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'''Ozone Theatres Ltd''', formerly '''Ozone Amusements''', was a [[movie theater|cinema]] chain based in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]], from 1911 until 1951, when it sold its theatres to [[Hoyts]]. It was founded by Hugh Waterman and was jointly run by him and seven sons, including Clyde Waterman and Sir Ewen McIntyre Waterman.
'''Ozone Theatres Ltd''', formerly '''Ozone Amusements''', was a [[movie theater|cinema]] chain based in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]], from 1911 until 1951, when it sold its theatres to [[Hoyts]]. It was founded by Hugh Waterman and was jointly run by him and seven sons, including Clyde Waterman and Sir Ewen McIntyre Waterman. '''S.A. Theatres''' and Ozone Theatres (Broken Hill) were subsidiary companies, and the chain was referred to as the Ozone circuit.


==History==
==History==
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By 1928, Ozone Theatres Ltd had bought National Picture's theatres in the Adelaide suburbs of [[Prospect, South Australia|Prospect]] and [[Marryatville, South Australia| Marryatville]], and at the seaside town of [[Victor Harbor, South Australia|Victor Harbor]]. They also acquired leases of cinemas at [[North Adelaide]] and [[Norwood, South Australia|Norwood]].<ref name=ewenbio/>
By 1928, Ozone Theatres Ltd had bought National Picture's theatres in the Adelaide suburbs of [[Prospect, South Australia|Prospect]] and [[Marryatville, South Australia| Marryatville]], and at the seaside town of [[Victor Harbor, South Australia|Victor Harbor]]. They also acquired leases of cinemas at [[North Adelaide]] and [[Norwood, South Australia|Norwood]].<ref name=ewenbio/>


Hugh Waterman's eldest son Ewen joined the family business in 1928, succeeding his father as managing director in 1934, and he and his six brothers developed it for the following 20 years. Brother Clyde became joint managing director in 1938. The company became the major promoter of [[British films]] in Australia. In 1948 Ewen resigned his roles with Waterman Brothers Ltd and its associated companies in 1948.<ref name=ewenbio/>
Hugh Waterman's eldest son Ewen joined the family business in 1928.<ref name=ewenbio/> In the mid-1930s, the family created the subsidiary company S.A. Theatres Ltd, for the purpose of taking on the lease of the [[Theatre Royal, Adelaide| Theatre Royal]] in the city, and for creating the Chinese Gardens open-air theatre at the exhibition grounds ([[Adelaide Oval]]) on [[North Terrace, Adelaide|North Terrace]].<ref name=deal1938>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30856839 |title=£200,000 deal in theatre properties |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)]] |location=South Australia |date=31 March 1938 |access-date=25 December 2022 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}} </ref> Ewen succeeded his father as managing director of Ozone Theatres Ltd in 1934, and he and his six brothers developed it for the following 20 years. Brother Clyde became joint managing director in 1938.<ref name=ewenbio/> Ewen was managing director of S.A. Theatres in August 1939.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41084134 |title=Adolph Zukor in Adelaide |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)]] |location=South Australia |date=15 August 1939 |accessdate=25 December 2022 |page=18 |via=National Library of Australia}} </ref> Keith Waterman managed the Ozone at [[Port Pirie]].<ref name=sale1938/> The company became the major promoter of [[British films]] in Australia.<ref name=ewenbio/>


In November 1937, the Ozone Sport and Social Club first annual picnic was held in [[Belair National Park]].<ref >{{cite web | title=Ozone Theatres annual picnic [B 68542]| website=[[State Library of South Australia]]| format= photo + text | date=14 November 1937 | url=https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+68542 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref>
Ozone Glenelg, opened on 25 November 1937,<ref name=glen>{{cite web | title=Glenelg Cinema Centre in Adelaide, AU | website=Cinema Treasures | url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/27020 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> was considered the chain's [[flagship]].<ref name=az/> In the same year, they acquired the Lyric Picture Palace in [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]], renaming it Ozone Theatre.<ref name=mb>{{cite web | title=Rise and fall of the late Ozone Theatre | website=The Murray Valley Standard | date=1 July 2018 | url=https://www.murrayvalleystandard.com.au/story/5499984/rise-and-fall-of-the-late-ozone-theatre/ | access-date=17 December 2022| quote=Extracts from Cinema Record – Cinema and Theatre Historical Society Inc. Issue 55 Edition 2-2007 pages 11-13}}</ref> In November 1937, the Ozone Sport and Social Club first annual picnic was held in [[Belair National Park]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Ozone Theatres annual picnic [B 68542]| website=[[State Library of South Australia]]| format= photo + text | date=14 November 1937 | url=https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+68542 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> In 1938, the company employed over 300 people.<ref name=deal1938/>


