Jeremy Pemberton (priest): Difference between revisions

The Reverend
Jeremy Pemberton
The Reverend Jeremy Pemberton
Born	1956 (age 68–69)
Alma mater	University of Oxford
Known for	First male Anglican priest to marry another man
Spouse	Laurence (m. 2014)
Religion	Christianity (Anglicanism)
Church	Church of England

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Jeremy Charles Baring Pemberton (born 1956^[1]) is a British Anglican priest who was the first priest in the Church of England to enter into a same-sex marriage when he married another man in 2014. As same-sex marriages are not accepted by the church (its canon law defines marriage as between one man and one woman), he was denied a job as a chaplain for the National Health Service by John Sentamu, the Archbishop of York. Before then, he had been an Anglican priest for 33 years.

He sued the church on employment discrimination grounds. However, a tribunal upheld his dismissal, saying that being a chaplain meant that Pemberton had to uphold the church's views on marriage. The tribunal also said that the Equality Act in England and Wales allowed for religious exemptions to laws that protect people from being fired because of their sexual orientation. The dismissal was upheld on appeal by the Court of Appeal in 2018.

Early life and ordained ministry

Pemberton was born in 1956. He studied at Merton College, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1977: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon) degree. From 1978 to 1981, he trained for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, an evangelical Anglican theological college. He also studied theology at Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge, graduating with a further BA in 1980.^[1]

Pemberton was ordained as a priest in 1981 when he was 25. By 2005, after teaching theology in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), he became an honorary canon of Boga-Zaire in the DRC. He was also an honorary canon of Ely in Cambridgeshire while he worked as team rector of 13 parishes in West Cambridgeshire.^[2]

Marriage

Background

The Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics in the act, including sexual orientation. However, the Church of England and other religious groups that do not agree with same-sex relationships are allowed to not employ gay people if they are sexually active or in civil partnerships.^[2] Same-sex marriage in England and Wales began in late March 2014, when the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 came into force.^[3]

In April 2014, Pemberton married his partner Laurence Cunnington;^[4] Pemberton met Cunnington on a support website for gay fathers in 2008 and both had been previously married to women for several decades.^[2] The marriage occurred despite an official ban on same-sex marriages from the Church of England's House of Bishops in February 2014,^[5] who instead allowed civil partnerships between members of the same gender, within a celibate relationship.^[6] The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 meant that religious institutions which do not agree with same-sex marriage—such as the Church of England, which defines marriage as between one man and one woman in its canon law—did not have to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies. These exemptions came following extensive lobbying by conservative Anglicans.^[2]

Chaplaincy move and legal action

In 2014, Pemberton lived in Southwell and preached in Southwell Minster. He had a job as a hospital chaplain in the Diocese of Lincoln for an NHS trust (an organisational trust within the National Health Service (NHS)) in Lincolnshire but sought work closer to home at King's Mill Hospital. Pemberton spoke to the Bishop of Lincoln, Christopher Lowson, prior to his move. Lowson had no initial objections but later issued an official written rebuke to the couple.^[2]

The Archbishop of York, John Sentamu (whose ecclesiastical jurisdiction included Southwell), an opponent of same-sex marriage, opposed Pemberton's move. Following consultation with Sentamu, Bishop Richard Inwood refused Pemberton permission to officiate (PTO) in the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham.^[6] A PTO is only rarely revoked, usually only when the law is broken.^[2] As a result, the NHS refused his chaplaincy at King's Mill Hospital, though he still worked for the Lincolnshire NHS trust.^[7]

In response, Pemberton threatened legal action against the church.^[6] This led to a tribunal. Pemberton approached three barristers and the church hired the law firm Herbert Smith Freehills. At the tribunal, a registrar of the Diocese of London, a solicitor for Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury, a legal secretary from the church's general synod, and a legal representative of the church's pensions board were present, among others. Tom Linden QC, representing the church, took an aggressive line against Pemberton, calling him "errant", "not in good standing" and heavily chastising him for crying over the revocation of his PTO.^[2]

The tribunal upheld the church's position, saying that supporting the church's position on same-sex marriage was a requirement of being a Church of England chaplain, and that the act allows religious groups exemptions in anti-employment discrimination law.^[8] This judgement was criticised by the LGBT rights activist Peter Tatchell^[9] and the LGBT rights charity Stonewall.^[10]

