2022 Sumatra earthquake: Difference between revisions

2022 Sumatra earthquake
	Ruins of the Raya Kajai mosque
	Padang
UTC time	2022-02-25 01:39:27
ISC event	622071228
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	25 February 2022
Local time	08:39:27 WIB (UTC+7)
Magnitude	6.2 Mw
Depth	4.0 km (2 mi)
Epicenter	0°13′59″N 100°06′22″E / 0.233°N 100.106°E
Fault	Great Sumatran fault
Type	Strike-slip
Areas affected	West Sumatra, Indonesia
Total damage	Rp. 780 million
Max. intensity	MMI VIII (Severe)
Foreshocks	1
Aftershocks	201
Casualties	27 dead, 457 injured, 19,221 displaced

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On 25 February 2022, a moment magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck West Sumatra, Indonesia at a depth of 4.0 km (2.5 mi).^[2] Preceded by one foreshock and followed by over 200 aftershocks, the mainshock had an epicenter at the foot of Mount Talakmau in Pasaman Regency.^[1] The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27 people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted Rp. 780 million worth of damages. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.

Tectonic setting

The west coast of Sumatra is dominated by the Sunda megathrust; a 5,500 km (3,400 mi)^[3] long convergent boundary where the Australian Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate and Sunda Plate at a rate of 60 mm (2.4 in) per year.^[4] The subduction zone offshore Sumatra was responsible for several large earthquakes in 2004 and 2005. Dip-slip faults can rupture within the down going Australian Plate as well—the 2009 magnitude 7.6 earthquake near Padang was caused by reverse faulting at 80 km (50 mi) depth.^[5] The subduction plate interface can rupture to the trench, triggering large tsunamis such as in 1907, 2004 and 2010.^[6]

Convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, severely deforming the overriding Sunda Plate, where it is accommodated by strike-slip motion along the Great Sumatran fault. The Great Sumatran fault is a 1,900 km (1,200 mi)-long strike-slip fault system located on Sumatra. The fault is divided into about 20 segments.^[7] The Great Sumatran fault was the source of the 1994 Liwa and 1995 Kerinci earthquakes. In 1933, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck Liwa, killing many people and causing widespread damage.^[8] It produced its largest earthquake in 1943; measuring M_s  7.8.^[9]

Earthquake

The mainshock occurred as a result of right-lateral strike-slip faulting,^[10] associated with rupture along a small segment of the Great Sumatran Fault.^[11] It had an epicenter located on the slopes of Mount Talakmau.^[12] A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of VIII (Severe) was felt over a northwest–southeast trending area.^[13] MMI VIII was felt on the northern slopes of Mount Talamau, and in parts of Talamau and Pasaman districts. It was also felt along the eastern portion of the volcano.^[13] The mainshock was preceded by a M_w  5.1 foreshock.^[14] By 3 March, 201 aftershocks as small as 1.4 in magnitude had been recorded by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). Two aftershocks measured M_w  5.0.^[15]^[16]

The earthquake ruptured a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault.^[a] The BMKG initially misidentified the Angkola Fault, another segment of the Great Sumatran Fault, as the source.^[17] The aftershock distribution suggest rupture occurred on strand that extended north of the Sianok Fault, another segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. The newly-identified segment is located between the Angkola Fault in the north and the Sianok Fault in the south, and can only produce earthquakes of up to magnitude 6.2 due to its short length.^[17] It strikes northwest–southeast and dips steeply to the southwest; and has a length of about 20 km (12 mi). The 10-second-long rupture occurred at 2–11 km (1.2–6.8 mi) depth along 14 km (8.7 mi) of the fault at the northern portion of Mount Talakmau. It displayed an average slip of about 25 cm (9.8 in); slip was 53 cm (21 in) at its maximum occurring at 7.2 km (4.5 mi) depth.^[15]

Impact

A survey by the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB),^[18] revealed 1,075 seriously damaged, 3,447 moderately damaged, and 2,105 slightly damaged homes. In addition, 70 religious buildings, 208 educational facilities, 25 health facilities were damaged.^[13] The total cost of damage was at an estimated Rp. 780 million.^[19]

At least 27 people were killed and 457 were injured.^[20] Although most victims died in collapsed buildings, some were killed by landslides on Mount Talakmau.^[21] Children and elderly were among the dead.^[22] At least 52 people sustained serious injuries—45 in West Pasaman Regency, 5 in Pasaman Regency and 1 in Agam Regency.^[23] Many of the injured were treated at Yarsi Hospital.^[24] A further 19,221 people were displaced.^[20]^[25] At least 5,000 displaced residents sought refuge across 35 evacuation centers.^[26]

The worst affected villages were located on the northern slopes of Mount Talamau; Kajai, Talamau District and Aua Kuniang, Pasaman District. Malampah, Tigo Nagari District on the eastern flank of Mount Talamau was also badly affected. In these areas, buildings were moderately to heavily damaged.^[13]

A video footage of mobilized landmass was recorded at Malampah. The phenomena was eventually classified as a type of flash flood which occurred due to a breached landslide dam. The earthquake triggered a landslide on a river upstream, creating a natural dam which obstructed the flow of water. The dam was breached and a flash flood occurred, carrying debris downstream.^[27] An official from the BNPB said a similar phenomena was also observed during the 2009 earthquake.^[28] An additional 17 landslides occurred on the slopes of Mount Talakmau. A landslide in Jorong Sungai Siriah measured 6 m (20 ft) high and 30 m (98 ft) wide.^[19] In Labuah Kaciak, hot springs appeared in the ground ejecting water and mud; residents were adviced not to approach the area by the BNPB.^[29] The presence of hot springs were the result of geothermal activity along a fault.^[30]

The mainshock was felt as far away as Klang Valley in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Some residents and workers rushed out of their homes and offices.^[31] Workers were evacuated from the Bernama headquarters in the city.^[32] In Port Dickson, a private hospital and government building sustained light damage.^[33] Shaking was also felt in Singapore.^[10] At approximately 09:40 Singapore time, residents reported tremors in Punggol, Simei, Redhill, Queenstown, Ang Mo Kio and Kallang. There were reports of shaking in the Marina Bay Financial Centre.^[34]

