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アナログ	デジタル	放送局
6	TV011-013	HBC北海道放送
2	TV021-023	NHK 室蘭 Eテレ
8	TV031-032	NHK室蘭総合
7	TV051-053	STV札幌テレビ放送
4	TV061-063	HTB北海道テレビ放送
5	TV071-073	TVhテレビ北海道
3	TV081-082	UHB北海道文化放送
1		V☆パラダイス
9	TV111	とまこまいチャンネル
11		テレ朝チャンネル
12		朝日ニュースター
視聴可	BS101-102	NHK BS1
	BS103-104	NHKBSプレミアム
	BS141-143	BS日テレ
	BS151-153	BS朝日
	BS161-163	BS-TBS
	BS171-173	BSテレ東
	BS181-183	BSフジ
?	BS191	WOWOW
	BS200	スター・チャンネル1
	BS211	BS11
	BS222	TwellV（トゥエルビ）
	700	チャンネル700
	709	放送大学
10	710	ショップチャンネル
	711	QVC
	720	食と旅のフーディーズTV
	721	フジテレビTWO
15	722	旅チャンネル・MONDO TV
13	723	大人の趣味と生活向上◆アクトオンTV
	724	囲碁・将棋チャンネル
	725	LaLa TV
	726	ディズニー・チャンネル
	727	ディズニーXD
	728	フジテレビNEXT
	729	アニメシアターX
	730	J sports 3
	731	J sports 1
	732	J sports 2
	733	J sports 4
	734	スカイ・A
12	735	GAORA
	737	ゴルフネットワーク
	738	ザ・ゴルフ・チャンネル
	739	フジテレビONE
œ	740	FIGHTING TV サムライ
	741	釣りビジョン
	742	サスペンスシアター FOXCRIME
	751	ファミリー劇場
	752	日本映画専門チャンネル
	753	時代劇専門チャンネル
	754	FOX
17	755	スーパー!ドラマTV
18	756	ムービープラス
20	757	AXN
21	758	ミステリチャンネル
22	759	ザ・シネマ
50	760	スター・チャンネル1
	761	スター・チャンネル2
	762	スター・チャンネル3
51	763	衛星劇場
52	764	東映チャンネル
	765	TBSチャンネル
	768	ホームドラマチャンネル
33	770	スペースシャワーTV
	771	Mnet
	772	MTV
	773	MUSIC ON! TV
	775	クラシカ・ジャパン
	776	TAKARAZUKA SKY STAGE
	777	ミュージック・エア
32	781	キッズステーション
	782	アニマックス
	784	スーパーマリオ
	789	TV5MONDE ^[1]
	790	日経CNBC ^[2]
	791	BBCワールドニュース ^[3]
	792	CNNj
	794	TBSニュース
	796	ディスカバリーチャンネル
	797	アニマルプラネット
	798	ヒストリーチャンネル
	799	ナショナルジオグラフィック
53	810	グリーンチャンネル
	811	グリーンチャンネル2
54	812	SPEEDチャンネル
	950	プレイボーイチャンネル
	951	レインボーチャンネル
	952	ミッドナイト・ブルー
	953	パラダイステレビ
	954	ピンクチェリー
	139	パーフェクト・チョイス139
	150	パワープラッツ
	161	スカチャン161
	162	スカチャン162
	170	スカチャン170
	171	スカチャン171
	172	スカチャン172
	173	スカチャン173
	174	スカチャン174
	175	スカチャン175
	176	スカチャン176
	177	スカチャン177
	178	スカチャン178
	179	スカチャン179
	955	チャンネル・ルビー
	958	TPOT Gaty All-Stars
	959	パワープラッツ・ナイト
	960	パーフェクト・チョイス110
	991～999	自主放送各種
29		チャンネルNECO
34		歌謡ポップスチャンネル
41		日テレジータス
42		日テレNEWS24
43		カートゥーンネットワーク
45		KBS WORLD
47		日テレプラス
55		レジャーチャンネル

In computing, a zombie is a computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker via a computer virus, computer worm, or trojan horse program and can be used to perform malicious tasks under the remote direction of the hacker. Zombie computers often coordinate together in a botnet controlled by the hacker, and are used for activities such as spreading e-mail spam and launching distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS attacks) against web servers. Most victims are unaware that their computers have become zombies. The concept is similar to the zombie of Haitian Voodoo folklore, which refers to a corpse resurrected by a sorcerer via magic and enslaved to the sorcerer's commands, having no free will of its own.^[4] A coordinated DDoS attack by multiple botnet machines also resembles a "zombie horde attack", as depicted in fictional zombie films.

