George Henschel

For other uses, see Georg Henschel.

Portrait of Henschel by Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1879

Sir Isidor George Henschel (18 February 1850 – 10 September 1934) was a German-born Jewish British baritone, pianist, conductor, and composer. His first wife Lillian was also a singer. He was the first conductor of both the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra.

Biography

Henschel was born at Breslau, in Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland) and educated as a pianist, making his first public appearance in Berlin in 1862. He subsequently took up singing, initially and briefly as a basso profundo but developing a fine baritone voice. In 1868, he sang the part of Hans Sachs in a concert performance of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg at Munich. With one minor and unplanned exception, he never sang on stage, confining himself to concert appearances.

He was a close friend of Johannes Brahms, whom he met in May 1874 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Cologne, where Henschel sang the role of Harapha in Handel's oratorio Samson. The friendship lasted until Brahms's death; Henschel reports in his memoirs that he arrived in Vienna only hours too late to see Brahms before his passing, and that their last meeting had been at a restaurant in Leipzig in 1896, where they were joined by Edvard Grieg and Arthur Nikisch.

A photograph of Henschel with his wife, the singer Lady Lillian June Henschel, née Bailey (1891)

In 1877, Henschel began a successful career in England, singing at the principal concerts and, in 1881, he married the American soprano, Lilian June Bailey (1860–1901), who was associated with him in a number of vocal recitals throughout the United States and nearly all Europe until 1884. Henschel's very highly developed sense of interpretation and style made him an ideal concert singer, while he was no less distinguished as accompanist. In fact he sometimes combined both functions; he can be heard on records made as late as 1928 for the Columbia Graphophone Company, singing Lieder by Schubert and Schumann to his own accompaniment.

George Henschel by Edward Onslow Ford 1895

Henschel was also a prominent conductor, in America and England. He became the first conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1881 (he used the name "Georg Henschel"); on his appointment, he sent his ideas for an innovative seating chart to Brahms, who replied and commented in an approving letter of mid-November 1881. In 1886, he started a series known as the London Symphony Concerts (no connection with the later London Symphony Orchestra), and in 1893 became the first conductor of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra.

His compositions include instrumental works, a fine Stabat Mater (Birmingham Festival, 1894), an opera, Nubia (Dresden, 1899), and a Requiem (Boston, 1903). In 1907 he published a collection of his journals and correspondence in Personal Recollections of Johannes Brahms and in 1918 Musings and Memories of a Musician. A Mass in eight parts a cappella was first sung in 1916.

He was knighted in 1914 and at a farewell concert that year, was presented with a lute engraved with "A token of gratitude for forty years' song". He taught at the Institute of Musical Art (now the Juilliard School) in New York, where he met his second wife, Amy Louis, who was one of his students. He also taught soprano Lucia Dunham., and while in England, Mary Augusta Wakefield.

Personal life/death

George Henschel, John Singer Sargent, 1889

His daughter, Georgina "Georgie" Henschel, was a noted breeder of Highland ponies and Norwegian Fjord ponies, and author of several equestrian books. Henschel died in Aviemore, Scotland, where he maintained his holiday-home Alltnacriche with his wife. He is buried in the churchyard overlooking Loch Alvie, nearby. In 1944 his daughter Helen Henschel, herself a singer, published a biography of her parents entitled When Soft Voices Die: A Musical Biography.

Sources

• Dictionary of National Biography
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Henschel, George". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 302.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Henschel, Sir George". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 368.

External links

• Jewish Encyclopedia: "Henschel, Georg (Isidor)" by Isidore Singer & A. Porter (1906).
• Works by or about George Henschel at the Internet Archive
• Free scores by George Henschel at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• George Henschel and Lilian June Bailey(1860–1901), taken in the 1880s