Response

In the days following the earthquake, rescuers were deployed to landslide-affected areas to search for the missing.^[35]^[36] They also salvaged through rubble.^[37] On 1 March, rescuers safely evacuated five individuals trapped under a landslide which occurred.^[38] The injured were transported to hospitals in the province.^[39] Bodies were also retrieved from the landslides.^[40] On 28 February, a disaster relief volunteer experienced a seizure and died.^[41]

The BNPB warned residents about the potential for flash floods. Rivers in the affected area had dried up due to blockage upstream caused by landslides.^[42] Residents were urged to stay away from hilly areas due to the threat of landslides and rockslides from rain.^[43] Smoke was observed emitting from Mount Talakmau.^[44] The BNPB confirmed volcanic activity on the volcano, and as a precautionary measure, some residents were evacuated.^[44]

Assistance

Minister of Social Affairs, Tri Rismaharini, visited some evacuation centers. According to her, logistics distributed 2,000 packs of ready-to-eat food. Additional aid including tents and sanitary kits, was also transported. The families of individuals killed were compensated Rp 15 million as a form of assistance.^[45] President Joko Widodo ordered the deployment of humanitarian aid consisting of sugar, oil, rice, biscuits, mineral water and tea bags, among other necessities via trucks.^[46]

Homes that were slightly damaged would be repaired by the district government body. Moderate to heavily damaged homes would be rebuilt by the provincial and central government, respectively.^[47] In October of 2022, the BNPB assisted in repairing 1,111 homes in West Pasaman Regency through the provision of Rp. 27 billion to the local government. Assistance in Rp. 50 million, 20 million and 3–5 million were allocated to homes with heavy, moderate and light damage, respectively.^[48] On 19 October, construction began for a damaged mosque in West Pasaman Regency under a Rp. 800 million budget.^[49]

Notes

^ Named the Kajai Fault or Talamau Fault.^[15]^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b "M 6.1 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ ISC-OB Event 622071228 [IRIS].
^ Sieh, Kerry (2007). "The Sunda megathrust - Past, present and future" (PDF). Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 1. California Institute of Technology: 1-19. doi:10.1142/S179343110700002X. ISSN 1793-4311. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Belle Philibosian Kerry Sieh Jean‐Philippe Avouac Danny H. Natawidjaja Hong‐Wei Chiang Chung‐Che Wu Hugo Perfettini Chuan‐Chou Shen Mudrik R. Daryono Bambang W. Suwargadi (2014). "Rupture and variable coupling behavior of the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust during the supercycle culmination of 1797 to 1833". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 119 (9): 7258–7287. Bibcode:2014JGRB..119.7258P. doi:10.1002/2014JB011200.
^ Sieh, Kerry (2007). "The Sunda megathrust - Past, present and future" (PDF). Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 1: 1–19. doi:10.1142/S179343110700002X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via California Institute of Technology.
^ B. K. Rastogi; R. K. Jaiswal (2006). "A catalog of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean". Science of Tsunami Hazards. 25 (3). Hyderabad, India: National Geophysical Research Institute.
^ Natawidjaja, D.H.; Tohari, A.; Subowo, E.; Daryono, M.R. (2007). "Western Sumatra Earthquakes of March 6, 2007" (PDF). EERI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Hurukawa, Nobuo; Wulandari, Biana Rahayu; Kasahara, Minoru (2014). "Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 104 (4): 1750–1762. Bibcode:2014BuSSA.104.1750H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.855.946. doi:10.1785/0120130201.
^ ISC-OB Event 899872 [IRIS].
^ ^a ^b "Gempa Kuat Sumbar Terasa hingga Malaysia dan Singapura, Ini Pemicunya". Padek (in Indonesian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Lauriane Chardot; Judith Hubbard; Kyle Edward Bradley; Wei Shengj; Han Suling Cheryl. "Mw 6.2 Earthquake from Sumatra Felt in Singapore". Earth Observatory of Singapore. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Significant Earthquake Information". InaTEWS. Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Laporan Singkat Tanggap Darurat Bencana Gempa Bumi Tanggal 25 Februari 2022 Di Daerah Pasaman Barat" [Brief Report on Earthquake Emergency Response on February 25, 2022 in West Pasaman Region]. Kebencanaan Geologi (in Indonesian). Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
^ M Haikal (25 February 2022). "Analisis BMKG Terkait Gempa Pasbar, Dipicu Sesar Besar Sumatra". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Supendi, P.; Rawlinson, N.; Prayitno, B.S.; Sianipar, D.; Simanjuntak, A.; Widiyantoro, S.; Palgunadi, K.H.; Kurniawan, A.; Shiddiqi, H.A.; Nugraha, A.D.; Sahara, D.P.; Daryono, D.; Triyono, R.; Adi, S.P.; Karnawati, D.; Daniarsyad, G.; Ahadi, S.; Fatchurochman, I.; Anugrah, S.D.; Heryandoko, N.; Sudrajat, A. (9 December 2022). "A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2022.106973.
^ Azhar Ferdian (26 February 2022). "Sudah 62 Kali Gempa Susulan Terjadi Di Pasaman, PVMBG: Waspada Likuefaksi". Sin Po.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hanani, A. B. (1 March 2022). "Segmen Patahan Baru Ditemukan BMKG Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat". Antara (in Indonesian). Ulasan.co. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
^ Immanuel Christian (7 March 2022). "Gempa Pasaman, ribuan rumah rusak". alinea.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b Hatta Rizal (25 February 2022). "Gempa Pasbar Rusak Belasan Rumah di Kabupaten 50 Kota". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Muhari, A. (8 April 2022). "Perkuat Ketahanan Wilayah Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat, Rakor TIPB Kembali Digelar" [Strengthening Regional Resilience After the West Pasaman Earthquake, TIPB Coordination Meeting is Held Again] (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ "Update Korban Gempa Pasaman Barat: 10 Meninggal, 4 Masih Dicari". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ Heri Sumarno (25 February 2022). "Data Sementara - Korban Jiwa Akibat Gempa di Pasaman Dilaporkan 32 Orang, 4 Meninggal Dunia". Covesia.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Adikara, Banu (4 March 2022). "Update Gempa Sumbar: 12 Orang Tewas, 52 Orang Luka Berat". Jawapos.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
^ Muhammad Fadli (25 February 2022). "Duka Sumbar, 4 Orang Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Runtuhan Gempa Pasaman Barat". Padang Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Indonesia earthquake death toll climbs to 11 after more bodies recovered on Sumatra". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ Dewi Nurita (25 February 2022). "410 Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa Pasaman Barat" (in Indonesian). Tempo. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Perdana Putra (27 February 2022). Ardi Priyatno Utomo (ed.). "Fenomena Tanah Bergerak Pasca-gempa di Pasaman Bukan Likuefaksi tapi Banjir Bandang". Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^ Ocky A. M. (25 February 2022). "Tanah Bergerak di Malampah Pasca Gempa Pasaman, BMKG Belum Pastikan Likuifaksi". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Ocky A. M. (25 February 2022). "Pasca Gempa, Muncul Semburan Air Panas dari Tanah di Pasaman". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Fitriana, N. (27 February 2022). Persada, G. (ed.). "Penjelasan BMKG soal Heboh Fenomena Air Panas yang Muncul Pasca Gempa di Pasaman Barat" [BMKG's explanation of the Hot Water Phenomena that Appeared After the Earthquake in West Pasaman] (in Indonesian). Kompas TV. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ "The earthquake in West Sumatra was also felt in Malaysia". Kosmo! (in Malay). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Gegaran di Lembah Klang susulan gempa bumi di Sumatera Barat". MalaysiaKini (in Malay). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Sumatra quake tremors: Hairline cracks found, but buildings in Negri safe so far". The Star. Malaysia. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ Ian Cheng (25 February 2022). "Tremors felt in Singapore after 6.0-magnitude earthquake in Northern Sumatra: NEA". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Rescuers search for survivors after West Sumatra deadly earthquake". The Jakarta Post. Agence France-Presse. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ Dimas Ryandi (27 February 2022). Saifan Zaking (ed.). "Korban Meninggal Gempa Sumbar Jadi 11 Orang". JawaPos (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^ Nurjana, R. (26 February 2022). "Searchers dig in Indonesia earthquake rubble for victims". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ Febrian Fachri; Ilham Tirta (1 March 2022). "Lima Orang Terjebak Longsor di Pasaman Barat Dievakuasi". Republika.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
^ Nasution, R., ed. (26 February 2022). "Five known dead in Pasaman earthquake: Search And Rescue team". Antara. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ Perdana Putra (2 March 2022). "UPDATE Gempa Pasaman, 1 Korban Lagi Ditemukan Meninggal, Tertimbun Longsor Cukup Dalam". Regional.kompas.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
^ "Innalillahi, Seorang Relawan Gempa Pasbar Meninggal Dunia". Kabar Sumbar (in Indonesian). 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
^ Febrian Fachri; Agus Yulianto (25 February 2022). "Waspada, Pasca-Gempa Ada Potensi Banjir Bandang di Pasaman Barat". Republika.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Waspada Gempa Susulan, Hindari Kawasan Perbukitan dan Bangunan Rusak". Padek (in Indonesian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Perdana Putra (25 February 2022). Gloria Setyvani Putri (ed.). "Pascagempa M 6,1, Gunung Talamau di Pasaman Barat Keluarkan Asap dan Longsor". Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ Agam Prayogi (26 February 2022). Miechell Octovy Koagouw (ed.). "Korban Gempa Pasbar Terima 2.000 Paket Makanan". rri.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ Haikal, M. (1 March 2022). "Jokowi Kirim Bantuan Sembako ke Korban Gempa Pasbar dan Pasaman" [Jokowi Sends Basic Food Aid to Pasbar and Pasaman Earthquake Victims] (in Indonesian). Katasumbar. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
^ Juni Fitra Yenti (27 February 2022). "BNPB: Pemerintah akan Perbaiki Rumah Rusak Terdampak Gempa Pasaman Barat M 6,2". Padang Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^ "Kepala BNPB Kunker dan Monev Penanggulangan Bencana di Pasbar, Pemkab Pasbar Terima Rp 27,7 Milyar Lebih Dana Pembangunan Rumah" [Head of BNPB Kunker and Monev for Disaster Management in Pasbar, Pasbar Regency Government Receives Rp. 27.7 billion more in Housing Development Funds] (in Indonesian). Portal Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^ Tirta, I. (19 October 2022). "Satu Masjid Terdampak Gempa di Pasaman Barat Mulai Dibangun" [One Mosque Affected by the Earthquake in West Pasaman Begins to be Built] (in Indonesian). Republika. Antara. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

