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Coordinates: 36°40′N 36°46′E / 36.667°N 36.767°E / 36.667; 36.767
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{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox mountain
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Kurd Mountain
| name = Kurd Mountains
| other_name = Kurd-Dagh
| other_name = Kurd-Dagh
| photo = تلال جبل حلب.JPG
| photo = تلال جبل حلب.JPG
| photo_caption = Hills of the Kurd Mountain in [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]]
| photo_caption = Hills of the Kurd Mountains in [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]]
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ref =
| elevation_ref =
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}}
}}


'''Kurd Mountain''' or '''Kurd Dagh''' ({{lang-ku|چیای کورمنج|Çiyayê Kurmênc}}; {{lang-tr|Kürt Dağı}}, officially {{lang|tr|Kurt Dağı}}; {{lang-ar|جبل الأكراد}}) is a highland region in northwestern [[Syria]] and [[southeastern Turkey]]. It is located in the [[Aleppo Governorate]] of Syria and [[Kilis Province]] of Turkey. The ''Kurd mountain'' should not be confused with the neighboring [[Jabal al Akrad]] (''Kurds' mountain''), which is located further southwest towards the mediterranean coastline.
'''Kurd Mountains''' or '''Kurd-Dagh''' ({{lang-ku|چیای کورمنج}} ''Çiyayê Kurmênc''; {{lang-tr|Kürt Dağı, officially Kurt Dağı}}; {{lang-ar|جبل الأكراد}}) is a highland region in northwestern [[Syria]] and [[southeastern Turkey]]. It is located in the [[Aleppo Governorate]] of Syria and [[Kilis Province]] of Turkey. The ''Kurd mountain'' should not be confused with the neighboring [[Jabal al Akrad]] (''Kurds' mountain''), which is located further southwest towards the mediterranean coastline.


==Location and description==
==Location and description==
Kurd Mountain is a part of the [[Limestone Massif]] of northwestern Syria. The mountain is a southern continuation into the [[Aleppo plateau]] of the highlands on the western part of the [[Aintab plateau]]. The valley of [[River Afrin]] surrounds Kurd Mountain from east and south and separates it from the plain of [[A'zaz|Aʻzāz]] and [[Mount Simeon]] to the east, and from [[Mount Harim]] to the south. The valley of [[Aswad River|River Aswad]] separates Mount Kurd from [[Mount Amanus]] to the west.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
Kurd Mountains are part of the [[Limestone Massif]] of northwestern Syria. The mountains are a southern continuation into the [[Aleppo plateau]] of the highlands on the western part of the [[Aintab plateau]]. The valley of [[River Afrin]] surrounds Kurd Mountains from east and south and separates it from the plain of [[A'zaz|Aʻzāz]] and [[Mount Simeon]] to the east, and from [[Mount Harim]] to the south. The valley of [[Aswad River|River Aswad]] separates Mount Kurd from [[Mount Amanus]] to the west.


In Syria, it is among the four "ethnic mountains" of western Syria, along with [[al-Ansariyah mountains]] ("Mountain of the [[Alawite]]s"), [[Turkmen Mountain|Jabal Turkman]] ("Mountain of the [[Syrian Turkmen|Turkmens]]") and [[Jabal al-Duruz]] ("Mountain of the [[Druze]]").
In Syria, it is among the four "ethnic mountains" of western Syria, along with [[al-Ansariyah mountains]] ("Mountain of the [[Alawite]]s"), [[Turkmen Mountain|Jabal Turkman]] ("Mountain of the [[Syrian Turkmen|Turkmens]]") and [[Jabal al-Duruz]] ("Mountain of the [[Druze]]").


The main town is [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]] (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its [[olive]] growing and [[charcoal]] production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are [[Hanafi]]-Muslims, while most Syrian Kurds are [[Shafiite]]-Muslims. [[Yazidis]] also have a presence in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Açikyildiz |first=Birgül |date=23 December 2014 |title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ |location=London, UK |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=63 |isbn=1848852746}}</ref>
The main town is [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]] (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its [[olive]] growing and [[charcoal]] production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are [[Hanafi]]-Muslims, while most Syrian Kurds are [[Shafiite]]-Muslims. [[Yazidis]] also have a presence in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Açikyildiz |first=Birgül |date=23 December 2014 |title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ |location=London, UK |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=63 |isbn=1848852746}}</ref>

The ''[[Sherefname]]'' (1592) asserts that the authority of Kurdish [[bey]]s of the region was extended to localities in [[Antakya]]. In areas in the plains such as Islahiye, Kırıkhan, [[Reyhanlı]], and [[Kilis]], there are vestiges of Kurdish concentration in Kurd-Dagh.


