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Coordinates: 48°41′27″N 38°04′27″E / 48.69083°N 38.07417°E / 48.69083; 38.07417
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| partof = the [[Battle of Donbas (2022)|Battle of Donbas]] in the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
| partof = the [[Battle of Donbas (2022)|Battle of Donbas]] in the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
| image = Battle of Soledar, September 25, 2022.jpg
| image = Battle of Soledar, September 25, 2022.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| place = [[Soledar]], Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
| place = [[Soledar]], Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
| date = 3 August 2022 – 16 January 2023<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=8|day1=03|year=2022}})
| date = 3 August 2022 – 16 January 2023<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=8|day1=03|year=2022}})
| coordinates = {{Coord|48|41|27|N|38|04|27|E|region:UA-14_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|48|41|27|N|38|04|27|E|region:UA-14_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| result = Russian victory<ref>https://todaytimeslive.com/world/199313.html</ref>
| result = Pyrric Russian victory<ref>https://todaytimeslive.com/world/199313.html</ref>
* Russia captures [[Bakhmutske]] and the city of Soledar.
* Russia captures [[Bakhmutske]] and the city of Soledar.
| combatant1 = {{flag|Russia}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|Russia}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
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| casualties1 = Hundreds killed<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/13/russia-says-its-forces-have-taken-control-of-ukraines-soledar | title=Moscow claims control of Soledar but Kyiv says fighting continues }}</ref><br>'''Ukrainian claim:'''<br>~10,000-20,000+ killed in Soledar and [[Bakhmut]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/russia-may-lost-20-000-222200152.html | title=Russia may have lost 20,000 troops near Bakhmut and Soledar, Zelenskyy's adviser says }}</ref>
| casualties1 = Hundreds killed<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/13/russia-says-its-forces-have-taken-control-of-ukraines-soledar | title=Moscow claims control of Soledar but Kyiv says fighting continues }}</ref><br>'''Ukrainian claim:'''<br>~10,000-20,000+ killed in Soledar and [[Bakhmut]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/russia-may-lost-20-000-222200152.html | title=Russia may have lost 20,000 troops near Bakhmut and Soledar, Zelenskyy's adviser says }}</ref>
| casualties2 = Hundreds killed<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/13/russia-says-its-forces-have-taken-control-of-ukraines-soledar | title=Moscow claims control of Soledar but Kyiv says fighting continues }}</ref><br>'''Russian claim:'''<br>25,000+ casualties<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/politics/1561093 | title=Ukraine lost about 25,000 people in struggle for Soledar — ex-LPR envoy to Russia }}</ref><br>(500+ claimed killed by PMC Wagner<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-wagner-group-says-soledar-liberated-around-500-ukrainians-killed-2023-01-11/ | title=Russia's Wagner Group claims 'liberation' of Soledar, says about 500 Ukrainians killed | newspaper=Reuters | date=11 January 2023 }}</ref>)
| casualties2 = Hundreds killed<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/1/13/russia-says-its-forces-have-taken-control-of-ukraines-soledar | title=Moscow claims control of Soledar but Kyiv says fighting continues }}</ref><br>'''Russian claim:'''<br>25,000+ casualties<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/politics/1561093 | title=Ukraine lost about 25,000 people in struggle for Soledar — ex-LPR envoy to Russia }}</ref><br>(500+ claimed killed by PMC Wagner<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-wagner-group-says-soledar-liberated-around-500-ukrainians-killed-2023-01-11/ | title=Russia's Wagner Group claims 'liberation' of Soledar, says about 500 Ukrainians killed | newspaper=Reuters | date=11 January 2023 }}</ref>)
| casualties3 =
| casualties3 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
}}
}}

Revision as of 15:41, 16 January 2023

Battle of Soledar
Part of the Battle of Donbas in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Date3 August 2022 – 16 January 2023
(2 years, 5 months and 5 days)
Location
Soledar, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
48°41′27″N 38°04′27″E / 48.69083°N 38.07417°E / 48.69083; 38.07417
Result

Pyrric Russian victory[1]

  • Russia captures Bakhmutske and the city of Soledar.
Belligerents
 Russia  Ukraine
Commanders and leaders
Russia Yevgeny Prigozhin[2] Andriy Zhovanyk †
Yuriy Yurchik †[3]
Units involved

 Russian Armed Forces

 Armed Forces of Ukraine

Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Hundreds killed[13]
Ukrainian claim:
~10,000-20,000+ killed in Soledar and Bakhmut[14]		 Hundreds killed[15]
Russian claim:
25,000+ casualties[16]
(500+ claimed killed by PMC Wagner[17])

The Battle of Soledar was a battle that consisted of a series of military engagements in and around the city of Soledar during the battle of Donbas in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Background

Main article: Battle of Donbas (2022)

During the eastern Ukraine campaign in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian and separatist forces set their sights on seizing the Donbas region, consisting of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. Parts of these oblasts, including their capitals with the same names, were seized in pro-Russian uprisings in 2014. In late June and early July 2022, Luhansk oblast fell under Russian control following the Ukrainian withdrawal from Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk.[18] The battlefield then shifted towards the cities of Bakhmut, Siversk, and Soledar, all key towns in Donetsk Oblast.

