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[[File:Paul Reuter Vanity Fair 14 December 1872.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Reuter in 1872]]
[[File:Paul Reuter Vanity Fair 14 December 1872.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Reuter in 1872]]
[[File:PaulJuliusReuter-bust-v.jpg|thumb|Bust of Reuter in the [[City of London]]]]
[[File:PaulJuliusReuter-bust-v.jpg|thumb|Bust of Reuter in the [[City of London]]]]
'''Paul Julius Reuter''' (born '''Israel Beer Josaphat'''; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later titled as '''Freiherr von Reuter''' (Baron von Reuter),<ref name=LG>{{London Gazette|issue= 26227|date=27 November 1891|page=6471}}</ref> was a Jewish German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of [[telegraphy]] and news reporting.<ref name="encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paul-julius-reuter Paul Julius Reuter], Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.</ref> He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of [[Reuters]] [[news agency]], which became part of the [[Thomson Reuters]] conglomerate in 2008.<ref>[http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/company-history.html Company History] – Thomson Reuters</ref>
'''Paul Julius Reuter''' (born '''Israel Beer Josaphat'''; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later titled as '''Freiherr von Reuter''' (Baron von Reuter),<ref name=LG>{{London Gazette|issue= 26227|date=27 November 1891|page=6471}}</ref> was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of [[telegraphy]] and news reporting.<ref name="encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paul-julius-reuter Paul Julius Reuter], Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.</ref> He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of [[Reuters]] [[news agency]], which became part of the [[Thomson Reuters]] conglomerate in 2008.<ref>[http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/company-history.html Company History] – Thomson Reuters</ref>


==Life and career==
==Life and career==

Revision as of 23:33, 4 December 2022

For the French lawyer and academic, see Paul Reuter (lawyer). For the American composer, see Paul Reuter (composer).
Paul Reuter
Born
Israel Beer Josaphat

21 July 1816
Kassel, Electorate of Hesse
Died25 February 1899(1899-02-25) (aged 82)
Nice, France
Occupation(s)Entrepreneur and reporter
Known forReuters news agency
Spouse
Ida Maria Magnus
​
(m. 1845)​
Children3, including Herbert
Portrait of Reuter in 1869 at age 53, by Rudolf Lehmann
Caricature of Reuter in 1872
Bust of Reuter in the City of London

Paul Julius Reuter (born Israel Beer Josaphat; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later titled as Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter),[1] was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting.[2] He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of Reuters news agency, which became part of the Thomson Reuters conglomerate in 2008.[3]

Life and career

Reuter was born as Israel Beer Josaphat in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse (now part of the Federal Republic of Germany).[4] His father, Samuel Levi Josaphat, was a rabbi. His mother was Betty Sanders. In Göttingen, Reuter met Carl Friedrich Gauss, who was experimenting with the transmission of electrical signals via wire.[citation needed]

On 16 November 1845, he converted to Christianity in a ceremony at St. George's German Lutheran Chapel in London,[2] and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter. One week later, in the same chapel, he married Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus of Berlin, daughter of a German banker.[5]

A former bank clerk, in 1847 he became a partner in Reuter and Stargardt, a Berlin book-publishing firm. The distribution of radical pamphlets by the firm at the beginning of the 1848 Revolution may have focused official scrutiny on Reuter. Later that year, he left for Paris[6] and worked in Charles-Louis Havas' news agency, Agence Havas, the future Agence France Presse.[7]

As telegraphy evolved, Reuter founded his own news agency in Aachen, transferring messages between Brussels and Aachen using homing pigeons and thus linking Berlin and Paris. Speedier than the post train, pigeons gave Reuter faster access to financial news from the Paris stock exchange. Eventually, pigeons were replaced by a direct telegraph link.[8]

A telegraph line was under construction between Britain and Europe, and so Reuter moved to London, renting an office near the Stock Exchange. In 1863, he privately erected a telegraph link to Crookhaven, the farthest south-west point of Ireland. On nearing Crookhaven, ships from the U.S. threw canisters containing news into the sea. These were retrieved by Reuters and telegraphed directly to London, arriving long before the ships reached Cork.[citation needed]

On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject. On 7 September 1871, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha granted him the noble title of Freiherr (Baron).[1] In November 1891, Queen Victoria granted him (and his subsequent male-line successors) the right to use that German title (listed as Baron von Reuter) in Britain.[1][9]

In 1872, Nasir al-Din Shah, the Shah of Iran, signed an agreement with Reuter, a concession selling him all railroads, canals, most of the mines, all the government's forests, and all future industries of Iran. George Curzon called it "The most complete and extraordinary surrender of the entire industrial resources of a kingdom into foreign hands that has ever been dreamed of".[10] The Reuter concession was immediately denounced by all ranks of businessmen, clergy, and nationalists of Persia, and it was quickly forced into cancellation.[citation needed]

Marriage and children

In 1845, Reuter married Ida Maria Magnus, daughter of Friedrich Martin Magnus, a German banker in Berlin.[5][11] They had three sons: Herbert, who became the 2nd Baron (succeeded by his son Hubert as 3rd Baron), George and Alfred.[12] Clementine Maria, one of his daughters, married Count Otto Stenbock [sv], and after Stenbock's death, Sir Herbert Chermside, a governor of Queensland.[13]

The 2nd Baron's brother George had two sons, Oliver (who became the 4th Baron) and Ronald. The last member of the family, Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter, widow of the 4th Baron and Paul Julius Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died on 25 January 2009, at the age of 96.[9][14]

Death and legacy

Reuter died in 1899 at Villa Reuter in Nice, France. He was buried in West Norwood Cemetery in south London[15]

Reuter was portrayed by Edward G. Robinson in the Warner Bros. biographical film A Dispatch from Reuters (1941).

The Reuters News Agency commemorated the 100th anniversary of its founder's death by launching a university award (the Paul Julius Reuter Innovation Award) in Germany.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "No. 26227". The London Gazette. 27 November 1891. p. 6471.
  2. ^ a b c Paul Julius Reuter, Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.
  3. ^ Company History – Thomson Reuters
  4. ^ "Heroes – Trailblazers of the Jewish People". Beit Hatfutsot.
  5. ^ a b Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter, Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2008, The Gale Group.
  6. ^ "Paul Julius, baron von Reuter", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1998.
  7. ^ Lennon, Troy (20 July 2016). "Brilliant clerk turned old news into the news of the day". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  8. ^ Standage, T. The Victorian Internet (1999)
  9. ^ a b Baroness Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies, Reuters, 25 January 2009.
  10. ^ Persia and the Persian question, Vol. I, London, Frank Cass and Co., 1966, p. 480.
  11. ^ Lüders, Carsten, "Magnus, Friedrich Martin Freiherr von" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 (1987), S. 672.
  12. ^ Jones, Sir Roderick (1951). A life in Reuters. Hodder & Stoughton. The 2nd Baron (born 1852, died 1915) committed suicide 3 days after the death of his wife. He was succeeded by his son, Hubert.
  13. ^ Wilson, Paul D. "Chermside, Sir Herbert Charles (1850–1929)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University – via Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  14. ^ "Baroness de Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies". ABC News (Australia). Reuters. 26 January 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  15. ^ "Paul Julius Baron de Reuter (1816-1899) - Find A..." www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
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