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French]], several Kurdish tribes were living in the area.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=9|language=en}}</ref> From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several Kurds from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=11|language=en}}</ref> In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the [[Turkish army|Turkish Army]] during the [[Dersim Massacre]], settled in [[Maabatli|Mabeta]].<ref name="derStandard">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.derstandard.at/privacywall/2000076385176/Angriff-auf-Afrin-Vertreibung-vom-Berg-der-Kurden|title=derStandard.at|website=DER STANDARD}}</ref>
As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French]], several Kurdish tribes were living in the area.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=9|language=en}}</ref> From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several Kurds from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=11|language=en}}</ref> In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the [[Turkish army|Turkish Army]] during the [[Dersim Massacre]], settled in [[Maabatli|Mabeta]].<ref name="derStandard">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.derstandard.at/privacywall/2000076385176/Angriff-auf-Afrin-Vertreibung-vom-Berg-der-Kurden|title=derStandard.at|website=DER STANDARD}}</ref>

While other regions populated by Kurds in Syria faced an influx of [[Arab]] immigrants and the campaign of [[Arabization]] beginning in 1960s, Kurd-Dagh was spared from Arabization, mainly due to Syria's different policy based upon good relations with pro-[[Damascus]] landowners.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
In 1977 the Kurd Dagh was renamed into the Arabic Jabal al-`Uruba in accordance with decree 15801, which banned non-Arabic place names.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/syria-overview-nov2011.pdf|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Relief Web|page=7}}</ref>
In 1977 the Kurd Dagh was renamed into the Arabic Jabal al-`Uruba in accordance with decree 15801, which banned non-Arabic place names.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/syria-overview-nov2011.pdf|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Relief Web|page=7}}</ref>


The Turkish part was renamed officially as ''Kurt Dağı'' ("Wolf Mountain"), with a [[pun]] on the Turkish words ''Kürt'' (Kurd) and ''kurt'' ([[wolf]]).
The Turkish part was renamed officially as ''Kurt Dağı'' ("Wolf Mountain"), with a [[pun]] on the Turkish words ''Kürt'' (Kurd) and ''kurt'' ([[wolf]]). In the Syrian part during the 1980s the Kurdish names of most of this region's villages were changed to Arabic as part of the process of Arabization.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 21:05, 3 December 2022

Not to be confused with Jabal al-Akrad.
Kurd Mountains
Kurd-Dagh
Hills of the Kurd Mountains in Afrin
Highest point
Coordinates36°40′N 36°46′E / 36.667°N 36.767°E / 36.667; 36.767
Geography
Kurd Mountains is located in Syria
Kurd Mountains
Kurd Mountains
Location in Syria
Location Syria: Aleppo Governorate
 Turkey: Kilis Province

Kurd Mountains or Kurd-Dagh (Template:Lang-ku Çiyayê Kurmênc; Template:Lang-tr; Template:Lang-ar) is a highland region in northwestern Syria and southeastern Turkey. It is located in the Aleppo Governorate of Syria and Kilis Province of Turkey. The Kurd mountain should not be confused with the neighboring Jabal al Akrad (Kurds' mountain), which is located further southwest towards the mediterranean coastline.

Location and description

Kurd Mountains are part of the Limestone Massif of northwestern Syria. The mountains are a southern continuation into the Aleppo plateau of the highlands on the western part of the Aintab plateau. The valley of River Afrin surrounds Kurd Mountains from east and south and separates it from the plain of Aʻzāz and Mount Simeon to the east, and from Mount Harim to the south. The valley of River Aswad separates Mount Kurd from Mount Amanus to the west.

In Syria, it is among the four "ethnic mountains" of western Syria, along with al-Ansariyah mountains ("Mountain of the Alawites"), Jabal Turkman ("Mountain of the Turkmens") and Jabal al-Duruz ("Mountain of the Druze").

The main town is Afrin (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its olive growing and charcoal production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are Hanafi-Muslims, while most Syrian Kurds are Shafiite-Muslims. Yazidis also have a presence in the region.[1]

The Sherefname (1592) asserts that the authority of Kurdish beys of the region was extended to localities in Antakya. In areas in the plains such as Islahiye, Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı, and Kilis, there are vestiges of Kurdish concentration in Kurd-Dagh.

Demographics

As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the French, several Kurdish tribes were living in the area.[2] From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several Kurds from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.[3] In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the Turkish Army during the Dersim Massacre, settled in Mabeta.[4]

While other regions populated by Kurds in Syria faced an influx of Arab immigrants and the campaign of Arabization beginning in 1960s, Kurd-Dagh was spared from Arabization, mainly due to Syria's different policy based upon good relations with pro-Damascus landowners.[citation needed]

Etymology

In 1977 the Kurd Dagh was renamed into the Arabic Jabal al-`Uruba in accordance with decree 15801, which banned non-Arabic place names.[5]

The Turkish part was renamed officially as Kurt Dağı ("Wolf Mountain"), with a pun on the Turkish words Kürt (Kurd) and kurt (wolf). In the Syrian part during the 1980s the Kurdish names of most of this region's villages were changed to Arabic as part of the process of Arabization.

See also

References

  1. ^ Açikyildiz, Birgül (23 December 2014). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 63. ISBN 1848852746.
  2. ^ Tejel, Jordi (2008-08-29). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5.
  3. ^ Tejel, Jordi (2008-08-29). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5.
  4. ^ "derStandard.at". DER STANDARD.
  5. ^ "State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement" (PDF). Relief Web. p. 7. Retrieved 20 July 2020.


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