External links

Media related to 2022 Sumatra earthquake at Wikimedia Commons
ReliefWeb's report for this event.
Petley, Dave (29 March 2022). "Mount Talakmau: landslides from the 25 February 2022 Sumatra Earthquake". American Geophysical Union.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Quick Quake Briefing – Indonesia M6.2 Earthquake on Sumatra Island of February 25, 2022 – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Isoseismal Map of the West Pasaman Earthquake - West Sumatra, 25 February 2022 BMKG

[18] Named the Kajai Fault or Talamau Fault.^[15]^[17]

[ANSS-1] "M 6.1 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[ISC22-2] ISC-OB Event 622071228 [IRIS].

[Sieh07-3] Sieh, Kerry (2007). "The Sunda megathrust - Past, present and future" (PDF). Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 1. California Institute of Technology: 1-19. doi:10.1142/S179343110700002X. ISSN 1793-4311. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[4] Belle Philibosian Kerry Sieh Jean‐Philippe Avouac Danny H. Natawidjaja Hong‐Wei Chiang Chung‐Che Wu Hugo Perfettini Chuan‐Chou Shen Mudrik R. Daryono Bambang W. Suwargadi (2014). "Rupture and variable coupling behavior of the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust during the supercycle culmination of 1797 to 1833". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 119 (9): 7258–7287. Bibcode:2014JGRB..119.7258P. doi:10.1002/2014JB011200.

[5] Sieh, Kerry (2007). "The Sunda megathrust - Past, present and future" (PDF). Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 1: 1–19. doi:10.1142/S179343110700002X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via California Institute of Technology.

[Rastogi-6] B. K. Rastogi; R. K. Jaiswal (2006). "A catalog of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean". Science of Tsunami Hazards. 25 (3). Hyderabad, India: National Geophysical Research Institute.

