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==Biography==
==Biography==
===Early life===
===Early life===
[[File:Filhos de D. Maria Isabel da Baviera e D. Pedro Henrique de Orleans e Bragança.jpg|thumb|Bertrand (third, from right) with his mother and siblings, 1957]]
The third son of [[Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza]] and [[Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria]], his elder brothers are, in order, [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]] who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian [[throne]] in order to marry a commoner.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
The third son of [[Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza]] and [[Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria]], his elder brothers are, in order, [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]] who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian [[throne]] in order to marry a commoner.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}


Revision as of 19:24, 14 January 2023

Bertrand
Bertrand in 2011.
Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed)
Tenure15 July 2022 – present
PredecessorLuiz of Orléans-Braganza
Heir presumptiveAntônio of Orléans-Braganza
Born (1941-02-02) 2 February 1941 (age 83)
Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Vichy France
Names
Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança
HouseOrléans-Braganza
FatherPedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
MotherPrincess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança; 2 February 1941, in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Vichy France) is the head of the Vassouras branch of the House of Orléans-Braganza and one of two claimants to the defunct Brazilian throne. He succeeded his brother Luiz of Orléans-Braganza to the claim on 15 July 2022. The Vassouras branch claims the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans-Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza. Although Bertrand and Pedro Carlos respectively were and are great-grandchildren of Isabel, Princess Imperial (daughter of Emperor Pedro II), of the House of Braganza, they disputed leadership over the Brazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins.

Biography

Early life

Bertrand (third, from right) with his mother and siblings, 1957

The third son of Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, his elder brothers are, in order, Luiz of Orléans-Braganza who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian throne in order to marry a commoner.[citation needed]

As with his two elder brothers, Bertrand was born in southern France, 1941, even though the exile imposed on the family had already been revoked, in 1920, due to the Second World War. He came to Brazil after the end of the conflict.[citation needed]

In Brazil, the family settled first in the Grão-Pará Palace in the state of Rio de Janeiro,[citation needed][dubious – discuss] where he carried out part of his secondary studies in the Jesuit St. Ignatius College. Later his family moved to Paraná, where his father bought a farm and Bertrand spent his childhood. When he was 18 years old, he went to São Paulo, where he achieved a bachelor's degree in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo in 1964. He still lives in São Paulo.[citation needed]

Education and beliefs

From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.[citation needed] His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the Second Vatican Council, when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. Civil pilot, is a reservist of the Brazilian Air Force.[citation needed]

Bertrand is a Traditionalist Catholic and a member of Tradition, Family and Property,[1] of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leader Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,[2] seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."[This quote needs a citation] His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.[citation needed]

Besides Portuguese, his native language, Bertrand is fluent in French and Spanish.[citation needed]

Later life

He is not married and has no issue, so his dynastic heir is his younger brother, Antonio of Orléans-Braganza, who is married to a Belgian aristocrat, Princess Christine of Ligne, with issue.[citation needed]

Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.[2] They both played main roles during the campaign for the 1993 plebiscite, which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government (presidential or parliamentary) and which form of state organization (republic or constitutional monarchy) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.[3][4]

Roles

In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator and spokesman of the movement Paz no Campo (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.[5][6]

As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,[7] with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.[8] He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,[9] in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.[10] In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on RedeTV!, gaining notoriety with the general public.[11] On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the program The Noite com Danilo Gentili, currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.[12] Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.[13]

Political opinions

Bertrand supports typically conservative ideas: he opposes same-sex marriage, favours the illegality of abortion in all cases and is against the demarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil.[14] He has also criticised the progressivism of Pope Francis, although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.[citation needed]

He is a climate change denialist and published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("Environmental Psychosis"), dealing with what he calls "the hoaxes created by radical environmentalists and by eco-terrorists".[15][16]

Honours

As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:[17]

Bertrand has also received other honours:[17]

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ "Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America Archived 15 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine", TFP.org, 30 April 2001
  2. ^ a b Brooke, James (12 November 1989). "A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  3. ^ "1993 Brazilian Plebiscite Archived 1 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine" by Scott Bailey, UCSD
  4. ^ 1993 Human Rights Report Archived 11 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine, US State Department, 31 January 1994
  5. ^ "Blog de D. Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança". Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  6. ^ Paz no campo significa "tolerância zero" com o MST e congêneres. In: Catolicismo, May 2007
  7. ^ "New Plan to Fix Brazil's Royal Mess: Restore the Monarchy". The Wall Street Journal. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  8. ^ "'República está com dias contados', dizem monarquistas após protestos". BBC. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Monarchical meeting gather 250 people in Flamengo". O Globo. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Prince Imperial of Brazil visits São Vicente". O Globo. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  11. ^ "Mariana Godoy receive Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança". Rede TV!. 27 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  12. ^ "Danilo Gentili recebe o Príncipe Dom Bertrand no The Noite". SBT. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  13. ^ Instituto Paraná Pesquisas
  14. ^ "Monarquistas ocupam cargos em Brasília e reabilitam grupo católico ultraconservador" [Monarchists occupy posts in Brasília and rehabilitate ultraconservative Catholic group]. BBC Brasil. 4 April 2019.
  15. ^ ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. Psicose Ambientalista Archived 28 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. IPCO, 2012.
  16. ^ Miguel, Jean Carlos Hochsprung (13 April 2022). "The "mesh" of climate denialism and the obstruction of environmental governmentalization in Brazil". Sociedade e Estado (in Portuguese). 37: 293–315. doi:10.1590/s0102-6992-202237010013. ISSN 0102-6992. S2CID 248170487.
  17. ^ a b Pró-Monarquia. (2022). Anuário da Casa Imperial do Brasil. São Paulo: Pró-Monarquia, 25.
  18. ^ MARIE, Michelle (2012) (in Portuguese). Cavaleiros na Ordem Eqüestre do Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalém[permanent dead link‍].
  19. ^ Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército (in Portuguese).
  20. ^ "Autarcas Monárquicos de Portugal". Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
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Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Orléans
Born: 2 February 1941
Preceded by Head of the Imperial House of Brazil
(disputed)
15 July 2022 – present 		Incumbent
Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Emperor of Brazil
One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne
15 July 2022 – present
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1889 		Incumbent
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