Endeavour Inlet: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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When [[James Cook]] visited the inlet he nailed an inscribed copper plate to a tree, bearing a date and other information. According to an old whaler named Thoms, geologist [[Ferdinand von Hochstetter]] from the Austrian [[SMS Novara (1850)|Novara]] expedition, 1858, took the plate during a visit to the region in 1859.<ref name="Maori Nomenclature, William Henry Sherwood Roberts" |
When [[James Cook]] visited the inlet he nailed an inscribed copper plate to a tree, bearing a date and other information. According to an old whaler named Thoms, geologist [[Ferdinand von Hochstetter]] from the Austrian [[SMS Novara (1850)|Novara]] expedition, 1858, took the plate during a visit to the region in 1859.<ref name="Maori Nomenclature, William Henry Sherwood Roberts">{{cite book |last= Roberts|first= W.H.|author-link= |date= 20 September 1911|title= Māori Nomenclature|url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/OW19110920.2.294?query=taylor%27s%20mistake|location= Dunedin|publisher= Otago Daily Times|page= |isbn= }}</ref> |
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At the time of [[James Cook]]'s anchorage in 1770 in [[Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui|Tōtaranui / Queen Charlotte Sound]] the inlet and other bays near the entrance of the sound were seasonally populated by groups of [[Māori people|Māori]], most likely [[Ngāti Apa]], [[Ngāti Kuia]], and [[Rangitāne]]. After pākehā colonies took root, much of the bush in ''Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet'' was cleared and farms were established.<ref name="The Prow: Endeavour Inlet and the Antimony Mine">{{cite web |title=The Prow: Endeavour Inlet and the Antimony Mine|url=http://www.theprow.org.nz/yourstory/endeavour-inlet-and-the-antimony-mine/#.YgHlvOpBxhE|website=theprow.org.nz |accessdate=8 February 2022}}</ref> |
At the time of [[James Cook]]'s anchorage in 1770 in [[Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui|Tōtaranui / Queen Charlotte Sound]] the inlet and other bays near the entrance of the sound were seasonally populated by groups of [[Māori people|Māori]], most likely [[Ngāti Apa]], [[Ngāti Kuia]], and [[Rangitāne]]. After pākehā colonies took root, much of the bush in ''Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet'' was cleared and farms were established.<ref name="The Prow: Endeavour Inlet and the Antimony Mine">{{cite web |title=The Prow: Endeavour Inlet and the Antimony Mine|url=http://www.theprow.org.nz/yourstory/endeavour-inlet-and-the-antimony-mine/#.YgHlvOpBxhE|website=theprow.org.nz |accessdate=8 February 2022}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 04:24, 5 January 2023
Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet | |
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| Coordinates: 41°05′18″S 174°10′52″E / 41.08833°S 174.18111°E | |
| Location | Marlborough Sounds |
1.2miles
Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet is a large inlet in Tōtaranui / Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand, north-east of Miritū Bay / Bay of Many Coves and south-west of Atapu / Resolution Bay. The inlet is home to a number of retreats including Furneaux Lodge & Punga Cove.
History
When James Cook visited the inlet he nailed an inscribed copper plate to a tree, bearing a date and other information. According to an old whaler named Thoms, geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter from the Austrian Novara expedition, 1858, took the plate during a visit to the region in 1859.[1]
At the time of James Cook's anchorage in 1770 in Tōtaranui / Queen Charlotte Sound the inlet and other bays near the entrance of the sound were seasonally populated by groups of Māori, most likely Ngāti Apa, Ngāti Kuia, and Rangitāne. After pākehā colonies took root, much of the bush in Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet was cleared and farms were established.[2] In the early 20th century a reserve consisting of 843 acres was located on the hilly land on the west coast of the inner inlet. The majority of named owners were Rangitāne. Those who attempted to farm the land there found it difficult due to local growth causing cattle to grow ill and die, land slides and rough terrain.[3]
In 1873 gold prospectors found ore containing 60% antimony in a landslide near the saddle between Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet and Te Anamāhanga / Port Gore.[2] A local syndicate, including a Mr John Ashworth, formed the Marlborough Antimony Company Ltd. and began mining roughly 2km inland in the inlet in 1874, and a smelter started in 1875. The smelter failed a few years later however, and the mine was closed. Ashworth attempted unsuccessfully to resurrect the project in 1877, before in 1883 a small syndicated headed by Mr Houston Logan established the Endeavour Inlet Antimony Company.[2] Antimony was highly priced at the time, and the syndicate succeeded in funding the project. The syndicate managed to mine the number 1 level at the saddle and 2 lower levels. Once again a smelter was established, but problems smelting and a fall in the price of antimony lead the syndicate to seek monetary help from England. The New Zealand Antimony Company was registered in 1888, and developed levels 4 through 7.[2] The New Zealand Antimony Company was forced to liquidate in 1892, and a smaller New Zealand syndicate, the Star Antimony Company, took over the mine in 1892. This would prove to be the final successful mining establishment in the inlet, closing its doors in 1901. After several attempts to reestablish the mine, former mine manager Jaketh Wearne died in the mine's assay room after swallowing concentrated hydro-chloric acid in 1907.[2] At one stage the mines were one of the largest industries in the Marlborough Region, employing over 100 men, affording a post office, school, and even an antimony mines band.[2] Today the remains of the treatment works and smelter can still be seen, along with a waste rock pile and a few drives.