[EERI_2007-7] Natawidjaja, D.H.; Tohari, A.; Subowo, E.; Daryono, M.R. (2007). "Western Sumatra Earthquakes of March 6, 2007" (PDF). EERI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Hurukawa-8] Hurukawa, Nobuo; Wulandari, Biana Rahayu; Kasahara, Minoru (2014). "Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 104 (4): 1750–1762. Bibcode:2014BuSSA.104.1750H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.855.946. doi:10.1785/0120130201.

[ISC43-2-9] ISC-OB Event 899872 [IRIS].

[Padek-10] "Gempa Kuat Sumbar Terasa hingga Malaysia dan Singapura, Ini Pemicunya". Padek (in Indonesian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Chardot-11] Lauriane Chardot; Judith Hubbard; Kyle Edward Bradley; Wei Shengj; Han Suling Cheryl. "Mw 6.2 Earthquake from Sumatra Felt in Singapore". Earth Observatory of Singapore. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[InaTEWS-12] "Significant Earthquake Information". InaTEWS. Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[esdm-13] "Laporan Singkat Tanggap Darurat Bencana Gempa Bumi Tanggal 25 Februari 2022 Di Daerah Pasaman Barat" [Brief Report on Earthquake Emergency Response on February 25, 2022 in West Pasaman Region]. Kebencanaan Geologi (in Indonesian). Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.

[Haikal-14] M Haikal (25 February 2022). "Analisis BMKG Terkait Gempa Pasbar, Dipicu Sesar Besar Sumatra". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Supendi2022-15] Supendi, P.; Rawlinson, N.; Prayitno, B.S.; Sianipar, D.; Simanjuntak, A.; Widiyantoro, S.; Palgunadi, K.H.; Kurniawan, A.; Shiddiqi, H.A.; Nugraha, A.D.; Sahara, D.P.; Daryono, D.; Triyono, R.; Adi, S.P.; Karnawati, D.; Daniarsyad, G.; Ahadi, S.; Fatchurochman, I.; Anugrah, S.D.; Heryandoko, N.; Sudrajat, A. (9 December 2022). "A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2022.106973.

[Ferdian-16] Azhar Ferdian (26 February 2022). "Sudah 62 Kali Gempa Susulan Terjadi Di Pasaman, PVMBG: Waspada Likuefaksi". Sin Po.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[Hanani-17] Hanani, A. B. (1 March 2022). "Segmen Patahan Baru Ditemukan BMKG Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat". Antara (in Indonesian). Ulasan.co. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.

[Christian-19] Immanuel Christian (7 March 2022). "Gempa Pasaman, ribuan rumah rusak". alinea.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 March 2022.

[Rizal-20] Hatta Rizal (25 February 2022). "Gempa Pasbar Rusak Belasan Rumah di Kabupaten 50 Kota". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[bnpb27dead-21] Muhari, A. (8 April 2022). "Perkuat Ketahanan Wilayah Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat, Rakor TIPB Kembali Digelar" [Strengthening Regional Resilience After the West Pasaman Earthquake, TIPB Coordination Meeting is Held Again] (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[CNN-22] "Update Korban Gempa Pasaman Barat: 10 Meninggal, 4 Masih Dicari". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[Sumarno-23] Heri Sumarno (25 February 2022). "Data Sementara - Korban Jiwa Akibat Gempa di Pasaman Dilaporkan 32 Orang, 4 Meninggal Dunia". Covesia.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Adikara52-24] Adikara, Banu (4 March 2022). "Update Gempa Sumbar: 12 Orang Tewas, 52 Orang Luka Berat". Jawapos.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.

[Fadli-25] Muhammad Fadli (25 February 2022). "Duka Sumbar, 4 Orang Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Runtuhan Gempa Pasaman Barat". Padang Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[The_Guardian-26] "Indonesia earthquake death toll climbs to 11 after more bodies recovered on Sumatra". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[Nurita2-27] Dewi Nurita (25 February 2022). "410 Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa Pasaman Barat" (in Indonesian). Tempo. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Putra2-28] Perdana Putra (27 February 2022). Ardi Priyatno Utomo (ed.). "Fenomena Tanah Bergerak Pasca-gempa di Pasaman Bukan Likuefaksi tapi Banjir Bandang". Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

[29] Ocky A. M. (25 February 2022). "Tanah Bergerak di Malampah Pasca Gempa Pasaman, BMKG Belum Pastikan Likuifaksi". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[30] Ocky A. M. (25 February 2022). "Pasca Gempa, Muncul Semburan Air Panas dari Tanah di Pasaman". Kata Sumbar (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[31] Fitriana, N. (27 February 2022). Persada, G. (ed.). "Penjelasan BMKG soal Heboh Fenomena Air Panas yang Muncul Pasca Gempa di Pasaman Barat" [BMKG's explanation of the Hot Water Phenomena that Appeared After the Earthquake in West Pasaman] (in Indonesian). Kompas TV. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[Kosmo1-32] "The earthquake in West Sumatra was also felt in Malaysia". Kosmo! (in Malay). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[33] "Gegaran di Lembah Klang susulan gempa bumi di Sumatera Barat". MalaysiaKini (in Malay). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[34] "Sumatra quake tremors: Hairline cracks found, but buildings in Negri safe so far". The Star. Malaysia. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Cheng-35] Ian Cheng (25 February 2022). "Tremors felt in Singapore after 6.0-magnitude earthquake in Northern Sumatra: NEA". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[36] "Rescuers search for survivors after West Sumatra deadly earthquake". The Jakarta Post. Agence France-Presse. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[Ryandi-37] Dimas Ryandi (27 February 2022). Saifan Zaking (ed.). "Korban Meninggal Gempa Sumbar Jadi 11 Orang". JawaPos (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

[38] Nurjana, R. (26 February 2022). "Searchers dig in Indonesia earthquake rubble for victims". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[39] Febrian Fachri; Ilham Tirta (1 March 2022). "Lima Orang Terjebak Longsor di Pasaman Barat Dievakuasi". Republika.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.

[Nasution-40] Nasution, R., ed. (26 February 2022). "Five known dead in Pasaman earthquake: Search And Rescue team". Antara. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[41] Perdana Putra (2 March 2022). "UPDATE Gempa Pasaman, 1 Korban Lagi Ditemukan Meninggal, Tertimbun Longsor Cukup Dalam". Regional.kompas.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[42] "Innalillahi, Seorang Relawan Gempa Pasbar Meninggal Dunia". Kabar Sumbar (in Indonesian). 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.