The first shelling in Soledar began on 17 May, when Russian forces used drones and planes against Soledar, Klinove, and Vovchoiarivka.[19] The next day, Donetsk Oblast governor Pavlo Kyrylenko said Russian forces had closed within 20 kilometers of Soledar, while shelling the town along with Bakhmut and Kostiantynivka. The Russian Ministry of Defense claimed Ukrainian ammunition warehouses were destroyed in Soledar during these campaigns.[20] On 20 May, a Russian missile had hit and damaged Artemsil saltworks.[21] By the end of May, Russian forces had only advanced 4 kilometers towards Soledar.[22]

On 1 June, Russian shelling killed one person and wounded two others.[23] Shelling continued on 6 June.[24] On 16 June, Russian forces attempted to advance towards Soledar, but made no notable gains.[25] Fighting intensified in early July after the fall of Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk, with Russian forces shelling Soledar, Bakhmut, and nearby towns on 3 July, along with advancing multiple kilometers.[26] [27] Through the rest of July, shelling and small Russian assaults continued. On the night of 9–10 July, "a dozen missiles" struck the cultural center in Soledar, with fires burning for days, as no firefighters responded.[28] The Vuhlehirska power plant was captured on 26 July, effectively making Soledar the next key target along that axis.[29][30]

Before the invasion, there were 15,000 inhabitants in Soledar. By late July, there were around 2,000 people remaining. The Soledar Salt Mine, shelled many times, had closed.[28]

On 2 August, prominent Ukrainian nationalist and military officer Andriy Zhovanyk died in battle near Soledar. Reportedly, he died while serving as a company commander of the 4th tactical group of the Right Sector Ukrainian Volunteer Corps.[11][31]

Battle

Initial stages (3 August – 1 October 2022)

On 3 August, the Ukrainian army announced that Russian forces had begun an offensive against the city of Soledar. Russian forces began shelling Soledar, Bakhmut, and surrounding villages to the south and east of the towns. Pro-Russian media claimed that the renewed offensive had breached defense lines to the east and southeast, although these claims were denied by Ukrainian officials. Later that week, Russian and separatist forces had taken partial-to-full control of the Knauf Gips Donbas gypsum factory southeast of the city center.[32][33] On 10 August, Russian forces also advanced in the Bilokamyanskyi refractory plant.[34] The separatists said they had entered Soledar proper on 11 August, but the Ukrainians did not confirm this.[35] The fighting in Soledar was described in the media as "grueling" and typified by artillery duels between troops entrenched around strategic points, located near hedgerows and tree lines along swathes of farmland, all while civilians fled to underground shelters and basements to avoid bombardment.[36][37]

On 16 August, airstrikes and ground engagements continued around Soledar, and the LPR separatists claimed to have controlled most of the city's industrial zone, but there was no evidence they had advanced beyond the gypsum factory.[38] On 19 August, shelling and clashes between the Ukrainian defenders and elements of the LPR forces continued on the eastern outskirts of the city, as the Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian troops were attacking from the Stryapivka and Volodymyrivka directions.[39] The Ukrainian General Staff reported it repelled Russian assaults near Soledar on 27 August.[40] Clashes near the gypsum plant continued by 31 August.[41]

On 8 September, Ukraine said it repelled another Russian assault in Soledar, while Russian sources claimed that Russian and DPR forces had advanced into Soledar's residential areas and were clashing with Ukrainian defenders.[42] On 10 September, Russian sources claimed that the Russians had captured several blocks of territory around the gypsum factory.[43]

Frontline stalls (2 October – 27 December 2022)

Repeated local Russian assaults on or near Soledar continued into October, with the Ukrainian General Staff reporting it repelled numerous assaults on Soledar throughout the month.[44][45][46] On 19–20 October, Russian sources reported ongoing clashes in Soledar's industrial zone and that Russian troops had made minimal gains in the last five days.[47][48] On 22–24 October, Russian sources reported the capture of an unspecified key street in the Soledar direction amid reports of ongoing house-to-house clashes in the area, particularly on Soledar's southeastern outskirts. The claims of Russian gains were not independently verified at the time.[49][50]

