale|page=401}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]], ''1854''<ref>Handelsblad (Het) 25-12-1854</ref>
* {{flag|Grand Duchy of Hesse}}: Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian [[Ludwig Order|Order of Ludwig]], ''11 February 1853''<ref name="hessen">{{citation|title=Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein|year=1879|chapter=Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen|page=[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00gergoog/page/21/mode/2up 22]|location=Darmstadt|publisher=Staatsverlag|via=archive.org|language=German}}</ref>
* {{flag|Spain|1785}}: Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished [[Order of Charles III]], ''27 January 1854''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002300923&search=&lang=en|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1868|page=168|lang=es}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] (civil division), ''23 July 1854''<ref>{{cite book|title=Almanach royal officiel de Belgique|chapter=Liste des Membres de Ordre de Leopold |chapter-url=https://archives.bruxelles.be/almanach/watch/AR/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1855_R%20208/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1855_R%20208#page/19|year=1855|publisher=Librairie polytechnique De Decq|page=36}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|Tuscany|habsburg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Joseph]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Y5fOnwLsZxsC |title=Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855 |publisher=Stamperia Granducale |year=1855 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Y5fOnwLsZxsC/page/n312 272]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian [[Order of St Stephen of Hungary|Order of Saint Stephen]], ''1855''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian [[Order of St Stephen of Hungary|Order of Saint Stephen]], ''1855''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Monaco}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint-Charles]], ''24 December 1865''<ref>[https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/f5760b57b0ccf34c5667689aa1265149.pdf Sovereign Ordonnance of 24 December 1865]</ref>
* {{flag|Monaco}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint-Charles]], ''24 December 1865''<ref>[https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/f5760b57b0ccf34c5667689aa1265149.pdf Sovereign Ordonnance of 24 December 1865]</ref>

Revision as of 01:21, 28 November 2022

Edouard Drouyn de Lhuys (1805-1881), by Auguste Lemoine.
Letter of Napoleon III to the Japanese Shogun nominating Léon Roches, in replacement of Duchesne de Bellecourt, countersigned by Drouyn de Lhuys. Diplomatic Record Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan).

Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys (pronounced [edwaːʁ dʁuɛ̃ də‿lɥis]; 19 November 1805 – 1 March 1881) was a French diplomat. Born in Paris, he was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. The scion of a wealthy and noble house, he excelled in rhetoric. He quickly became interested in politics and diplomacy.

Biography

He was ambassador to the Netherlands and Spain, and distinguished himself by his opposition to Guizot. Drouyn de Lhuys served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1848 to 1849 in the first government of Odilon Barrot. In Barrot's second government, he was replaced by Alexis de Tocqueville, and was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. He returned briefly as foreign minister for a few days in January 1851, and then returned permanently in the summer of 1852, becoming the first foreign minister of the Second Empire. He resigned his post in 1855, during the Crimean War, when the peace preliminaries he had agreed to in consultation with the British and Austrians at Vienna were rejected by Napoleon III.

Drouyn de Lhuys returned to power 7 years later, in 1862, when foreign minister Édouard Thouvenel resigned over differences with Napoleon on Italian affairs. Drouyn was thus foreign minister in the lead-up to the Austro-Prussian War. He commented that, "the Emperor has immense desires and limited abilities. He wants to do extraordinary things but is only capable of extravagances."[1] In the aftermath of that war, which was disastrous to French interests in Europe, Drouyn resigned and withdrew into private life.

Honours

References

  1. ^ Roger Price (2001). The French Second Empire: An Anatomy of Political Power. p. 407. ISBN 9781139430975.
  2. ^ Napoli (Stato) (1857). Almanacco reale del Regno delle Due Sicilie: per l'anno ... Stamp. Reale. p. 401.
  3. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen", Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1879, p. 22 – via archive.org
  4. ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1868, p. 168
  5. ^ "Liste des Membres de Ordre de Leopold". Almanach royal officiel de Belgique. Librairie polytechnique De Decq. 1855. p. 36.
  6. ^ Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855. Stamperia Granducale. 1855. p. 272.
  7. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Sovereign Ordonnance of 24 December 1865

Further reading

  • Schnerb, Robert. "Napoleon III and the Second French Empire." Journal of Modern History 8.3 (1936): 338–355. online
  • Schulz, Matthias. "A Balancing Act: Domestic Pressures and International Systemic Constraints in the Foreign Policies of the Great Powers, 1848–1851." German History 21.3 (2003): 319–346.
  • Spencer, Warren Frank. Edouard Drouyn de Lhuys and the Foreign Policy of the Second Empire (PhD dissertation University of Pennsylvania, 1955).

See also

Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1848–1849 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1851 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1852–1855 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1862–1866 		Succeeded by

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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