[Fachri-43] Febrian Fachri; Agus Yulianto (25 February 2022). "Waspada, Pasca-Gempa Ada Potensi Banjir Bandang di Pasaman Barat". Republika.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[44] "Waspada Gempa Susulan, Hindari Kawasan Perbukitan dan Bangunan Rusak". Padek (in Indonesian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[Putra-45] Perdana Putra (25 February 2022). Gloria Setyvani Putri (ed.). "Pascagempa M 6,1, Gunung Talamau di Pasaman Barat Keluarkan Asap dan Longsor". Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[Prayogi-46] Agam Prayogi (26 February 2022). Miechell Octovy Koagouw (ed.). "Korban Gempa Pasbar Terima 2.000 Paket Makanan". rri.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[47] Haikal, M. (1 March 2022). "Jokowi Kirim Bantuan Sembako ke Korban Gempa Pasbar dan Pasaman" [Jokowi Sends Basic Food Aid to Pasbar and Pasaman Earthquake Victims] (in Indonesian). Katasumbar. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.

[Yenti-48] Juni Fitra Yenti (27 February 2022). "BNPB: Pemerintah akan Perbaiki Rumah Rusak Terdampak Gempa Pasaman Barat M 6,2". Padang Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

[pasamanbaratkab1-49] "Kepala BNPB Kunker dan Monev Penanggulangan Bencana di Pasbar, Pemkab Pasbar Terima Rp 27,7 Milyar Lebih Dana Pembangunan Rumah" [Head of BNPB Kunker and Monev for Disaster Management in Pasbar, Pasbar Regency Government Receives Rp. 27.7 billion more in Housing Development Funds] (in Indonesian). Portal Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

[50] Tirta, I. (19 October 2022). "Satu Masjid Terdampak Gempa di Pasaman Barat Mulai Dibangun" [One Mosque Affected by the Earthquake in West Pasaman Begins to be Built] (in Indonesian). Republika. Antara. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