In 1903 early New Zealand conservationist & owner of The Wellington Biscuit and Confectionery Company[4] on Farish St, Wellington Patrick Grieve Howden bought one thousand acres of forest in the back Eastern arm of the inlet, and built a holiday home there. His son, Captain Harry Howden R.N.,[5] took over the property after his father's death in 1914 & in 1937 converted it to a private scenic reserve, before bequeathing it to the country as a scenic reserve and bird sanctuary in 1961. The Howden homestead is now part of Furneaux Lodge.[6]
Naming
Panaruawhiti can be split into 3 Te Reo Māori syllables, pana[7] meaning "to cause to come forth", rua meaning "pit" or "hole", and whiti meaning "shining". Alexander Wyclif Reed & Peter Dowling suggest the name is a reference to the emerging of the sun.[7] Furneaux Lodge gives the translations of "cross over in pairs", and "twilight".[4]
Endeavour Inlet is named for James Cook's ship the HMS Endeavour. Cook originally labelled the inlet West Bay[8] due to its directional entrance, but the name was changed to Endeavour Inlet by Captain John Lort Stokes of the HMS Acheron (1838).[9]
Big Bay
Big Bay[10] is a bay located near the back of the Western arm of Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet. In the early 20th century 949 acres of land were allocated to 28 people, largely Rangitāne. One of the owners sold her interests in 1912, while the rest of the land was leased for farming. Farming efforts proved difficult, and in 1953 the Lands and Survey Department reported the cleared areas had been retaken by growth. The crown purchased a section in 1957 consisting of 161 acres, and a second in 1973. Both of these sections were added to the adjacent scenic reserve, while the remaining land remained in Māori ownership.[3] The name of the bay is a reference to its size, and it is one of the largest bays in Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet
Camp Bay
Camp Bay[11] is located in the Western arm of Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet, just south of Big Bay. The bay is home to a campsite, likely the origin of its name.[12]
Deep Bay and Bakers Bay
Deep Bay[13] and Bakers Bay are near the southern end of Endeavour Inlet.
Deep Bay is most likely a reference to the water depth in the bay. A sunken reef sits off the point between Deep Bay and Pukekoikoi, however Deep Bay itself remains quite deep until close to shore.[14]
There is little to no information about Bakers Bay online. The bay is privately owned, and its name is unofficial.[15] Baker may be a family name attached to the ownership of the property.
Eatwell's Lookout
Eatwell's Lookout is located on Pukekoikoi hill. Local land owners Rod & Kath Eatwell played a crucial role in the creation of the Queen Charlotte Track in the 1980s, opting in to the project & doing much of the heavy lifting alongside their children & grandchildren. Other land owners were inspired by the Eatwells' efforts and joined in. Despite a lack of funding in 1985, Eatwell & co. continued to clear the tracks of gorse. In 1991 Rod Eatwell attended the official opening of the Queen Charlotte Track and cut the cake. The Lookout is named for the Eatwells, and features a number of signs made by Rod himself.[16]
Edgecombe Point
Edgecombe Point[17] marks the entrance to Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet, along with Scott Point. The point was named in honour of John Edgecombe, the Sergeant of Marines[18] [19] [20] on his vessel the HMS Endeavour. Naming locations in Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet after Cook's crew is common.[4]
A reserve consisting of two separate blocks (Mint Bay to Bakers Bay & Deep Bay) took its name from the point. 520 acres of land were allocated to 14 people, largely of Ngāti Kuia.