The chain expanded interstate. In March 1938 it had suburban theatres at [[Glenelg, South Australia|Glenelg]], Port Adelaide, Semaphore, Alberton, Enfield, Prospect, and Marryatville; country cinemas at Port Pirie, Victor Harbor, [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]], and [[Renmark, South Australia| Renmark]]; and interstate at [[Broken Hill]], [[New South Wales]], and at [[Mildura, Victoria]]. In that month S.A. Theatres struck a deal with the [[Greater Wondergraph Company]] worth £200,000, to purchase assets which included the [[Civic Theatre, Adelaide|Civic]] and [[York Theatre, Adelaide|York Theatres]] in the city,<ref name=deal1938/> as well as the Wondergraph Unley and the [[Wondergraph#Goodwood|Wondergraph Goodwood]] (for some time called the Star, under [[D. Clifford Theatres]]). The purchase of the Wondergraph assets in 1939 made the group one of the principal cinema chains in the country.<ref name=sale1938>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95944437 |title=More Waterman theatres |newspaper=[[The Recorder (Port Pirie)|The Recorder]] |issue=12,160 |location=South Australia |date=31 March 1938 |access-date=25 December 2022 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
⚫
The chain expanded interstate, and by 1949, Ozone Theatres ran 34 cinemas in SA, [[Victoria, Australia| Victoria]] and [[New South Wales]]. Adelaide suburban cinemas included Port Adelaide, Semaphore, [[Thebarton, South Australia|Thebarton]], [[Glenelg, South Australia|Glenelg]], and the Windsor Theatres at [[Windsor Theatre, Brighton|Brighton]], [[Windsor Theatre, Lockleys|Lockleys]], [[Hilton, South Australia|Hilton]], and [[Windsor Theatre, St Morris|St Morris]].<ref name=az/>


⚫
By 1949, Ozone Theatres ran 34 cinemas in SA and interstate Adelaide suburban cinemas included Port Adelaide, Semaphore, [[Thebarton, South Australia|Thebarton]], Glenelg, and the Windsor Theatres at [[Windsor Theatre, Brighton|Brighton]], [[Windsor Theatre, Lockleys|Lockleys]], [[Hilton, South Australia|Hilton]], and [[Windsor Theatre, St Morris|St Morris]].<ref name=az/>
Ozone Glenelg, opened on 25 November 1937,<ref name=glen>{{cite web | title=Glenelg Cinema Centre in Adelaide, AU | website=Cinema Treasures | url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/27020 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> was considered the chain's [[flagship]].<ref name=az/> In the same year, they acquired the Lyric Picture Palace in [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]], renaming it Ozone Theatre.<ref name=mb>{{cite web | title=Rise and fall of the late Ozone Theatre | website=The Murray Valley Standard | date=1 July 2018 | url=https://www.murrayvalleystandard.com.au/story/5499984/rise-and-fall-of-the-late-ozone-theatre/ | access-date=17 December 2022| quote=Extracts from Cinema Record – Cinema and Theatre Historical Society Inc. Issue 55 Edition 2-2007 pages 11-13}}</ref>

In 1948 Ewen resigned his roles with Waterman Brothers Ltd and its associated companies.<ref name=ewenbio/>


In 1951 the Waterman family sold most of their Ozone theatres to [[Hoyts]],<ref name=az/> with the new company known as Hoyts-Ozone Theatres Ltd.<ref name=glen/>
In 1951 the Waterman family sold most of their Ozone theatres to [[Hoyts]],<ref name=az/> with the new company known as Hoyts-Ozone Theatres Ltd.<ref name=glen/>