Pemberton appealed the decision, but the Employment Appeal Tribunal dismissed his appeal in 2016.^[11] The Court of Appeal also dismissed his case in 2018.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Precisely five years after his marriage, Equal, the Campaign for Equal Marriage in the Church of England, was founded to end bans on same-sex marriages in churches and to allow clergy to marry people of the same sex.^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b "Jeremy Charles Baring Pemberton". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Strudwick, Patrick (5 December 2015). "This Is What Happened To The First Priest To Marry Another Man". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ "Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed". BBC News. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
^ Meikle, James (13 April 2014). "Gay marriage first for chaplain in defiance of C of E". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ "Church of England rules out blessings for gay marriages". Reuters. 16 February 2014. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brown, Andrew (4 August 2014). "Church faces legal challenge after blocking job offer to married gay priest". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2021. {{cite news}}: |archive-url= is malformed: path (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton in Church discrimination tribunal". BBC News. BBC. 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
^ Wyatt, Tim (4 November 2015). "First priest in gay marriage, Jeremy Pemberton, loses employment tribunal". Church Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
^ "Tribunal rules Church can dictate who NHS employs". Peter Tatchell Foundation. 4 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ Sarmiento, Simon (10 November 2015). "The Jeremy Pemberton case and what it means". Stonewall. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ "Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton loses tribunal appeal". BBC News. BBC. 7 December 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ "Gay priest Jeremy Pemberton's discrimination appeal dismissed". BBC News. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ Sherwood, Harriet (22 March 2018). "Gay hospital chaplain loses discrimination appeal against C of E". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ Hopkins, Steven (22 March 2018). "Gay Priest Jeremy Pemberton Loses Discrimination Appeal Against The Church Of England". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ Duffy, Nick (13 April 2019). "Church of England pressed to end ban on same-sex marriage". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[Crockford-1] "Jeremy Charles Baring Pemberton". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 25 January 2023.

[Strudwick-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Strudwick, Patrick (5 December 2015). "This Is What Happened To The First Priest To Marry Another Man". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[3] "Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed". BBC News. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2014.

[marriage-4] Meikle, James (13 April 2014). "Gay marriage first for chaplain in defiance of C of E". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[5] "Church of England rules out blessings for gay marriages". Reuters. 16 February 2014. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[Brown1-6] Brown, Andrew (4 August 2014). "Church faces legal challenge after blocking job offer to married gay priest". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2021. {{cite news}}: |archive-url= is malformed: path (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[7] "Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton in Church discrimination tribunal". BBC News. BBC. 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.

[8] Wyatt, Tim (4 November 2015). "First priest in gay marriage, Jeremy Pemberton, loses employment tribunal". Church Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.

[9] "Tribunal rules Church can dictate who NHS employs". Peter Tatchell Foundation. 4 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[10] Sarmiento, Simon (10 November 2015). "The Jeremy Pemberton case and what it means". Stonewall. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[11] "Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton loses tribunal appeal". BBC News. BBC. 7 December 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[12] "Gay priest Jeremy Pemberton's discrimination appeal dismissed". BBC News. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[13] Sherwood, Harriet (22 March 2018). "Gay hospital chaplain loses discrimination appeal against C of E". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[14] Hopkins, Steven (22 March 2018). "Gay Priest Jeremy Pemberton Loses Discrimination Appeal Against The Church Of England". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

[15] Duffy, Nick (13 April 2019). "Church of England pressed to end ban on same-sex marriage". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

