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Ginwala has written a number of books dealing with various aspects of the struggle against injustice.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ginwala, Frene.|title=Africa's unfinished agenda : the legacy of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2006|publisher=University of Cape Coast|oclc=701814085}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=GINWALA|first=FRENE N.|date=January 1968|title=Zanzibar: Background to Revolution|journal=African Affairs|volume=67|issue=266|pages=74–75|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095705|issn=1468-2621}}</ref> For her efforts, she has been honoured by international and local institutions and governments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mafika|date=2014-07-28|title=Ginwala helped shape South Africa's history|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/ginwala-helped-shape-south-africa-s-history|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Brand South Africa|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=sudo|date=2018-09-06|title=Rt. Hon. Dr. Frene Noshir Ginwala|url=https://ucc.edu.gh/awards/rt-hon-dr-frene-noshir-ginwala|access-date=2020-07-11|website=University of Cape Coast|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
Ginwala has written a number of books dealing with various aspects of the struggle against injustice.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ginwala, Frene.|title=Africa's unfinished agenda : the legacy of Kwame Nkrumah|date=2006|publisher=University of Cape Coast|oclc=701814085}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=GINWALA|first=FRENE N.|date=January 1968|title=Zanzibar: Background to Revolution|journal=African Affairs|volume=67|issue=266|pages=74–75|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095705|issn=1468-2621}}</ref> For her efforts, she has been honoured by international and local institutions and governments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mafika|date=2014-07-28|title=Ginwala helped shape South Africa's history|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/people/ginwala-helped-shape-south-africa-s-history|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Brand South Africa|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=sudo|date=2018-09-06|title=Rt. Hon. Dr. Frene Noshir Ginwala|url=https://ucc.edu.gh/awards/rt-hon-dr-frene-noshir-ginwala|access-date=2020-07-11|website=University of Cape Coast|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


Using her anonymity, she played a tremendous role in establishing underground escape routes for [[ANC]] leaders and cadres in the period following the [[Sharpeville massacre]] and the declaration of the [[State of emergency|State of Emergency]] (SOE) in 1960. These included Deputy-President of the ANC [[Oliver Tambo]] and [[Yusuf Dadoo]], two leaders of the [[liberation movement]]. She also organised [[safe house]]s for those who had to remain in the country. Ginwala also chauffeured [[Natal Indian Congress|NIC (Natal Indian Congress)]] leaders [[Monty Naicker]] and J. N. Singh, who were operating from the underground after managing to dodge the police swoop. Their instructions were to travel around the province and raise money from secret donors in order to support the families left destitute through the arrest of their breadwinners under the SOE which hung over the country for five months.
Using her anonymity, she played a tremendous role in establishing underground escape routes for [[ANC|ANC (African National Congress)]] members in the period following the [[Sharpeville massacre]] and the declaration of the [[State of emergency|State of Emergency]] (SOE) in 1960. These included Deputy-President of the ANC [[Oliver Tambo]] and [[Yusuf Dadoo]], two leaders of the [[liberation movement]]. She also organised [[safe house]]s for those who had to remain in the country. Ginwala also chauffeured [[Natal Indian Congress|NIC (Natal Indian Congress)]] leaders [[Monty Naicker]] and J. N. Singh, who were operating from the underground after managing to dodge the police swoop. Their instructions were to travel around the province and raise money from secret donors in order to support the families left destitute through the arrest of their breadwinners under the SOE which hung over the country for five months.