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 }}
-On 25&nbsp;February 2022, a moment magnitude 6.2 [[earthquake]] struck [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] at a depth of {{cvt|4.0|km}}.<ref name="ISC22">{{Short-isc|OB|622071228}}</ref> Preceded by one foreshock and followed by over 200 aftershocks, the mainshock had an epicenter at the foot of Mount Talakmau in [[Pasaman Regency]].<ref name="ANSS">{{cite web |title=M 6.1 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Geological Survey]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220225035515/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |archive-date=25 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27&nbsp;people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted Rp. 780 million worth of damages. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.
+On 25&nbsp;February 2022, a [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] 6.2 [[earthquake]] struck [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] at a depth of {{cvt|4.0|km}}.<ref name="ISC22">{{Short-isc|OB|622071228}}</ref> Preceded by one foreshock and followed by over 200 aftershocks, the mainshock had an epicenter at the foot of Mount Talakmau in [[Pasaman Regency]].<ref name="ANSS">{{cite web |title=M 6.1 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Geological Survey]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220225035515/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |archive-date=25 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27&nbsp;people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted Rp. 780 million worth of damages. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.
 ==Tectonic setting==
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 A survey by the [[Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management]] (BNPB),<ref name="Christian">{{cite news |author1=Immanuel Christian |title=Gempa Pasaman, ribuan rumah rusak |url=https://www.alinea.id/nasional/gempa-pasaman-ribuan-rumah-rusak-b2fg19BIJ |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=alinea.id |date=7 March 2022 |language=id}}</ref> revealed 1,075 seriously damaged, 3,447 moderately damaged, and 2,105 slightly damaged homes. In addition, 70 religious buildings, 208 educational facilities, 25 health facilities were damaged.<ref name="esdm" /> The total cost of damage was at an estimated [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp.]] 780 million.<ref name="Rizal"/>
-At least 27 people were killed and 457 were injured.<ref name="bnpb27dead">{{cite web |last=Muhari |first=A. |title=Perkuat Ketahanan Wilayah Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat, Rakor TIPB Kembali Digelar|trans-title=Strengthening Regional Resilience After the West Pasaman Earthquake, TIPB Coordination Meeting is Held Again |url=https://bnpb.go.id/berita/perkuat-ketahanan-wilayah-pasca-gempa-pasaman-barat-rakor-tipb-kembali-digelar- |publisher=Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management |access-date=2 January 2023 |date=8 April 2022 |language=id}}</ref> Although most victims died in collapsed buildings, some were killed by landslides on Mount Talakmau.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title=Update Korban Gempa Pasaman Barat: 10 Meninggal, 4 Masih Dicari |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[CNN]] Indonesia |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226132553/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |url-status=live }}</ref> Children and elderly were among the dead.<ref name="Sumarno">{{cite news |author1=Heri Sumarno |title=Data Sementara - Korban Jiwa Akibat Gempa di Pasaman Dilaporkan 32 Orang, 4 Meninggal Dunia |url=https://covesia.com/news/113458/data-sementara--korban-jiwa-akibat-gempa-di-pasaman-dilaporkan-32-orang-4-meninggal-dunia |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Covesia.com |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143105/https://covesia.com/news/113458/data-sementara--korban-jiwa-akibat-gempa-di-pasaman-dilaporkan-32-orang-4-meninggal-dunia |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 52 people sustained serious injuries—45 in West Pasaman Regency, 5 in Pasaman Regency and 1 in Agam Regency.<ref name="Adikara52">{{cite news |first=Banu |last=Adikara |title=Update Gempa Sumbar: 12 Orang Tewas, 52 Orang Luka Berat |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |work=Jawapos.com |language=id |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303140254/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the injured were treated at Yarsi Hospital.<ref name="Fadli">{{cite news |author1=Muhammad Fadli |title=Duka Sumbar, 4 Orang Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Runtuhan Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Padang Harian Haluan |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143108/https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |url-status=live }}</ref> A further 19,221&nbsp;people were displaced.<ref name="bnpb27dead" /><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=Indonesia earthquake death toll climbs to 11 after more bodies recovered on Sumatra |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220301021549/https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |archive-date=1 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 5,000 displaced residents sought refuge across 35 evacuation centers.<ref name="Nurita2">{{cite news |author1=Dewi Nurita |title=410 Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat/full&view=ok |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Tempo |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143113/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat |url-status=live }}</ref>
+At least 27 people were killed and 457 were injured.<ref name="bnpb27dead">{{cite web |last=Muhari |first=A. |title=Perkuat Ketahanan Wilayah Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat, Rakor TIPB Kembali Digelar|trans-title=Strengthening Regional Resilience After the West Pasaman Earthquake, TIPB Coordination Meeting is Held Again |url=https://bnpb.go.id/berita/perkuat-ketahanan-wilayah-pasca-gempa-pasaman-barat-rakor-tipb-kembali-digelar- |publisher=Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management |access-date=2 January 2023 |date=8 April 2022 |language=id}}</ref> Although most victims died in collapsed buildings, some were killed by landslides on Mount Talakmau.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title=Update Korban Gempa Pasaman Barat: 10 Meninggal, 4 Masih Dicari |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[CNN]] Indonesia |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226132553/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |url-status=live }}</ref> Children and elderly were among the dead.<ref name="Sumarno">{{cite news |author1=Heri Sumarno |title=Data Sementara - Korban Jiwa Akibat Gempa di Pasaman Dilaporkan 32 Orang, 4 Meninggal Dunia |url=https://covesia.com/news/113458/data-sementara--korban-jiwa-akibat-gempa-di-pasaman-dilaporkan-32-orang-4-meninggal-dunia |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Covesia.com |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143105/https://covesia.com/news/113458/data-sementara--korban-jiwa-akibat-gempa-di-pasaman-dilaporkan-32-orang-4-meninggal-dunia |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 52 people sustained serious injuries—45 in West Pasaman Regency, 5 in Pasaman Regency and 1 in [[Agam Regency]].<ref name="Adikara52">{{cite news |first=Banu |last=Adikara |title=Update Gempa Sumbar: 12 Orang Tewas, 52 Orang Luka Berat |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |work=Jawapos.com |language=id |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303140254/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the injured were treated at Yarsi Hospital.<ref name="Fadli">{{cite news |author1=Muhammad Fadli |title=Duka Sumbar, 4 Orang Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Runtuhan Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Padang Harian Haluan |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143108/https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |url-status=live }}</ref> A further 19,221&nbsp;people were displaced.<ref name="bnpb27dead" /><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=Indonesia earthquake death toll climbs to 11 after more bodies recovered on Sumatra |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220301021549/https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |archive-date=1 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 5,000 displaced residents sought refuge across 35 evacuation centers.<ref name="Nurita2">{{cite news |author1=Dewi Nurita |title=410 Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat/full&view=ok |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Tempo |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143113/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat |url-status=live }}</ref>
 The worst affected villages were located on the northern slopes of Mount Talamau; Kajai, Talamau District and Aua Kuniang, Pasaman District. Malampah, Tigo Nagari District on the eastern flank of Mount Talamau was also badly affected. In these areas, buildings were moderately to heavily damaged.<ref name="esdm" />
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 The mainshock was felt as far away as [[Klang Valley]] in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Some residents and workers rushed out of their homes and offices.<ref name="Kosmo1">{{cite news |title=The earthquake in West Sumatra was also felt in Malaysia |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2022/02/25/gempa-di-sumatera-barat-turut-dirasai-di-malaysia/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[Kosmo!]] |date=25 February 2022 |language=ms |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143102/https://www.kosmo.com.my/2022/02/25/gempa-di-sumatera-barat-turut-dirasai-di-malaysia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Workers were evacuated from the [[Bernama]] headquarters in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gegaran di Lembah Klang susulan gempa bumi di Sumatera Barat |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/612042 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=MalaysiaKini |date=25 February 2022 |language=ms |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143100/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/612042 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Port Dickson (town)|Port Dickson]], a private hospital and government building sustained light damage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sumatra quake tremors: Hairline cracks found, but buildings in Negri safe so far|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/25/sumatra-quake-tremors-hairline-cracks-found-but-buildings-in-negri-safe-so-far|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143109/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/25/sumatra-quake-tremors-hairline-cracks-found-but-buildings-in-negri-safe-so-far|url-status=live}}</ref> Shaking was also felt in Singapore.<ref name="Padek">{{cite news |title=Gempa Kuat Sumbar Terasa hingga Malaysia dan Singapura, Ini Pemicunya |url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/gempa-kuat-sumbar-terasa-hingga-malaysia-dan-singapura-ini-pemicunya/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Padek |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220225064841/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/gempa-kuat-sumbar-terasa-hingga-malaysia-dan-singapura-ini-pemicunya/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> At approximately 09:40 Singapore time, residents reported tremors in [[Punggol]], [[Simei]], [[Redhill, Singapore|Redhill]], [[Queenstown, Singapore|Queenstown]], [[Ang Mo Kio]] and [[Kallang]]. There were reports of shaking in the [[Marina Bay Financial Centre]].<ref name="Cheng">{{cite news |author1=Ian Cheng |title=Tremors felt in Singapore after 6.0-magnitude earthquake in Northern Sumatra: NEA |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/northern-sumatra-sumatra-earthquake-tremors-felt-singapore-2518871 |access-date=25 February 2022 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143109/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/northern-sumatra-sumatra-earthquake-tremors-felt-singapore-2518871 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+==Response==
-==Search and rescue==
+[[File:Kondisi pascagempa di Malampah, Tigo Nagari, Pasaman.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A landslide that occurred after the earthquake in Tigo Nagari District, Pasaman Regency.]]
 In the days following the earthquake, rescuers were deployed to landslide-affected areas to search for the missing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rescuers search for survivors after West Sumatra deadly earthquake |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2022/02/26/rescuers-search-for-survivors-after-west-sumatra-deadly-earthquake.html |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=The Jakarta Post |date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ryandi">{{cite news |author1=Dimas Ryandi |editor=Saifan Zaking |title=Korban Meninggal Gempa Sumbar Jadi 11 Orang |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/27/02/2022/korban-meninggal-gempa-sumbar-jadi-11-orang/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=JawaPos |date=27 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227134245/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/27/02/2022/korban-meninggal-gempa-sumbar-jadi-11-orang/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They also salvaged through rubble.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nurjana |first1=R. |title=Searchers dig in Indonesia earthquake rubble for victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/environment-and-nature-indonesia-earthquakes-sumatra-a2047ba7bb0c2770a8a0e0419766e4f0 |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Associated Press |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> On 1 March, rescuers safely evacuated five individuals trapped under a landslide which occurred.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Febrian Fachri |author2=Ilham Tirta |title=Lima Orang Terjebak Longsor di Pasaman Barat Dievakuasi |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/r82af4485/lima-orang-terjebak-longsor-di-pasaman-barat-dievakuasi |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=Republika.co.id |date=1 March 2022 |language=id |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302053106/https://republika.co.id/berita/r82af4485/lima-orang-terjebak-longsor-di-pasaman-barat-dievakuasi |url-status=live }}</ref> The injured were transported to hospitals in the province.<ref name="Nasution">{{cite news |title=Five known dead in Pasaman earthquake: Search And Rescue team |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/217397/five-known-dead-in-pasaman-earthquake-search-and-rescue-team |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Antara |publisher=|editor-last=Nasution |editor-first=R. |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> Bodies were also retrieved from the landslides.<ref>{{cite news |author=Perdana Putra |title=UPDATE Gempa Pasaman, 1 Korban Lagi Ditemukan Meninggal, Tertimbun Longsor Cukup Dalam |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/02/142702578/update-gempa-pasaman-1-korban-lagi-ditemukan-meninggal-tertimbun-longsor |work=Regional.kompas.com |language=id |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303213723/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/02/142702578/update-gempa-pasaman-1-korban-lagi-ditemukan-meninggal-tertimbun-longsor |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 February, a disaster relief volunteer experienced a seizure and died.<ref>{{cite news |title=Innalillahi, Seorang Relawan Gempa Pasbar Meninggal Dunia |url=https://www.kabarsumbar.com/berita/innalillahi-seorang-relawan-gempa-pasbar-meninggal-dunia/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=Kabar Sumbar |date=1 March 2022 |language=id |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301051938/https://www.kabarsumbar.com/berita/innalillahi-seorang-relawan-gempa-pasbar-meninggal-dunia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-==Response==
-[[File:Kondisi pascagempa di Malampah, Tigo Nagari, Pasaman.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A landslide that occurred after the earthquake in Tigo Nagari District, Pasaman Regency.]]
 The BNPB warned residents about the potential for [[flash flood]]s. Rivers in the affected area had dried up due to blockage upstream caused by landslides.<ref name="Fachri">{{cite news |author1=Febrian Fachri |author2=Agus Yulianto |title=Waspada, Pasca-Gempa Ada Potensi Banjir Bandang di Pasaman Barat |url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/r7uoze396/waspada-pascagempa-ada-potensi-banjir-bandang-di-pasaman-barat |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Republika.id |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143115/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/r7uoze396/waspada-pascagempa-ada-potensi-banjir-bandang-di-pasaman-barat |url-status=live }}</ref> Residents were urged to stay away from hilly areas due to the threat of [[landslide]]s and rockslides from rain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Waspada Gempa Susulan, Hindari Kawasan Perbukitan dan Bangunan Rusak |url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/waspada-gempa-susulan-hindari-kawasan-perbukitan-dan-bangunan-rusak/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=Padek |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143110/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/waspada-gempa-susulan-hindari-kawasan-perbukitan-dan-bangunan-rusak/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Smoke was observed emitting from Mount Talakmau.<ref name="Putra">{{cite news |author1=Perdana Putra |editor=Gloria Setyvani Putri |title=Pascagempa M 6,1, Gunung Talamau di Pasaman Barat Keluarkan Asap dan Longsor |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/25/205214078/pascagempa-m-61-gunung-talamau-di-pasaman-barat-keluarkan-asap-dan-longsor |work=Kompas |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=id |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226013740/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/25/205214078/pascagempa-m-61-gunung-talamau-di-pasaman-barat-keluarkan-asap-dan-longsor |url-status=live }}</ref> The BNPB confirmed volcanic activity on the volcano, and as a precautionary measure, some residents were evacuated.<ref name="Putra" />
+==Assistance==
 Minister of Social Affairs, [[Tri Rismaharini]], visited some evacuation centers. According to her, logistics distributed 2,000&nbsp;packs of [[ready-to-eat food]]. Additional aid including tents and sanitary kits, was also transported. The families of individuals killed were compensated Rp&nbsp;15&nbsp;million as a form of assistance.<ref name="Prayogi">{{cite news |author1=Agam Prayogi |editor=Miechell Octovy Koagouw |title=Korban Gempa Pasbar Terima 2.000 Paket Makanan |url=https://rri.co.id/tanggap-bencana/1370495/korban-gempa-pasbar-terima-2-000-paket-makanan |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=rri.co.id |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228093200/https://rri.co.id/tanggap-bencana/1370495/korban-gempa-pasbar-terima-2-000-paket-makanan |url-status=live }}</ref> President [[Joko Widodo]] ordered the deployment of humanitarian aid consisting of sugar, oil, rice, biscuits, mineral water and tea bags, among other necessities via trucks.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Haikal|first1=M.|title=Jokowi Kirim Bantuan Sembako ke Korban Gempa Pasbar dan Pasaman|url=https://katasumbar.com/jokowi-kirim-bantuan-sembako-ke-korban-gempa-pasbar-dan-pasaman/amp/|agency=Katasumbar|trans-title=Jokowi Sends Basic Food Aid to Pasbar and Pasaman Earthquake Victims|date=1 March 2022|access-date=4 March 2022|language=Indonesian|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305155601/https://katasumbar.com/jokowi-kirim-bantuan-sembako-ke-korban-gempa-pasbar-dan-pasaman/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-===Repair and reconstruction===
 Homes that were slightly damaged would be repaired by the district government body. Moderate to heavily damaged homes would be rebuilt by the provincial and central government, respectively.<ref name="Yenti">{{cite news |author1=Juni Fitra Yenti |title=BNPB: Pemerintah akan Perbaiki Rumah Rusak Terdampak Gempa Pasaman Barat M 6,2 |url=https://padang.harianhaluan.com/reportase/pr-1062757427/bnpb-pemerintah-akan-perbaiki-rumah-rusak-terdampak-gempa-pasaman-barat-m-62 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=Padang Harian Haluan |date=27 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227023627/https://padang.harianhaluan.com/reportase/pr-1062757427/bnpb-pemerintah-akan-perbaiki-rumah-rusak-terdampak-gempa-pasaman-barat-m-62 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October of 2022, the BNPB assisted in repairing 1,111 homes in West Pasaman Regency through the provision of Rp. 27 billion to the local government. Assistance in Rp. 50 million, 20 million and 3–5 million were allocated to homes with heavy, moderate and light damage, respectively.<ref name="pasamanbaratkab1">{{cite web |title=Kepala BNPB Kunker dan Monev Penanggulangan Bencana di Pasbar, Pemkab Pasbar Terima Rp 27,7 Milyar Lebih Dana Pembangunan Rumah|trans-title=Head of BNPB Kunker and Monev for Disaster Management in Pasbar, Pasbar Regency Government Receives Rp. 27.7 billion more in Housing Development Funds |url=https://pasamanbaratkab.go.id/home/kepala-bnpb-kunker-dan-monev-penanggulangan-bencana-di-pasbar-pemkab-pasbar-terima-rp-277-milyar-lebih-dana-pembangunan-rumah |access-date=2 January 2023 |publisher=Portal Kabupaten Pasaman Barat |date=16 October 2022 |language=id}}</ref> On 19 October, construction began for a damaged mosque in West Pasaman Regency under a Rp. 800 million budget.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tirta |first1=I. |title=Satu Masjid Terdampak Gempa di Pasaman Barat Mulai Dibangun|trans-title=One Mosque Affected by the Earthquake in West Pasaman Begins to be Built |url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rk0eev485/satu-masjid-terdampak-gempa-di-pasaman-barat-mulai-dibangun |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Antara |publisher=Republika |date=19 October 2022 |language=id}}</ref>
 == See also ==
 {{Portal|Earth sciences|Indonesia}}
 * [[List of earthquakes in 2022]]
 * [[List of earthquakes in Indonesia]]
 * [[List of earthquakes in Malaysia]]
-* [[March 2007 Sumatra earthquakes]] – similar event which struck the same area
 ==Notes==