Clashes in the Soledar-Bakhmut area reportedly intensified in early November, as Wagner Group troops attempted to break Ukrainian defense lines in the area, seeking to encapsulate Bakhmut. The Ukrainians said they were repelling dozens of Russian attacks per day as the Soledar-Bakhmut-Donetsk city front became the epicenter of fighting in Ukraine, according to Ukrainian Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar.[51][52] Despite this, the Russians made no notable gains in Soledar by 8 November.[53] Clashes along the Soledar-Bakhmut front continued into December, with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy referring to the fighting on 3 December as "the hottest, most painful. We do everything to help our boys in this direction."[54] On 14–16 December, Russian sources claimed that Wagner fighters had concluded clearing operations in Yakovlika, allowing for further assaults along Soledar's northeastern flank.[55] The capture of Yakovlika prompted Ukraine to deploy a reserve battalion to Soledar to reinforce the front line, according to an LPR military officer.[56]

By late December 2022, much of the fighting in the region centered around Bakhmut, with Soledar seen as a satellite stronghold protecting the city's northeastern flank and supply lines. Much of Soledar had been reduced to ruins amid continuous Russian shelling, air strikes, and minor ground assaults against Ukrainian resistance.[57] Russian forces captured the village of Bakhmutske on December 27.[58] On 29 December, Ukrainian presidential adviser Oleksii Arestovych said Ukraine was suffering "heavy troop losses" along the Soledar-Bakhmut front, although insisted Russia was suffering even higher casualties.[59]

Russian breakthrough & victory (27 December 2022 – 16 January 2023)

Following the capture of Bakhmutske by Russian forces on 27 December,[58] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces seized the Dekonskaya railway station on the southern outskirts of Soledar on 4 January.[60] On 5 January 2023, the Russian Ministry of Defence claimed to have pushed Ukrainian forces back to the Soledar Salt Mine, although this claim could not be independently verified.[61] The Ukrainian General Staff claimed there were seventy-six artillery assaults on Soledar on 7 January alone, with the 46th Airmobile Brigade defending much of the town.[62][63] On 9 January, Ukrainian Colonel Yuriy Yurchik was killed by artillery fire while defending Soledar.[64]

On 10 January, Wagner Group leader Yevgeny Prigozhin claimed Russian forces were in full control of Soledar, although this claim could not be independently verified at the time.[65] On the same day, the Institute for Study of War reported that Russians have not captured all of Soledar, and that the Russian claims regarding capture of the town were false.[66] On 11 January, Prigozhin posted a picture of himself and other Wagner officers in the salt mine and proclaimed Russian forces where in control of the settlement. However, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense disputed this and on the ground reporting by media, along with satellite imaging, supports that Russia did not fully control Soledar.[67][68][69] However, the Institute for the Study of War (ISW), an American based think tank, reported that Russia had likely captured Soledar on 11 January.[70] On 12 January, Prigozhin again proclaimed that Russia had taken control of all of Soledar. However, this time he was joined with the Russian Ministry of Defense in the proclamation, as unlike the previous two times, this time Russian forces had succeeded in securing portions of the settlement's center. The Russian ministry subsequently credited Wagner for its part in the battle.[71] Ukraine has continued to deny Russia has control of the settlement stating that pockets still existed in the center, as well as full Ukrainian control of the western portion of the settlement.[72][73][74][75][76] Ukrainian Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar wrote on Telegram that "battles continue [in Soledar]", and that Ukrainian fighters were "bravely trying to maintain the defence."[77] Zelenskyy then thanked the 46th and 77th Airmobile Brigades for their defense of the city.[77]

Ukrainian officials denied Russian claims of victory as of 13 January, saying fighting is still going on in the city.[78]

On 14 January, the Institute for the Study of War’s stated that Ukrainian forces controlled territory in the Soledar administrative area, including a mine on the westernmost outskirts of the town but no positions in the settlement of Soledar itself. Ukrainian footage, that has been geolocated, indicate that Ukrainians hold positions outside of Soledar. The ISW could not confirm who holds the rail station.[79]

On 16 January, The Kyiv Independent reported that Russian troops control administrative territory of Soledar based on Ukrainian military source. Ukrainian drone unit commander Robert “Magyar” Brovdy said that Russia has captured the last industrial zone near mine number 7 which was previously held by Ukrainian troops.[80]