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-'''Jeremy Charles Baring Pemberton''' (born 1956<ref name="Crockford">{{Crockford| surname = Pemberton | forenames = Jeremy Charles Baring | id = 32984 | accessed = 25 January 2023}}</ref>) is a British [[Anglican]] priest who was the first priest in the [[Church of England]] to enter into a [[same-sex marriage]] when he married a man in 2014. As same-sex marriages are not accepted by the Church ([[Canon law of the Church of England|its canon law]] defines marriage as [[Definition of marriage|between one man and one woman]]), he was denied a job as a [[chaplain]] for the [[National Health Service]] by [[John Sentamu]], the [[Archbishop of York]]. Before then, he had been an Anglican priest for 33 years.
+'''Jeremy Charles Baring Pemberton''' (born 1956<ref name="Crockford">{{Crockford| surname = Pemberton | forenames = Jeremy Charles Baring | id = 32984 | accessed = 25 January 2023}}</ref>) is a British [[Anglican]] priest who was the first priest in the [[Church of England]] to enter into a [[same-sex marriage]] when he married another man in 2014. As same-sex marriages are not accepted by the church ([[Canon law of the Church of England|its canon law]] defines marriage as [[Definition of marriage|between one man and one woman]]), he was denied a job as a [[chaplain]] for the [[National Health Service]] by [[John Sentamu]], the [[Archbishop of York]]. Before then, he had been an Anglican priest for 33 years.
-He sued the church on [[employment discrimination]] grounds. However, a tribunal upheld his dismissal, saying that being a chaplain meant that Pemberton had to uphold the Church's views on [[marriage]]. The tribunal also said that the [[Equality Act 2010|Equality Act]] in England and Wales allowed for religious exemptions to laws that protect people from being fired because of their [[sexual orientation]]. The dismissal was upheld on appeal by the [[Court of Appeal (England and Wales)|Court of Appeal]] in 2018.
+He sued the church on [[employment discrimination]] grounds. However, a tribunal upheld his dismissal, saying that being a chaplain meant that Pemberton had to uphold the church's views on [[marriage]]. The tribunal also said that the [[Equality Act 2010|Equality Act]] in England and Wales allowed for religious exemptions to laws that protect people from being fired because of their [[sexual orientation]]. The dismissal was upheld on appeal by the [[Court of Appeal (England and Wales)|Court of Appeal]] in 2018.
+== Early life and ordained ministry ==
-== Journey to priesthood ==
-Pemerton was born in 1956. He studied at [[Merton College, Oxford]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1977: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|Master of Arts]] (MA Oxon) degree. From 1978 to 1981, he trained for ordination at [[Ridley Hall, Cambridge]], an [[evangelical Anglican]] theological college. He also studied theology at [[Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge]], graduating with a further BA in 1980.<ref name="Crockford" />
+Pemberton was born in 1956. He studied at [[Merton College, Oxford]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1977: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|Master of Arts]] (MA Oxon) degree. From 1978 to 1981, he trained for ordination at [[Ridley Hall, Cambridge]], an [[evangelical Anglican]] theological college. He also studied theology at [[Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge]], graduating with a further BA in 1980.<ref name="Crockford" />
-Pemberton  was ordained as a priest in 1981 when he was 25, a young age. By 2005, after teaching theology in the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC), he became an honorary [[Canon (priest)|canon]] of [[Diocese of Boga-Zaire|Boga-Zaire]] in the DRC. He was also an honorary [[Canon (clergy)|canon]] of [[Ely Cathedral|Ely]] in Cambridgeshire while he worked as Team Rector of thirteen parishes in West Cambridgeshire. Pemberton had been a priest for over 30 years.<ref name="Strudwick">{{cite news |last1=Strudwick |first1=Patrick |title=This Is What Happened To The First Priest To Marry Another Man |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/patrickstrudwick/this-is-what-its-like-to-sue-the-church-of-england-for-discr |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214050223/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/patrickstrudwick/this-is-what-its-like-to-sue-the-church-of-england-for-discr |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Pemberton  was ordained as a priest in 1981 when he was 25. By 2005, after teaching theology in the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC), he became an honorary [[Canon (priest)|canon]] of [[Diocese of Boga-Zaire|Boga-Zaire]] in the DRC. He was also an honorary [[Canon (clergy)|canon]] of [[Ely Cathedral|Ely]] in Cambridgeshire while he worked as team rector of 13 parishes in West Cambridgeshire.<ref name="Strudwick">{{cite news |last1=Strudwick |first1=Patrick |title=This Is What Happened To The First Priest To Marry Another Man |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/patrickstrudwick/this-is-what-its-like-to-sue-the-church-of-england-for-discr |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214050223/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/patrickstrudwick/this-is-what-its-like-to-sue-the-church-of-england-for-discr |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == Marriage ==
 === Background ===
-The [[Equality Act 2010]] prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics in the Act, including [[sexual orientation]]. However, the Church of England and other [[Homosexuality and religion|religious groups that do not agree with same-sex relationships]] are allowed to not employ gay people if they're [[Gay sexual practices|sexually active]] or in [[civil partnerships]].<ref name="Strudwick"/> [[Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom|Same-sex marriage in England and Wales]] began in late March 2014, when the [[Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013]] came into force.<ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|access-date=29 March 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=29 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308042939/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>