v t e ← Earthquakes in 2022 →
January	Qinghai, China (6.6, Jan 8) Cyprus (6.6, Jan 11) Badghis, Afghanistan (5.3, Jan 17) †
February	Escuintla, Guatemala (6.2, Feb 16) Sumatra, Indonesia (6.2, Feb 25)
March	Fukushima, Japan (7.3, Mar 16)
April	Strupići, Bosnia and Herzegovina (5.7, Apr 22)
May	Chilca, Peru (5.4, May 12)
June	Ya'an, China (5.8, Jun 1) Durand Line, Afghanistan (6.2, Jun 22) † ‡
July	Bandar e-Lengeh, Iran (6.0, 5.7, 6.0, Jul 1) Luzon, Philippines (7.0, Jul 27)
September	Eastern Afghanistan (5.1, Sep 4) Sichuan, China (6.6, Sep 5) † Papua New Guinea (7.6, Sep 11) Taitung, Taiwan 6.5, Sep 17 6.9, Sep 18 Michoacán, Mexico (7.7, Sep 19)
October	West Azerbaijan (5.6, Oct 5)
November	Doti, Nepal (5.7, Nov 8) West Java, Indonesia (5.6, Nov 21) † Düzce, Turkey (6.1, Nov 23)
December	Ferndale, California (6.4, Dec 20)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year Dates for all earthquakes are in UTC

