Barlas: Difference between revisions

Barlas
برلاس

Barlas-Borjigin
بارلاس-بورجیگین
Barlas; برلاس; Barlas-Borjigin ; بارلاس-بورجیگین
Parent house	Borjigin
Country	Transoxiana ; Chagatai Khanate
Current region	Central Asia
Place of origin	Mongol Empire
Founded	c. 1227
Founder	Qarachar Barlas
Final ruler	Timur Barlas
Titles	Khan; Sheikh; Mirza; Beg; Shah; Sardar; Emir; Ghazi; Sultan
Style(s)	Nomadic
Traditions	(Tengrism) ; until 13th Century later ; (Islam)
Estate(s)	Kesh; Samarqand
Dissolution	c. 1369/70
Cadet branches	Timurid Dynasty

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Revision as of 00:35, 22 December 2022

The Barlas (Template:Lang-mn;^[1] Chagatay/Template:Lang-fa Barlās; also Berlās) were a Mongol^[1] and later Turkicized^[2]^[3] nomadic confederation in Central Asia.^[4]^[5] Qarachar who was a Borjigid lineage Prince with military roots was one of the regiments of the original Mongol army, founded the Barlas and the spawned two major imperial dynasties in Asia: the Timurid Empire in Central Asia and Persia; and its later branch, the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.

Origins

According to the Secret History of the Mongols, written during the reign of Ögedei Khan [r. 1229–1241], the Barlas shared ancestry with the Borjigin, the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors, and other Mongol clans. The leading clan of the Barlas traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas,^[2] head of one of Chagatai's regiments. Qarachar Barlas was a descendant of the legendary Mongol warlord Bodonchir (Bodon Achir; Bodon'ar Mungqaq), who was also considered a direct ancestor of Genghis Khan.^[6] The internal structure of the Barlas' leading clan consisted of five major lineages– tracing back to the sons of Qarachar– who were important in matters of inheritance but did not constitute separate political or territorial entities.^[7]

The Barlas controlled the region of Kish (modern Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan) and all of its lineages seem to have been associated with this region.^[8] In contrast to most neighboring tribes who remained nomadic, the Barlas were a sedentary tribe.^[9] Due to extensive contacts with the native population of Central Asia, the tribe had adopted the religion of Islam,^[3] and the Chagatai language, a Turkic language of the Qarluq branch, which was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian.^[10] Although the Barlas were not always exogamous, most marriages recorded were outside the tribe.^[11]

Timurids and Mughals

Its most famous representatives were the Timurids, a dynasty founded by the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th century, who ruled over modern-day Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and almost the entire rest of the Caucasus, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia.^[12] One of his descendants, Babur, later founded the Mughal Empire of Central Asia and South Asia.

References

^ ^a ^b Grupper, S. M. ‘A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins.’ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97
^ ^a ^b B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."
^ ^a ^b M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7, p. 320: "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Timur", Online Academic Edition, 2007. Quotation: "Timur was a member of the Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate." ...
^ G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)
^ The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p.157
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7
^ Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151
^ G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay Archived November 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.
^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 157
^ René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-0627-1 (p.409)

[ReferenceA-1] Grupper, S. M. ‘A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins.’ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97

[Manz-2] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."

[UNESCO-3] M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7, p. 320: "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."

[4] Encyclopædia Britannica, "Timur", Online Academic Edition, 2007. Quotation: "Timur was a member of the Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate." ...

[5] G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)

[6] The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.

[7] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p.157

[8] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7

[9] Gérard Chaliand, A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century, University of California Press, California 2014, p. 151

[Iranica-10] G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay Archived November 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.