Casualties

Destroyed houses in Soledar

On 9 January, two British nationals working with a humanitarian aid agency, Andrew Bagshaw and Christopher Parry, went missing while driving from Kramatorsk to Soledar.[81] On 11 January, Wagner Group said the body of one of the aid workers was found and passports belonging to both of them were discovered with him. Russian telegram channels claim the body belonged to Christopher Parry but it has not been independently verified.[82]

Military casualties

In an interview with CNN, a Ukrainian soldier from 46th Airmobile Brigade revealed that the death toll was very high and the ranks of Ukrainian troops are being replenished. He added that "in Soledar, no one counts the dead".[83] On 11 January, Ukrainian presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak described the fighting ongoing at Bakhmut and Soledar as the bloodiest since the start of the invasion.[84] On 12 January, Wagner Group founder claimed Wagner forces have killed around 500 Ukrainian soldiers in Soledar. He added, "The whole city is littered with the corpses of Ukrainian soldiers."[85] On 13 January, Russian forces claimed to have killed 700 Ukrainian soldiers in Soledar over the past three days alone, and suffered 25,000+ casualties over the course of the five-month battle.[86][87]

On 13 January, Ukraine claimed to have killed over 100 Russian soldiers in the Soledar area using various special forces, artillery and a Tochka-U missile.[88] The Ukrainian government stated that Russian troops were advancing over the corpses of their compatriots in Soledar.[89]

Civilian casualties

The Ukrainian regional governor Pavlo Kyrylenko said that "559 civilians including 15 children" remained in the city and could not be evacuated.[90]

Analysis

The Institute for the Study of War (ISW), a U.S.-based think tank that has monitored the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, assessed on 8 August 2022 that Russian forces were likely seeking to envelop Bakhmut by capturing Soledar, located north of the city, and Zaitseve, south of Bakhmut. The Russians wanted to set conditions to disrupt Ukrainian control over the T0513 trunk road that supports Ukrainian frontline positions in northeast Donetsk Oblast, the ISW continued.[91]

Following the capture of Bakhmutske and lack of momentum in Bakhmut, analysts believed Russia would transfer troops to launch an attack on Soledar in early January.[92][93] The British Ministry of Defence stated on 10 January that Russia "likely" controlled almost all of Soledar, and the top Russian priority was control of the tunnels leading into the Soledar Salt Mine.[94] On 13 January, Ukrainian Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov called the fighting "very difficult" and said aggressive tactics by PMC Wagner mercenaries resulted in high causalities. Reznikov said he believed Wagner were fighting for control of the mineral wealth offered by the mines in the region.[95]

In January 2023, analysts dismissed the strategic value of Soledar, assessing that a Russian victory in the town would be a pyrrhic at best.[96] John Kirby of the U.S. National Security Council said on 12 January that "even if both Bakhmut and Soledar fall to the Russians, it's not going to have a strategic impact on the war itself".[77]

See also

References

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  79. ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, JANUARY 14, 2023". ISW. 14 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  80. ^ "Ukrainian military source: Russia controls administrative territory of Soledar". The Kyiv Independent. 15 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  81. ^ "Two British men missing in Ukraine, says Foreign Office". the Guardian. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  82. ^ Ensor, Josie; Coen, Susie (11 January 2023). "Body of missing British aid worker found in Ukraine, say Russian mercenaries". The Telegraph.
  83. ^ "January 10, 2023 Russia-Ukraine news". 10 January 2023.
  84. ^ "Fighting for Soledar and Bakhmut is the 'Bloodiest' of the War". Kyiv Post. 11 January 2023.
  85. ^ "Russia's Wagner Group claims 'liberation' of Soledar, says about 500 Ukrainians killed". Reuters. 11 January 2023.
  86. ^ "Russian troops complete liberation of Soledar, top brass reports". TASS. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  87. ^ "Ukrainian hospitals overflowing with troops from Soledar — Russian special forces officer". TASS. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  88. ^ "Ukraine claims to have killed more than 100 Russians in missile strike". news.com.au. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  89. ^ "FLASHPOINT UKRAINE: Ukraine Says Russians Moving Over Own Corpses in Soledar". VOA. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  90. ^ "Russia claims control of salt mine town Soledar". bbc.com. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
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  92. ^ ERR, ERR, ERR News | (6 January 2023). "Intelligence chief: Second Russian call-up likely after Orthodox Christmas". ERR. Retrieved 6 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  94. ^ "Ukraine war: Russia controls most of pounded salt mine town, Soledar, says UK". BBC News. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
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