v t e Earthquakes in Indonesia
Historical	1629 Banda Sea 1674 Ambon 1699 Java 1797 Sumatra 1815 Bali 1833 Sumatra 1834 Bogor 1843 Nias 1852 Banda Sea 1861 Sumatra 1867 Java 1899 Ceram
20th century	1907 Sumatra 1909 Kerinci 1913 Sulawesi–Mindanao 1917 Bali 1926 Padang Panjang 1931 Southwest Sumatra 1933 Sumatra 1935 Sumatra 1938 Banda Sea 1943 Alahan Panjang 1943 Central Java 1965 Ceram Sea 1968 Sulawesi 1969 Sulawesi 1976 Papua 1976 Bali 1977 Sumba 1979 Yapen 1979 Bali 1981 Irian Jaya 1982 Flores 1984 Northern Sumatra 1989 Irian Jaya 1991 Kalabahi 1992 Flores 1994 Liwa 1994 Java 1995 Timor 1995 Kerinci 1996 Sulawesi 1996 Biak 1998 North Maluku 1999 Sunda Strait 2000 Banggai Islands 2000 Enggano
2000s	2002 Sumatra February 2004 Nabire 2004 Alor November 2004 Nabire 2004 Indian Ocean 2005 Nias–Simeulue 2006 Yogyakarta 2006 Pangandaran March 2007 Sumatra 2007 Bengkulu 2008 Sulawesi 2008 Simeulue 2009 West Papua 2009 Talaud Islands 2009 West Java September 2009 Sumatra
2010s	2010 Banyak Islands 2010 Papua 2010 Mentawai 2011 Aceh Singkil Regency 2012 Indian Ocean 2012 Sulawesi 2013 Aceh 2016 Mentawai 2016 Aceh 2017 Java 2018 West Java July 2018 Lombok 5 August 2018 Lombok 19 August 2018 Lombok 2018 Sulawesi 2018 East Java 2019 Lombok 2019 North Maluku 2019 Sunda Strait 2019 Ambon
2020s	2021 West Sulawesi 2021 East Java 2021 Bali 2021 Flores 2022 West Sumatra 2022 West Java 2024 West Java
Related	Sunda Trench Great Sumatran fault Sunda megathrust Sumatra Trench Palu-Koro Fault Flores back-arc thrust fault

v t e Floods in 2022
Africa	Chad Democratic Republic of Congo Bukavu Kinshasa Ghana Accra Madagascar Antananarivo Nigeria Rwanda Sudan South Africa Eastern Cape KwaZulu-Natal Uganda Kasese District
Asia	South Asia Nepal Afghanistan China Qinghai India–Bangladesh Amarnath Silchar Iran Jordan Laos Malaysia East Coast Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia South Korea Sumatra United Arab Emirates
Europe	Greece Italy Marche Ukraine United Kingdom
North America	Haiti United States Montana July–August nationwide floods Puerto Rico
South America	Brazil Northeastern Brazil Petrópolis Suriname Uruguay Montevideo
Oceania	Australia Eastern Australia New South Wales South Eastern Australia New Zealand
← 2021 floods · 2023 floods →