[11] B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 157

[12] René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-0627-1 (p.409)

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Royal house||surname=Barlas|native_name=برلاس|native_name_lang=fa|other_names=Barlas-Borjigin <br> بارلاس-بورجیگین|traditions=([[Tengrism]]) <br> {{small|until 13th Century later}} <br> ([[Islam]])|estate=[[Shahrisabz|Kesh]]; [[Samarqand]]|country=[[Transoxiana]] <br> [[Chagatai Khanate]]|region=[[Central Asia]]|origin=[[Mongol Empire]]|parent house=[[Borjigin]]|titles=[[Khan (title)|Khan]]<br>[[Sheikh]]<br>[[Mirza (noble)|Mirza]]<br>[[Baig|Beg]]<br>[[Shah]]<br>[[Sardar]]<br>[[Emir]]<br>[[Ghazi warriors|Ghazi]]<br>[[Sultan]]|styles=[[Nomadic empire|Nomadic]]|founder=[[Qarachar Noyan|Qarachar Barlas]]|dissolution={{C.|1369/70}}|final_ruler=[[Timur Barlas]]|cadet_branches=[[Timurid Dynasty]]|founding year={{C.|1227}}}}
-The '''Barlas''' ({{lang-mn|Barulās|script=Latn}};<ref name="ReferenceA">Grupper, S. M. ‘A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins.’ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97</ref> [[Chagatay language|Chagatay]]/{{lang-fa|برلاس}} ''Barlās''; also ''Berlās'') were a [[Mongol]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and later [[Turkicized]]<ref name="Manz">B.F. Manz, ''The rise and rule of Tamerlan'', [[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge 1989, p. 28: ''"... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes&nbsp;— Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."''</ref><ref name="UNESCO">M.S. Asimov & [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]], ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', [[UNESCO]] Regional Office, 1998, {{ISBN|92-3-103467-7}}, p. 320: ''"... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."''</ref> nomadic [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[confederation]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی |url=https://rch.ac.ir/ |url-status=live |access-date= |website=دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی |language=Persian}}</ref> in [[Central Asia]].<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], "[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-7271 Timur]", Online Academic Edition, 2007. Quotation: "''Timur was a member of the Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to [[Uzbekistan]]) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate.''" ...</ref><ref>G.R. Garthwaite, ''"The Persians"'', Malden, {{ISBN|978-1-55786-860-2}}, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=RpiywbMvG5gC&pg=RA1-PA148&dq=Timur+Turkic+speaking&hl=tr&sig=9tWp001dj7GoDBdAjveeJclsQD8 p.148])</ref> [[Qarachar Noyan|Qarachar]] who was a [[Borjigin|Borjigid]] lineage [[Prince]] with military roots was one of the regiments of the original [[Mongol Army|Mongol army]], founded the Barlas and the spawned two major imperial dynasties in Asia: the [[Timurid Empire]] in Central Asia and [[Persia]]; and its later branch, the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]].
+The '''Barlas''' ({{lang-mn|Barulās|script=Latn}};<ref name="ReferenceA">Grupper, S. M. ‘A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins.’ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97</ref> [[Chagatay language|Chagatay]]/{{lang-fa|برلاس}} ''Barlās''; also ''Berlās'') were a [[Mongol]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and later [[Turkicized]]<ref name="Manz">B.F. Manz, ''The rise and rule of Tamerlan'', [[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge 1989, p. 28: ''"... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes&nbsp;— Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."''</ref><ref name="UNESCO">M.S. Asimov & [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]], ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', [[UNESCO]] Regional Office, 1998, {{ISBN|92-3-103467-7}}, p. 320: ''"... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."''</ref> nomadic [[confederation]] in [[Central Asia]].<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], "[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-7271 Timur]", Online Academic Edition, 2007. Quotation: "''Timur was a member of the Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to [[Uzbekistan]]) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate.''" ...</ref><ref>G.R. Garthwaite, ''"The Persians"'', Malden, {{ISBN|978-1-55786-860-2}}, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=RpiywbMvG5gC&pg=RA1-PA148&dq=Timur+Turkic+speaking&hl=tr&sig=9tWp001dj7GoDBdAjveeJclsQD8 p.148])</ref> [[Qarachar Noyan|Qarachar]] who was a [[Borjigin|Borjigid]] lineage [[Prince]] with military roots was one of the regiments of the original [[Mongol Army|Mongol army]], founded the Barlas and the spawned two major imperial dynasties in Asia: the [[Timurid Empire]] in Central Asia and [[Persia]]; and its later branch, the [[Mughal Empire]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]].
 == Origins ==

Revision as of 00:35, 22 December 2022

Origins

Timurids and Mughals

See also

References