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|seal_caption =
|seal_caption =
|formed = 1986 (CIRO establishment)
|formed = 1986 (CIRO establishment)
|preceding1 = Research Office (1952)<ref name="STIMSON">{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Tatsumi_%20Japan%27s_Security_Policy_Infrastructure_Final_Version.pdf|title=JAPAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON’S EXPECTATION?|website=stimson.org|date=November 2008}}</ref>
|preceding1 = Research Office (1952)<ref name="STIMSON">{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Tatsumi_%20Japan%27s_Security_Policy_Infrastructure_Final_Version.pdf|title=JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON'S EXPECTATION?|website=stimson.org|date=November 2008}}</ref>
|preceding2 = Cabinet Research Center/Cabinet Research Office (1957)<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312083727/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |archive-date=2008-03-12 |title=Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="STIMSON"/>
|preceding2 = Cabinet Research Center/Cabinet Research Office (1957)<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312083727/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |archive-date=2008-03-12 |title=Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="STIMSON"/>
|dissolved =
|dissolved =
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Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/to-fight-terror-japan-must-fix-its-intelligence-appartus/|title = To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/03/05/commentary/japans-counterterrorism-efforts-falling-short/#.XONj6qRS9PY|title = Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short|date = 5 March 2016}}</ref>
Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/to-fight-terror-japan-must-fix-its-intelligence-appartus/|title = To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/03/05/commentary/japans-counterterrorism-efforts-falling-short/#.XONj6qRS9PY|title = Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short|date = 5 March 2016}}</ref>


In 2016, the business magazine [[Facta (magazine)|Facta]] reported that the government of [[Shinzo Abe]] had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to [[David Kaye (academic)|David Kaye]], who as [[United Nations special rapporteur|U.N. special rapporteur]] on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining [[media independence]] in Japan.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Silencing of Japan’s Free Press |last=Fackler |first=Matthew |date=September 13, 2022 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/ |publication-date=May 27, 2016 |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref>
In 2016, the business magazine [[Facta (magazine)|Facta]] reported that the government of [[Shinzo Abe]] had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to [[David Kaye (academic)|David Kaye]], who as [[United Nations special rapporteur|U.N. special rapporteur]] on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining [[media independence]] in Japan.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Silencing of Japan's Free Press |last=Fackler |first=Matthew |date=September 13, 2022 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/ |publication-date=May 27, 2016 |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref>


===Spy scandal===
===Spy scandal===

Revision as of 05:29, 23 January 2023

Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (CIRO)
内閣情報調査室
Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu (Naicho)
Seal of the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office
Agency overview
Formed1986 (CIRO establishment)
Preceding agencies
  • Research Office (1952)[1]
  • Cabinet Research Center/Cabinet Research Office (1957)[2][1]
JurisdictionGovernment of Japan
HeadquartersNagatacho, Tokyo, Japan
Employees170–175
Agency executive
  • Hiroaki Takizawa, Director of Cabinet Intelligence
Parent agencyCabinet Secretariat
Websitewww.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa.html (in Japanese)

The Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (内閣情報調査室, Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu),[3] also known as Naichō (内調), is a Japanese intelligence agency under the Cabinet Secretariat responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information for the cabinet. As a principal member of the Japanese intelligence community, the CIRO reports directly to the Prime Minister.

The agency is said to be an equal to the American Central Intelligence Agency.[4]

Like most intelligence agencies in Japan, its personnel are usually recruited from other agencies.[5] Around 100 out of 170 CIRO agents are from other agencies/ministries with top positions occupied by career police officers.[6]

The CIRO frequently works with the National Security Council as a communication channel to the prime minister. The CIRO is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, in a building called "H20".[7]

History

The CIRO was created by the Allied Forces through the formation of the Prime Ministers's Research Office (内閣総理大臣官房調査室, Naikakusōri Daijin Kanbō Chōsa-Shitsu)[2] in April 1952 with Jun Murai as the first director in an attempt to replicate its structure after the CIA.[6] But due to widespread opposition, this plan was discarded.[6] The RO was placed under jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's office in 1957 and was known as the Cabinet Research Office (内閣調査室, Naikaku Chōsa-Shitsu).[1] The CRO was later renamed as the CIRO in 1986.[1]

The Cabinet Intensive Information Center was established on April 11, 1996 to ensure that the CIRO can inform the Prime Minister in case of severe emergencies.[4] It's located in the Prime Minister's residence.[4]

In August 2007, discussions of intelligence reforms through the paper Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions resulted in the establishment of the Counterintelligence Center.[8] It's been suggested that the CIC can be used as the basis for the creation of an actual external intelligence agency similar to the CIA.[9]

In 2013, CIRO satellite imagery analysis was used to assist NGOs in Tacloban for reconstruction work in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan.[10]

Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.[11][12]

In 2016, the business magazine Facta reported that the government of Shinzo Abe had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to David Kaye, who as U.N. special rapporteur on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining media independence in Japan.[13]