Eventually she had to leave South Africa in the latter part of 1960 and together with Tambo, and Dadoo, they established an exile ANC office in [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]] which was still under British Colonial Administration until 9 December 1961. The overthrow of the [[regime]] in [[Zanzibar]] in 1963 paved the way for the formation of the [[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]] in 1964. Apart from the ANC, she threw herself in a very broad field of activities. She gave lectures to trainees diplomats at Oxford University, she studied, she wrote for a number of the established media in the UK and elsewhere including the [[BBC]]. Frene Ginwala was instrumental in establishing a communications system in the newly born Republic of Tanzania and Zanzibar. At the request of President [[Julius Nyerere]], she became the [[managing editor]] of the English-speaking daily newspaper Standard, and [[Sunday News (Tanzania)|Sunday News]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history - OPINION {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/frene-ginwala-the-lenin-supplement-and-the-storm-d|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.politicsweb.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=arZan|title=Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history|url=https://parsikhabar.net/history/frene-ginwala-the-lenin-supplement-and-the-storm-drains-of-history/16768/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Parsi Khabar|date=15 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> During the entire period of her [[exile]] (she returned to South Africa in 1991) she traversed the world preaching the horrors of [[apartheid]] and the fight against it.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Frene Ginwala {{!}} Inner Temple|url=https://www.innertemple.org.uk/women-in-law/our-women/frene-ginwala/|access-date=2020-07-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ginwala held academic titles from several universities in Africa and abroad. She was a [[Barrister|barrister at law]]; [[historian]]; a [[Political science|political scientist]], and held a doctorate in [[philosophy]] from [[Linacre College, Oxford|Linacre College]] at Oxford University.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
Eventually she had to leave South Africa in the latter part of 1960 and together with Tambo, and Dadoo, they established an exile ANC office in [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]] which was still under British Colonial Administration until 9 December 1961. The overthrow of the regime in [[Zanzibar]] in 1963 paved the way for the formation of the [[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]] in 1964. Apart from the ANC, she threw herself in a very broad field of activities. She gave lectures to trainee diplomats at Oxford University where she studied for her PhD, she also wrote for a number of the established media outlets in the UK and elsewhere including the [[BBC]]. Frene Ginwala was instrumental in establishing a communications system in the newly established [[United Republic of Tanzania]]. At the request of President [[Julius Nyerere]], she became the [[managing editor]] of the English-speaking daily newspaper Standard, and [[Sunday News (Tanzania)|Sunday News]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history - OPINION {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/frene-ginwala-the-lenin-supplement-and-the-storm-d|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.politicsweb.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=arZan|title=Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history|url=https://parsikhabar.net/history/frene-ginwala-the-lenin-supplement-and-the-storm-drains-of-history/16768/|access-date=2020-07-11|website=Parsi Khabar|date=15 January 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> During the entire period of her [[exile]] (she returned to South Africa in 1991) she traversed the world preaching the horrors of [[apartheid]] and the fight against it.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Frene Ginwala {{!}} Inner Temple|url=https://www.innertemple.org.uk/women-in-law/our-women/frene-ginwala/|access-date=2020-07-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ginwala held academic titles from several universities in Africa and abroad. She was a [[Barrister|barrister at law]]; [[historian]]; a [[Political science|political scientist]], and held a doctorate in [[philosophy]] from [[Linacre College, Oxford|Linacre College]] at Oxford University.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />


In the first democratic national elections of 1994 in South Africa, Frene Ginwala was elected to [[Parliamentary system|Parliament]]. She was nominated by the ANC caucus and elected by parliament as the first woman to the position of Speaker of the House, a position she held from 1994 until 2004.
In the first democratic [[South African elections of 1994|South African elections in 1994]], Frene Ginwala was elected to the [[Parliament of South Africa]]. She was nominated by the ANC caucus and elected by parliament as the [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa]], a position she held from 1994 until 2004.


After retirement as speaker, she continued serving in a number of international organisations including [[United Nations|UN]] subsidiaries, as Trustee of the [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] and as Chancellor of the University of KwaZulu Natal. Ginwala was appointed as the first chancellor of the [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]] in April 2005. At the time, she was one of only four female [[Chancellor (education)|University Chancellors]] in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of KwaZulu Natal |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913122235/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |archivedate=13 September 2007 |accessdate=2007-11-18}} The University of KwaZulu Natal's first chancellor - Dr Frene Ginwala</ref>
After retirement as speaker, she continued serving in a number of international organisations including [[United Nations|UN]] subsidiaries, as Trustee of the [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] and as Chancellor of the [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]. Ginwala was appointed as the first chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in April 2005. At the time, she was one of only four female university chancellors in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of KwaZulu Natal |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913122235/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/ukznchancellor.asp |archivedate=13 September 2007 |accessdate=2007-11-18}} The University of KwaZulu Natal's first chancellor - Dr Frene Ginwala</ref>