Marine Head
Marine Head[21] is located South of Tawa Bay and was likely named for the marines on board Cook's ships.[19]
Puhikererū / Mount Furneaux
Puhikererū / Mount Furneaux is an 823m (2700.13ft) peak located between Meretoto / Ship Cove & Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet.
Puhikererū can be split into 2 Te Reo Māori words, puhi[22] meaning "plume", and kererū,[23] the New Zealand wood pigeon Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae. Together puhikererū means "the plume of the kererū" or "decorated with feathers". According to legend, Kupe brought 2 birds with him to Aotearoa. A kererū named Rupe & a cormorant or shag named Kawauatoru. Kupe sent Rupe to learn what fruits filled the forests. Rupe flew south and landed upon Puhikererū, joining other local kererū feasting there. Rupe would never return to Kupe, and the maunga was dubbed "Puhikererū". The maunga is tapu to the local kaitiaki/guardians, Te Ātiawa, Rangitāne, Ngāti Kuia, and Ngāti Apa, symbolizing mauri/life force within the natural world, the binding force between the spiritual and physical realms. The maunga was also used to aid in navigation.[24][4]
Mount Furneaux was named for Captain Tobias Furneaux, an English navigator who accompanied Cook on his 2nd voyage to the Pacific aboard the HMS Adventure (1771). Furneaux Lodge, located at the base of the mountain, is named for it.
Pukekoikoi
Pukekoikoi is a hill and the adopted name of a bay between Deep Bay and Bakers Bay. A sunken reef sits off the point between Deep Bay and Pukekoikoi.[25]
Pukekoikoi can be split into 2 Te Reo Māori words, puke[26] meaning "hill", and koikoi[27] meaning "somewhat sharp". Together pukekoikoi means "the sharpish hill".
Punga Cove
Punga Cove[28] sits alongside Camp Bay to its South-East. Punga is a Te Reo Māori word meaning "anchor".[29] The cove is home to a retreat owned by Marlborough Tour Company.[30]
Scott Point
Scott Point[31] sits on the eastern tip of Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet Bay. The point was dubbed Scott Point by Captain Tobias Furneaux, after James Scott. Scott was the Lieutenant of Marines aboard the HMS Adventure (1771) during James Cook's second voyage.[7]
Tawa Bay
Tawa Bay[32] is located on the eastern coast of Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet. Tawa[33] is the Te Reo Māori name for the Beilschmiedia tawa, which are common through the Marlborough Sounds.[34]
References
- ^ Roberts, W.H. (20 September 1911). Māori Nomenclature. Dunedin: Otago Daily Times.
- ^ a b c d e f "The Prow: Endeavour Inlet and the Antimony Mine". theprow.org.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ a b "Te Tau Ihu o Te Waka a Māui" (PDF). forms.justice.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Furneuax Lodge: Origin of Place Names". furneauxlodge.co.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "NAVY: Captain Harry Leslie Howden". navy.gov.au. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "DOC: Legacy: Howdens' Gift to New Zealand". doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Reed, A. W.; Dowling, Peter (2010). Place Names of New Zealand. Raupo Publishing (NZ) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-1432-0410-7.
- ^ "West Bay". earth.google.com. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Panaruawhiti / Endeavour Inlet". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Big Bay". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Camp Bay". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Cruise Guide: Camp Bay". cruiseguide.co.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Deep Bay". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Wetmaps: Deep Bay". wetmaps.co.nz. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "Bakers Bay". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "DOC: Grandfather Eatwell". doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Edgecombe Point". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Reed, A. W. (1975). The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand Place Names. Max Cryer. Auckland: Reed (published 2002). p. 131. ISBN 0790007614.
- ^ a b "LINZ Endeavour Inlet". linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ "Captain Cook's Journal, 1st Voyage". wikisource.org. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Marine Head". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Puhi". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Kererū". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "DOC: Kererū of Kupe". doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Cruise Guide: Pukekoikoi". cruiseguide.co.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Puke". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Koikoi". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Cruise Guide: Punga Cove". cruiseguide.co.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Punga". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Punga Cove Retreat". pungacove.co.nz. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Scott Point". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Tawa Bay". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Tawa". Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ^ "NZPCN: Beilschmiedia Tawa". nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 10 February 2022.