Spy scandal

On January 17, 2008, an official of Naichō was charged for spying for Russians, passing them classified information. The Russians denied the claim.[14] Since then, there had been calls for greater accountability on Naichō.[15]

Organization

Naichō headquarters occupies 6th floor of the Cabinet Office Building

According to its official web site, organization of Naichō is as follows:[16]

  • Director of Cabinet Intelligence (内閣情報官)
  • Deputy Director of Cabinet Intelligence (次長)
  • Cabinet Intelligence Officer
  • Divisions:
    • Administration (総務部門): Has Human Resources, Budget and academic experts.
    • Home Affairs Division (国内部門): Collect information based on domestic media, including newspapers, magazines and from news broadcasts.
    • International Affairs Division (国際部門): Collect information based on foreign media and broadcasts from another country, including CIRO agents based overseas.
    • Economic Affairs Division (経済部門): Studies domestic/international economic information.
  • Cabinet Intensive Information Center (内閣情報集約センター): Secures information related to disasters and other emergencies. Staffed by twenty agents from the Ministry of Defense, National Police Agency, Fire Disaster and Management Agency and the Japan Coast Guard.
  • Cabinet Intelligence Analysts (内閣情報分析官)
  • Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center (内閣衛星情報センター): Operates a network of surveillance satellites, such as the IGS-Optical and IGS-Radar series. As of June 2018, Japan has six functioning observation satellites in orbit.[17] It was established in 2001 and has 320 personnel employed with at least 100 of them being imagery intelligence analysts.[6] The Deputy Director position is filled by a senior officer from the NPA.[18]
  • Situation Center of Cabinet
  • National Counterintelligence Center (カウンターインテリジェンスセンター): Coordinates government action based on the " Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions " policy.
  • Cabinet Counter Terrorism Intelligence Coordination Center

Known heads of Naichō

  • Yoshio Omori[19]
  • Kazuhiro Sugita (Jan. 2001–Apr. 2001)[20]
  • Toshinori Kanemoto (Apr. 2001–Apr. 2006)[21]
  • Hideshi Mitani (Apr. 2006–Apr. 2010)[22]
  • Shinichi Uematsu (Apr. 2010–Dec. 2011)[23]
  • Shigeru Kitamura (Dec. 2011 – September 2019)[7][24]
  • Hiroaki Takizawa (September 2019 – Present)[25][26]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON'S EXPECTATION?" (PDF). stimson.org. November 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency". Archived from the original on 2008-03-12.
  3. ^ "Names of Government Organizations and Positions" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
  4. ^ a b c Andrew Oros (2008-06-09). "Japan's Growing Intelligence Capabilities" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  5. ^ "Abe administration considering creating MI6-style spy agency". 6 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d Davis and Gustafson, page. 183.
  7. ^ a b Gallagher, Ryan (May 19, 2018). "The Untold Story of Japan's Secret Spy Agency". Archived from the original on May 21, 2018.
  8. ^ Davis and Gustafson, page. 188.
  9. ^ 窪田順生 『スピンドクター モミ消しのプロが駆使する「情報操作」の技術』 講談社+α新書 p.101
  10. ^ "2013年11月 フィリピン台風被災状況推定地図 タクロバン周辺全体" (PDF). cas.go.jp.
  11. ^ "To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus".
  12. ^ "Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short". 5 March 2016.
  13. ^ Fackler, Matthew (September 13, 2022), The Silencing of Japan's Free Press, Foreign Policy (published May 27, 2016)
  14. ^ "A Japanese Faces Spy Charges". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  15. ^ "Japan's Cabinet urges tighter controls amid Russian spy scandal". Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  16. ^ "Organizational Structure | Cabinet Secretariat".
  17. ^ "Japan Places Eighth Reconnaissance Satellite in Orbit – Via Satellite -". 13 June 2018.
  18. ^ Dover, Goodman and Hillebrand, page 203
  19. ^ Hiroko Nakata (2007-01-11). "Creating new security system fraught with obstacles". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  20. ^ 内閣危機管理監 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  21. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  22. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  23. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Archived from the original on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  24. ^ "Top Intelligence Post Vacant". Japan Security Watch. Archived from the original on 2016-11-12. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  25. ^ "国家安全保障局長に北村滋氏 谷内氏退任、後任内閣情報官は滝沢氏". 11 September 2019.
  26. ^ "内閣情報官 瀧澤 裕昭（たきざわ ひろあき）｜内閣官房ホームページ".

Bibliography

  • Davies, Philip H.J.; Gustafson, Kristian, eds. (2013). Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1589019560.
  • Dover, Robert; Goodman, Michael S.; Hillebrand, Claudia, eds. (2014). Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1589019560.
  • Samuels, Richard J. (2019). Special Duty: A History of the Japanese Intelligence Community. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1501741586.
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