President [[Thabo Mbeki]] appointed Ginwala on 30 September 2007 to conduct the enquiry into National Director of Public Prosecutions [[Vusi Pikoli]]'s fitness to hold office.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20070930082915337C878534 Ginwala appointed to investigate Pikoli] IOL</ref> She decided generally in favour of Pikoli, but criticised poor communication between departments. She also criticised the Director General of the [[Department of Justice and Constitutional Development]], Advocate [[Menzi Simelane]], whose testimony was contradictory, and without basis in fact or Law.<ref>[http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 Report of the enquiry into the fitness of Advocate VP Pikoli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817110831/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 |date=17 August 2010 }} ''info.gov.za''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Pikoli should be restored to office" - Frene Ginwala - NEWS & ANALYSIS {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/pikoli-should-be-restored-to-office--frene-ginwala|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> She also had harsh words for [[Jacob Zuma]] on his subsequent appointment of Simelane to National Director of Public Prosecutions.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20091206132433660C538180 Zuma failing to lead by example - Ginwala] ''IOL''</ref>
[[South African President|South African president]] [[Thabo Mbeki]] appointed Ginwala on 30 September 2007 to conduct the enquiry into National Director of Public Prosecutions [[Vusi Pikoli]]'s fitness to hold office.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20070930082915337C878534 Ginwala appointed to investigate Pikoli] IOL</ref> She decided generally in favour of Pikoli, but criticised poor communication between departments. She also criticised the Director General of the [[Department of Justice and Constitutional Development]], Advocate [[Menzi Simelane]], whose testimony was contradictory, and without basis in fact or Law.<ref>[http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 Report of the enquiry into the fitness of Advocate VP Pikoli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817110831/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=93423 |date=17 August 2010 }} ''info.gov.za''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Pikoli should be restored to office" - Frene Ginwala - NEWS & ANALYSIS {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/pikoli-should-be-restored-to-office--frene-ginwala|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.politicsweb.co.za}}</ref> She also had harsh words for president [[Jacob Zuma]] on his subsequent appointment of Simelane to National Director of Public Prosecutions.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20091206132433660C538180 Zuma failing to lead by example - Ginwala] ''IOL''</ref>


She died on 12 January 2023 from complications of a stroke two weeks earlier.<ref name=":3" />
She died on 12 January 2023 from complications of a stroke two weeks earlier.<ref name=":3" />

Revision as of 11:33, 13 January 2023

Frene Ginwala
Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa
In office
9 May 1994 – 12 July 2004
PresidentNelson Mandela
Vice President
F.W. De Klerk
(Former State President)

Thabo Mbeki

DeputyBaleka Mbete
(1996-2004)
Preceded byGene Louw
(Speaker of House of Assembly)
Succeeded byBaleka Mbete
Chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal
In office
April 2005 – September 2007
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byZweli Mkhize
Member of the Parliament of South Africa
(National Assembly of South Africa)
Incumbent
Assumed office
1994-2004
ConstituencyKwaZulu-Natal
Personal details
Born
Frene Noshir Ginwala

(1932-04-25)25 April 1932
Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa
(now Johannesburg, Gauteng)
Died12 January 2023(2023-01-12) (aged 90)
CitizenshipSouth Africa
Political partyAfrican National Congress
Residence(s)Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Alma materUniversity of Oxford
Profession
  • Journalist
  • politician
  • anti-apartheid activist

Frene Noshir Ginwala (25 April 1932 - 12 January 2023)[1][2] was a South African journalist and politician who was the first Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa from 1994 to 2004.[3] She was influential in the writing of the Constitution of South Africa and an important figure in establishing democracy in South Africa.[3]

Biography

Born in Johannesburg, on 25 April 1932, Ginwala was an Indian South African from the Parsi-Indian community of western India.[3]

Ginwala has written a number of books dealing with various aspects of the struggle against injustice.[4][5] For her efforts, she has been honoured by international and local institutions and governments.[6][7][8]

Using her anonymity, she played a tremendous role in establishing underground escape routes for ANC (African National Congress) members in the period following the Sharpeville massacre and the declaration of the State of Emergency (SOE) in 1960. These included Deputy-President of the ANC Oliver Tambo and Yusuf Dadoo, two leaders of the liberation movement. She also organised safe houses for those who had to remain in the country. Ginwala also chauffeured NIC (Natal Indian Congress) leaders Monty Naicker and J. N. Singh, who were operating from the underground after managing to dodge the police swoop. Their instructions were to travel around the province and raise money from secret donors in order to support the families left destitute through the arrest of their breadwinners under the SOE which hung over the country for five months.