==Cinemas after sale==
[[Semaphore Cinema]], originally in the town hall, was expanded and extensively refurbished in 1929 in [[Art Deco]] style, eventually closing in May 1960.<ref>{{cite web | title=Semaphore Cinema in Adelaide, AU | website=Cinema Treasures | url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/35458 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Ozone Alberton was closed in 1961.<ref name=alb/>
[[Semaphore Cinema]], originally in the town hall, was expanded and extensively refurbished in 1929 in [[Art Deco]] style, eventually closing in May 1960.<ref>{{cite web | title=Semaphore Cinema in Adelaide, AU | website=Cinema Treasures | url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/35458 | access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Ozone Alberton was closed in 1961.<ref name=alb/>


Revision as of 06:32, 25 December 2022

Ozone Theatres Ltd, formerly Ozone Amusements, was a cinema chain based in Adelaide, South Australia, from 1911 until 1951, when it sold its theatres to Hoyts. It was founded by Hugh Waterman and was jointly run by him and seven sons, including Clyde Waterman and Sir Ewen McIntyre Waterman. S.A. Theatres and Ozone Theatres (Broken Hill) were subsidiary companies, and the chain was referred to as the Ozone circuit.

History

Hugh Waterman, a newsagent, founded Ozone Amusements Ltd in the seaside suburb (formerly a separate town) of Semaphore in 1911, along with four other residents. They screened films in Semaphore Town Hall on two nights a week,[a] and later four nights a week at Port Adelaide Town Hall. Apart their first purpose-built indoor cinema in Port Adelaide in 1913, called the Ozone, until 1923 they showed films in existing available halls.[3]

The main competitor to Ozone was D. Clifford Theatres, which began as Star in 1917[4] and continued to operate as the Clifford Circuit until a few years after Dan Clifford's death in 1942, when Greater Union bought his cinemas.[5]

In 1924 Ozone built its second picture theatre in Fussell Place[6] in Alberton, next to Alberton Railway Station[7] and right next door to Waterman's own residence.[3] In 1927, the cinemas were showing matinee performances as well as in the evenings.[8]

There were a few competitors at that time, but as the era of silent films came to an end around 1929, Ozone and Dan Clifford's Star were the two surviving and dominating owners of cinemas in the suburbs of Adelaide. dominated picture house ownership in the Adelaide suburbs.[3]

By 1928, Ozone Theatres Ltd had bought National Picture's theatres in the Adelaide suburbs of Prospect and Marryatville, and at the seaside town of Victor Harbor. They also acquired leases of cinemas at North Adelaide and Norwood.[9]

Hugh Waterman's eldest son Ewen joined the family business in 1928.[9] In the mid-1930s, the family created the subsidiary company S.A. Theatres Ltd, for the purpose of taking on the lease of the Theatre Royal in the city, and for creating the Chinese Gardens open-air theatre at the exhibition grounds (Adelaide Oval) on North Terrace.[10] Ewen succeeded his father as managing director of Ozone Theatres Ltd in 1934, and he and his six brothers developed it for the following 20 years. Brother Clyde became joint managing director in 1938.[9] Ewen was managing director of S.A. Theatres in August 1939.[11] Keith Waterman managed the Ozone at Port Pirie.[12] The company became the major promoter of British films in Australia.[9]

Ozone Glenelg, opened on 25 November 1937,[13] was considered the chain's flagship.[3] In the same year, they acquired the Lyric Picture Palace in Murray Bridge, renaming it Ozone Theatre.[14] In November 1937, the Ozone Sport and Social Club first annual picnic was held in Belair National Park.[15] In 1938, the company employed over 300 people.[10]

The chain expanded interstate. In March 1938 it had suburban theatres at Glenelg, Port Adelaide, Semaphore, Alberton, Enfield, Prospect, and Marryatville; country cinemas at Port Pirie, Victor Harbor, Murray Bridge, and Renmark; and interstate at Broken Hill, New South Wales, and at Mildura, Victoria. In that month S.A. Theatres struck a deal with the Greater Wondergraph Company worth £200,000, to purchase assets which included the Civic and York Theatres in the city,[10] as well as the Wondergraph Unley and the Wondergraph Goodwood (for some time called the Star, under D. Clifford Theatres). The purchase of the Wondergraph assets in 1939 made the group one of the principal cinema chains in the country.[12]