Advertising

Zombie computers have been used extensively to send e-mail spam; as of 2005, an estimated 50–80% of all spam worldwide was sent by zombie computers.^[5] This allows spammers to avoid detection and presumably reduces their bandwidth costs, since the owners of zombies pay for their own bandwidth. This spam also greatly increases the spread of Trojan horses, as Trojans are not self-replicating. They rely on the movement of e-mails or spam to grow, whereas worms can spread by other means.^[6] For similar reasons, zombies are also used to commit click fraud against sites displaying pay-per-click advertising. Others can host phishing or money mule recruiting websites.

Distributed denial-of-service attacks

Zombies can be used to conduct distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, a term which refers to the orchestrated flooding of target websites by large numbers of computers at once. The large number of Internet users making simultaneous requests of a website's server is intended to result in crashing and the prevention of legitimate users from accessing the site.^[7] A variant of this type of flooding is known as distributed degradation-of-service. Committed by "pulsing" zombies, distributed degradation-of-service is the moderated and periodical flooding of websites intended to slow down rather than crash a victim site. The effectiveness of this tactic springs from the fact that intense flooding can be quickly detected and remedied, but pulsing zombie attacks and the resulting slow-down in website access can go unnoticed for months and even years.^[8]

The computing facilitated by Internet of Things (IoT) has been productive for modern day usage but it has played a significant role in the increase in such web attacks. The potential of IoT enables every device to communicate efficiently but this increases the need of policy enforcement regarding the security threats. Through these devices, the most prominent attacking behaviors is the DDoS. Research has been conducted to study the impact of such attacks on IoT networks and their compensating provisions for defense.^[9]

Notable incidents of distributed denial- and degradation-of-service attacks in the past include the attack upon the SPEWS service in 2003, and the one against Blue Frog service in 2006. In 2000, several prominent Web sites (Yahoo, eBay, etc.) were clogged to a standstill by a distributed denial of service attack mounted by ‘MafiaBoy’, a Canadian teenager.

Smartphones

Beginning in July 2009, similar botnet capabilities have also emerged for the growing smartphone market. Examples include the July 2009 in the "wild" release of the Sexy Space text message worm, the world's first botnet capable SMS worm, which targeted the Symbian operating system in Nokia smartphones. Later that month, researcher Charlie Miller revealed a proof of concept text message worm for the iPhone at Black Hat Briefings. Also in July, United Arab Emirates consumers were targeted by the Etisalat BlackBerry spyware program. In the 2010s, the security community is divided as to the real world potential of mobile botnets. But in an August 2009 interview with The New York Times, cyber security consultant Michael Gregg summarized the issue this way: "We are about at the point with [smart]phones that we were with desktops in the '80s."^[10]

References

^ PPW形式（1週間単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。
^ PPM形式（1ヶ月単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。
^ PPY形式（1年単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。
^ "Zombie - Port Security". August 3, 2021.
^ Tom Spring (June 20, 2005). "Spam Slayer: Slaying Spam-Spewing Zombie PCs". PC World. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
^ White, Jay D. (2007). Managing Information in the Public Sector. M.E. Sharpe. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-7656-1748-4.
^ Weisman, Steve (2008). The Truth about Avoiding Scams. FT Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-13-233385-6.
^ Schwabach, Aaron (2006). Internet and the Law. ABC-CLIO. p. 325. ISBN 1-85109-731-7.
^ Lohachab, Ankur; Karambir, Bidhan (September 1, 2018). "Critical Analysis of DDoS—An Emerging Security Threat over IoT Networks". Journal of Communications and Information Networks. 3 (3): 57–78. doi:10.1007/s41650-018-0022-5. ISSN 2509-3312. S2CID 52924506.
^ Furchgott, Roy (August 14, 2009). "Phone Hacking Threat Is Low, but it Exists". Gadgetwise Blog. New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.