Eventually she had to leave South Africa in the latter part of 1960 and together with Tambo, and Dadoo, they established an exile ANC office in Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika which was still under British Colonial Administration until 9 December 1961. The overthrow of the regime in Zanzibar in 1963 paved the way for the formation of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964. Apart from the ANC, she threw herself in a very broad field of activities. She gave lectures to trainee diplomats at Oxford University where she studied for her PhD, she also wrote for a number of the established media outlets in the UK and elsewhere including the BBC. Frene Ginwala was instrumental in establishing a communications system in the newly established United Republic of Tanzania. At the request of President Julius Nyerere, she became the managing editor of the English-speaking daily newspaper Standard, and Sunday News.[9][10] During the entire period of her exile (she returned to South Africa in 1991) she traversed the world preaching the horrors of apartheid and the fight against it.[11] Ginwala held academic titles from several universities in Africa and abroad. She was a barrister at law; historian; a political scientist, and held a doctorate in philosophy from Linacre College at Oxford University.[11][7]

In the first democratic South African elections in 1994, Frene Ginwala was elected to the Parliament of South Africa. She was nominated by the ANC caucus and elected by parliament as the Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa, a position she held from 1994 until 2004.

After retirement as speaker, she continued serving in a number of international organisations including UN subsidiaries, as Trustee of the Nelson Mandela Foundation and as Chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Ginwala was appointed as the first chancellor of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in April 2005. At the time, she was one of only four female university chancellors in South Africa.[12]

South African president Thabo Mbeki appointed Ginwala on 30 September 2007 to conduct the enquiry into National Director of Public Prosecutions Vusi Pikoli's fitness to hold office.[13] She decided generally in favour of Pikoli, but criticised poor communication between departments. She also criticised the Director General of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development, Advocate Menzi Simelane, whose testimony was contradictory, and without basis in fact or Law.[14][15] She also had harsh words for president Jacob Zuma on his subsequent appointment of Simelane to National Director of Public Prosecutions.[16]

She died on 12 January 2023 from complications of a stroke two weeks earlier.[2]

Honors

References

  1. ^ "GCIS: Profile information: Frene Noshir Ginwala, Dr". Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "President mourns passing of Dr Frene Ginwala, founding Speaker of Parliament". The Presidency Republic of South Africa. 13 January 2023. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Frene Ginwala from South African History Online. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
  4. ^ Ginwala, Frene. (2006). Africa's unfinished agenda : the legacy of Kwame Nkrumah. University of Cape Coast. OCLC 701814085.
  5. ^ GINWALA, FRENE N. (January 1968). "Zanzibar: Background to Revolution". African Affairs. 67 (266): 74–75. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095705. ISSN 1468-2621.
  6. ^ Mafika (28 July 2014). "Ginwala helped shape South Africa's history". Brand South Africa. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  7. ^ a b sudo (6 September 2018). "Rt. Hon. Dr. Frene Noshir Ginwala". University of Cape Coast. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Mbeki in Japan for conference on African development,"[permanent dead link‍] The Citizen. 27 May 2008.
  9. ^ "Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history - OPINION | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  10. ^ arZan (15 January 2018). "Frene Ginwala, the Lenin supplement, and the storm drains of history". Parsi Khabar. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  11. ^ a b "Frene Ginwala | Inner Temple". Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  12. ^ "University of KwaZulu Natal". Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007. The University of KwaZulu Natal's first chancellor - Dr Frene Ginwala
  13. ^ Ginwala appointed to investigate Pikoli IOL
  14. ^ Report of the enquiry into the fitness of Advocate VP Pikoli Archived 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine info.gov.za
  15. ^ ""Pikoli should be restored to office" - Frene Ginwala - NEWS & ANALYSIS | Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  16. ^ Zuma failing to lead by example - Ginwala IOL
  17. ^ "Previous laureates of the North-South Prize". North-South Centre. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
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