By 1949, Ozone Theatres ran 34 cinemas in SA and interstate Adelaide suburban cinemas included Port Adelaide, Semaphore, Thebarton, Glenelg, and the Windsor Theatres at Brighton, Lockleys, Hilton, and St Morris.[3]

In 1948 Ewen resigned his roles with Waterman Brothers Ltd and its associated companies.[9]

In 1951 the Waterman family sold most of their Ozone theatres to Hoyts,[3] with the new company known as Hoyts-Ozone Theatres Ltd.[13]

Cinemas after sale

Semaphore Cinema, originally in the town hall, was expanded and extensively refurbished in 1929 in Art Deco style, eventually closing in May 1960.[16] Ozone Alberton was closed in 1961.[7]

The Hoyts Ozone Theatre in Murray Bridge closed in 1969.[14]

Ozone Glenelg became Glenelg Cinema Centre when it was expanded and operated by Wallis Cinemas, finally closing in 2009.[13]

The Ozone Marryatville has been fully restored and is now the Regal Theatre, within the suburb now named Kensington Park.

Ewen Waterman

Sir Ewen McIntyre Waterman was secretary of the South Australian Theatrical Proprietors' Association in 1937; president of the South Australian Motion Picture Exhibitors' Association in 1944; and vice-president of the Federal Cinema Exhibitors' Council of Australia in 1947. After resigning from the companies associated with his brothers, he moved on to internationally-based posts relating to the Australian wool industry, and was knighted for his services to the pastoral industry in 1963.[9]

Footnotes

  1. ^ This was after Wondergraph's outdoor cinema, the Picturedrome, was established in Semaphore in December 1910,[1] but before the newly-built indoor Wondergraph was opened in May 1920.[2]

References

  1. ^ "Wondergraph at Semaphore". The Register (Adelaide). Vol. LXXV, no. 20, 007. South Australia. 26 December 1910. p. 8. Retrieved 20 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ^ "Semaphore Wondergraph: palatial new theatre opened". Daily Herald. Vol. XI, no. 3175. South Australia. 24 May 1920. p. 6. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Hugh Waterman and sons extend the Ozone cinema chain from Adelaide's Semaphore in 1911 to eastern states". AdelaideAZ. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  4. ^ Wolfenden, Peter. "South Australia: Capital City Adelaide". SA Cinemas. Cinema And Theatre Historical Society of Australia Inc. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Dan Clifford, starting as newsboy/bookmaker, builds his classy Star circuit of Adelaide film theatres from 1917". AdelaideAZ. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  6. ^ "Ozone, Alberton". CAARP: Cinema and Audience Research Project. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Ozone Alberton in Adelaide, AU". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  8. ^ "Ozone Theatres: Port and Semaphore". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 9 July 1927. p. 7. Retrieved 17 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ a b c d e f André, Roger (11 December 2012). "Waterman, Sir Ewen McIntyre (1901–1982)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. ANU. Retrieved 17 December 2022. This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 18, (Melbourne University Press), 2012
  10. ^ a b c "£200,000 deal in theatre properties". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 31 March 1938. p. 20. Retrieved 25 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Adolph Zukor in Adelaide". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 15 August 1939. p. 18. Retrieved 25 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ a b "More Waterman theatres". The Recorder. No. 12, 160. South Australia. 31 March 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 25 December 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ a b c "Glenelg Cinema Centre in Adelaide, AU". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Rise and fall of the late Ozone Theatre". The Murray Valley Standard. 1 July 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2022. Extracts from Cinema Record – Cinema and Theatre Historical Society Inc. Issue 55 Edition 2-2007 pages 11-13
  15. ^ "Ozone Theatres annual picnic [B 68542]" (photo + text). State Library of South Australia. 14 November 1937. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Semaphore Cinema in Adelaide, AU". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 17 December 2022.

Further reading


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