+The [[Equality Act 2010]] prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics in the act, including [[sexual orientation]]. However, the Church of England and other [[Homosexuality and religion|religious groups that do not agree with same-sex relationships]] are allowed to not employ gay people if they are [[Gay sexual practices|sexually active]] or in [[civil partnerships]].<ref name="Strudwick"/> [[Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom|Same-sex marriage in England and Wales]] began in late March 2014, when the [[Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013]] came into force.<ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|access-date=29 March 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=29 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308042939/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>
-In April 2014, Pemberton married his partner Laurence Cunnington;<ref name="marriage">{{cite news |last1=Meikle |first1=James |title=Gay marriage first for chaplain in defiance of C of E |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/13/gay-marriage-church-of-england-chaplain-jeremy-pemberton |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 April 2014 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231821/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/13/gay-marriage-church-of-england-chaplain-jeremy-pemberton |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemberton met Cunnington on a support website for gay fathers in 2008 and both had been previously married to women for several decades.<ref name="Strudwick"/> The marriage occurred despite an official ban on same-sex marriages from the Church of England's [[House of Bishops]] in February 2014,<ref>{{cite news |title=Church of England rules out blessings for gay marriages |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-religion-marriage-idUKBREA1F0NE20140216 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 February 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214223419/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-religion-marriage-idUKBREA1F0NE20140216 |url-status=live }}</ref> who instead allowed civil partnerships between members of the same gender, within a [[celibate]] relationship.<ref name="Brown1">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Andrew |title=Church faces legal challenge after blocking job offer to married gay priest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/church-legal-challenge-blocking-job-offer-married-gay-priest |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=4 August 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214214050/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/church-legal-challenge-blocking-job-offer-married-gay-priest |url-status=live }}</ref> The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 meant that religious institutions that did not agree with same-sex marriage—such as the Church of England, which [[Definition of marriage|defines marriage as between one man and one woman]] in [[Canon law of the Church of England|its canon law]]—did not have to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies. These exemptions came following extensive lobbying by conservative Anglicans.<ref name="Strudwick"/>
+In April 2014, Pemberton married his partner Laurence Cunnington;<ref name="marriage">{{cite news |last1=Meikle |first1=James |title=Gay marriage first for chaplain in defiance of C of E |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/13/gay-marriage-church-of-england-chaplain-jeremy-pemberton |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 April 2014 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231821/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/13/gay-marriage-church-of-england-chaplain-jeremy-pemberton |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemberton met Cunnington on a support website for gay fathers in 2008 and both had been previously married to women for several decades.<ref name="Strudwick"/> The marriage occurred despite an official ban on same-sex marriages from the Church of England's [[House of Bishops]] in February 2014,<ref>{{cite news |title=Church of England rules out blessings for gay marriages |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-religion-marriage-idUKBREA1F0NE20140216 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 February 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214223419/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-religion-marriage-idUKBREA1F0NE20140216 |url-status=live }}</ref> who instead allowed civil partnerships between members of the same gender, within a [[celibate]] relationship.<ref name="Brown1">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Andrew |title=Church faces legal challenge after blocking job offer to married gay priest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/church-legal-challenge-blocking-job-offer-married-gay-priest |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=4 August 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/we/20210214214050/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/church-legal-challenge-blocking-job-offer-married-gay-priest |url-status=live }}</ref> The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 meant that religious institutions which do not agree with same-sex marriage—such as the Church of England, which [[Definition of marriage|defines marriage as between one man and one woman]] in [[Canon law of the Church of England|its canon law]]—did not have to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies. These exemptions came following extensive lobbying by conservative Anglicans.<ref name="Strudwick"/>
 ===Chaplaincy move and legal action===
 In 2014, Pemberton lived in [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire|Southwell]] and preached in [[Southwell Minster]]. He had a job as a hospital [[chaplain]] in the [[Diocese of Lincoln]] for an [[NHS trust]] (an organisational trust within the [[National Health Service (England)|National Health Service]] (NHS)) in Lincolnshire but sought work closer to home at [[King's Mill Hospital]]. Pemberton spoke to the [[Bishop of Lincoln]], [[Christopher Lowson]], prior to his move. Lowson had no initial objections but later issued an official written rebuke to the couple.<ref name="Strudwick"/>
