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| image2 = Xenarthra.jpg
| image2 = Xenarthra.jpg
| taxon = Exafroplacentalia
| taxon = Exafroplacentalia
| authority = Waddell et al, 2001
| authority = Waddell et al, 2001<ref name="Waddell2001" />
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
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'''Exafroplacentalia''' or '''Notolegia''' is a [[clade]] of [[Placentalia|placental mammals]] proposed in 2001 on the basis of molecular research.<ref>Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.</ref><ref>Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.</ref>
'''Exafroplacentalia''' or '''Notolegia''' is a [[clade]] of [[Placentalia|placental mammals]] proposed in 2001 on the basis of molecular research.<ref name="Waddell2001">{{Cite journal | last1 = Waddell | first1 = Peter J. | last2 = Kishino | first2 = Hirohisa | last3 = Ota | first3 = Rissa | title = A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics | journal = [[Genome Informatics]] | volume = 12 | pages = 141–154 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11791233 | doi = 10.11234/gi1990.12.141 | url = http://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html}}</ref><ref>Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.</ref><ref>Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.</ref>


Exafroplacentalia places [[Xenarthra]] as a sister group to the [[Boreoeutheria]] (comprising [[Laurasiatheria]] and [[Euarchontoglires]]),<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x| title = Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups| year = 2009| last1 = Goloboff | first1 = Pablo A.| last2 = Catalano | first2 = Santiago A.| last3 = Mirande | first3 = J. Marcos| last4 = Szumik | first4 = Claudia A.| last5 = Arias | first5 = J. Salvador| last6 = Källersjö | first6 = Mari| last7 = Farris | first7 = James S.| journal = [[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]]| volume = 25| issue = 3| pages = 211–230 | pmid = 34879616| doi-access = free}}</ref> thus making Afrotheria a primitive group of placental mammals (the group name roughly means "those which are not African placentals").
Exafroplacentalia places [[Xenarthra]] as a sister group to the [[Boreoeutheria]] (comprising [[Laurasiatheria]] and [[Euarchontoglires]]),<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x| title = Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups| year = 2009| last1 = Goloboff | first1 = Pablo A.| last2 = Catalano | first2 = Santiago A.| last3 = Mirande | first3 = J. Marcos| last4 = Szumik | first4 = Claudia A.| last5 = Arias | first5 = J. Salvador| last6 = Källersjö | first6 = Mari| last7 = Farris | first7 = James S.| journal = [[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]]| volume = 25| issue = 3| pages = 211–230 | pmid = 34879616| doi-access = free}}</ref> thus making Afrotheria a primitive group of placental mammals (the group name roughly means "those which are not African placentals").
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Nikolaev | first1 = Sergey| last2 = Montoya-Burgos | first2 = Juan I.| last3 = Margulies | first3 = Elliott H.| author4 = NISC Comparative Sequencing Program| last5 = Rougemont | first5 = Jacques| last6 = Nyffeler | first6 = Bruno| last7 = Antonarakis | first7 = Stylianos E.| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 | title = Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data | journal = [[PLOS Genetics|PLoS Genetics]]| volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = e2 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17206863| pmc = 1761045}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Nikolaev | first1 = Sergey| last2 = Montoya-Burgos | first2 = Juan I.| last3 = Margulies | first3 = Elliott H.| author4 = NISC Comparative Sequencing Program| last5 = Rougemont | first5 = Jacques| last6 = Nyffeler | first6 = Bruno| last7 = Antonarakis | first7 = Stylianos E.| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 | title = Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data | journal = [[PLOS Genetics|PLoS Genetics]]| volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = e2 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17206863| pmc = 1761045}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Springer | first1 = Mark S.| last2 = Murphy | first2 = William J.| last3 = Eizirik | first3 = Eduardo| last4 = O'Brien | first4 = Stephen J.| title = Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0334222100 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| volume = 100 | issue = 3 | pages = 1056–1061 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12552136| pmc = 298725| doi-access = free}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Springer | first1 = Mark S.| last2 = Murphy | first2 = William J.| last3 = Eizirik | first3 = Eduardo| last4 = O'Brien | first4 = Stephen J.| title = Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0334222100 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| volume = 100 | issue = 3 | pages = 1056–1061 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12552136| pmc = 298725| doi-access = free}}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Waddell | first1 = Peter J.
| last2 = Kishino | first2 = Hirohisa
| last3 = Ota | first3 = Rissa
| title = A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics
| journal = [[Genome Informatics]]
| volume = 12
| pages = 141–154
| year = 2001
| pmid = 11791233
| url = http://www.jsbi.org/pdfs/journal1/GIW01/GIW01F15.html
}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Wildman | first1 = Derek E.| last2 = Chen | first2 = Caoyi| last3 = Erez | first3 = Offer| last4 = Grossman | first4 = Lawrence I.| last5 = Goodman | first5 = Morris| last6 = Romero | first6 = Roberto| title = Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| volume = 103 | issue = 9 | pages = 3203–3208 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16492730| pmc = 1413940| doi-access = free}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Wildman | first1 = Derek E.| last2 = Chen | first2 = Caoyi| last3 = Erez | first3 = Offer| last4 = Grossman | first4 = Lawrence I.| last5 = Goodman | first5 = Morris| last6 = Romero | first6 = Roberto| title = Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 | journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]| volume = 103 | issue = 9 | pages = 3203–3208 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16492730| pmc = 1413940| doi-access = free}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

Revision as of 14:14, 19 January 2023

Exafroplacentalia
Temporal range: Paleocene - Holocene, 65–0 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentalia
Clade: Exafroplacentalia
Waddell et al, 2001[1]
Subgroups

Exafroplacentalia or Notolegia is a clade of placental mammals proposed in 2001 on the basis of molecular research.[1][2][3]

Exafroplacentalia places Xenarthra as a sister group to the Boreoeutheria (comprising Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires),[4] thus making Afrotheria a primitive group of placental mammals (the group name roughly means "those which are not African placentals").

Classification

Eutheria  

Afrotheria

  Exafroplacentalia  

However, this classification makes the autapomorphy (character shared only among Exafroplacentalia) dubious: it is hard to classify a group by the absence of a feature (in this case "not coming from Africa").[5] Hence, several alternative hypotheses can be considered.

Alternative hypotheses

One alternative hypothesis is the Epitheria hypothesis:

Placentalia

Another alternative hypothesis is the Atlantogenata hypothesis:

Eutheria

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin of the three superorders of mammals:[5]

Eutheria

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Waddell, Peter J.; Kishino, Hirohisa; Ota, Rissa (2001). "A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics". Genome Informatics. 12: 141–154. doi:10.11234/gi1990.12.141. PMID 11791233.
  2. ^ Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.
  3. ^ Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.
  4. ^ Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari; Farris, James S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups". Cladistics. 25 (3): 211–230. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x. PMID 34879616.
  5. ^ a b Nishihara, H., Maruyama, S. & Okada, N. 2009. Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of placental mammals. PNAS 106: 5235-40.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Exafroplacentalia&oldid=1134603334"