External links

[PPW-1] PPW形式（1週間単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。

[PPM-2] PPM形式（1ヶ月単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。

[PPY-3] PPY形式（1年単位での課金形式）。但し、一部のケーブルテレビ局では単にオプションチャンネルやベーシックチャンネルとして配信している。

[4] "Zombie - Port Security". August 3, 2021.

[5] Tom Spring (June 20, 2005). "Spam Slayer: Slaying Spam-Spewing Zombie PCs". PC World. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2015.

[6] White, Jay D. (2007). Managing Information in the Public Sector. M.E. Sharpe. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-7656-1748-4.

[7] Weisman, Steve (2008). The Truth about Avoiding Scams. FT Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-13-233385-6.

[8] Schwabach, Aaron (2006). Internet and the Law. ABC-CLIO. p. 325. ISBN 1-85109-731-7.

[9] Lohachab, Ankur; Karambir, Bidhan (September 1, 2018). "Critical Analysis of DDoS—An Emerging Security Threat over IoT Networks". Journal of Communications and Information Networks. 3 (3): 57–78. doi:10.1007/s41650-018-0022-5. ISSN 2509-3312. S2CID 52924506.

[10] Furchgott, Roy (August 14, 2009). "Phone Hacking Threat Is Low, but it Exists". Gadgetwise Blog. New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.

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v t e Information security
Related security categories	Computer security Automotive security Cybercrime Cybersex trafficking Computer fraud Cybergeddon Cyberterrorism Cyberwarfare Electromagnetic warfare Information warfare Internet security Mobile security Network security Copy protection Digital rights management	vectorial version
Threats	Adware Advanced persistent threat Arbitrary code execution Backdoors Bombs Fork Logic Time Zip Hardware backdoors Code injection Crimeware Cross-site scripting Cross-site leaks DOM clobbering History sniffing Cryptojacking Botnets Data breach Drive-by download Browser Helper Objects Viruses Data scraping Denial-of-service attack Eavesdropping Email fraud Email spoofing Exploits Fraudulent dialers Hacktivism Infostealer Insecure direct object reference Keystroke loggers Malware Payload Phishing Voice Polymorphic engine Privilege escalation Ransomware Rootkits Scareware Shellcode Spamming Social engineering Spyware Software bugs Trojan horses Hardware Trojans Remote access trojans Vulnerability Web shells Wiper Worms SQL injection Rogue security software Zombie
Defenses	Application security Secure coding Secure by default Secure by design Misuse case Computer access control Authentication Multi-factor authentication Authorization Computer security software Antivirus software Security-focused operating system Data-centric security Obfuscation (software) Data masking Encryption Firewall Intrusion detection system Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) Anomaly detection Information security management Information risk management Security information and event management (SIEM) Runtime application self-protection Site isolation

v t e Malware topics
Infectious malware	Comparison of computer viruses Computer virus Computer worm List of computer worms Timeline of computer viruses and worms
Concealment	Backdoor Clickjacking Man-in-the-browser Man-in-the-middle Rootkit Trojan horse Zombie computer
Malware for profit	Adware Botnet Crimeware Fleeceware Form grabbing Fraudulent dialer Infostealer Keystroke logging Malbot Privacy-invasive software Ransomware Rogue security software Scareware Spyware Web threats
By operating system	Android malware Classic Mac OS viruses iOS malware Linux malware MacOS malware Macro virus Mobile malware Palm OS viruses HyperCard viruses
Protection	Anti-keylogger Antivirus software Browser security Data loss prevention software Defensive computing Firewall Internet security Intrusion detection system Mobile security Network security
Countermeasures	Computer and network surveillance Honeypot Operation: Bot Roast