-The [[Archbishop of York]] [[John Sentamu]] (whose ecclesiastical jurisdiction included Southwell), an opponent of same-sex marriage, opposed Pemberton's move. Following consultation with Sentamu, Bishop [[Richard Inwood]] refused Pemberton [[permission to officiate]] (PTO) in the [[Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham]].<ref name="Brown1"/> The PTO is only rarely revoked, usually only when the law is broken.<ref name="Strudwick"/> As a result, the NHS refused his chaplaincy at King's Mill Hospital, though he still worked for the Lincolnshire NHS trust.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton in Church discrimination tribunal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33116445 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 June 2015 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204122010/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33116445 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The [[Archbishop of York]], [[John Sentamu]] (whose ecclesiastical jurisdiction included Southwell), an opponent of same-sex marriage, opposed Pemberton's move. Following consultation with Sentamu, Bishop [[Richard Inwood]] refused Pemberton [[permission to officiate]] (PTO) in the [[Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham]].<ref name="Brown1"/> A PTO is only rarely revoked, usually only when the law is broken.<ref name="Strudwick"/> As a result, the NHS refused his chaplaincy at King's Mill Hospital, though he still worked for the Lincolnshire NHS trust.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton in Church discrimination tribunal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33116445 |access-date=10 February 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 June 2015 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204122010/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33116445 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In response, Pemberton threatened legal action against the Church.<ref name="Brown1"/> This led to a tribunal. Pemberton approached three barristers and the Church hired the law firm [[Herbert Smith Freehills]]. At the tribunal, a [[Registrar (Church of England)|registrar]] of the [[Diocese of London]], a solicitor for [[Justin Welby]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], a legal secretary from the Church's [[General Synod of the Church of England|General Synod]], and a legal representative of the Church's Pensions Board were present, among others. Tom Linden [[Queen's Counsel|QC]], representing the Church, took an aggressive line against Pemberton, calling him "errant", "not in good standing" and heavily chastising him for crying over the revocation of his PTO.<ref name="Strudwick"/>
+In response, Pemberton threatened legal action against the church.<ref name="Brown1"/> This led to a tribunal. Pemberton approached three barristers and the church hired the law firm [[Herbert Smith Freehills]]. At the tribunal, a [[Registrar (Church of England)|registrar]] of the [[Diocese of London]], a solicitor for [[Justin Welby]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], a legal secretary from the church's [[General Synod of the Church of England|general synod]], and a legal representative of the church's pensions board were present, among others. Tom Linden [[Queen's Counsel|QC]], representing the church, took an aggressive line against Pemberton, calling him "errant", "not in good standing" and heavily chastising him for crying over the revocation of his PTO.<ref name="Strudwick"/>
-The tribunal upheld the Church's position, saying that supporting the Church's position on same-sex marriage was a requirement of being a Church of England chaplain, and that the Act allows religious groups exemptions in anti-[[employment discrimination]] law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wyatt |first1=Tim |title=First priest in gay marriage, Jeremy Pemberton, loses employment tribunal |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/6-november/news/uk/pemberton-loses-employment-tribunal |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=[[Church Times]] |date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307064258/https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/6-november/news/uk/pemberton-loses-employment-tribunal |url-status=live }}</ref> This judgement was criticised by the [[LGBT rights]] activist [[Peter Tatchell]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribunal rules Church can dictate who NHS employs |url=https://www.petertatchellfoundation.org/tribunal-rules-church-can-dictate-who-nhs-employs/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=Peter Tatchell Foundation |date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127194507/https://www.petertatchellfoundation.org/tribunal-rules-church-can-dictate-who-nhs-employs/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the LGBT rights charity [[Stonewall (charity)|Stonewall]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sarmiento |first1=Simon |title=The Jeremy Pemberton case and what it means |url=https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/21884 |publisher=[[Stonewall (charity)|Stonewall]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |date=10 November 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925195444/https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/21884 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The tribunal upheld the church's position, saying that supporting the church's position on same-sex marriage was a requirement of being a Church of England chaplain, and that the act allows religious groups exemptions in anti-[[employment discrimination]] law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wyatt |first1=Tim |title=First priest in gay marriage, Jeremy Pemberton, loses employment tribunal |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/6-november/news/uk/pemberton-loses-employment-tribunal |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=[[Church Times]] |date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307064258/https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/6-november/news/uk/pemberton-loses-employment-tribunal |url-status=live }}</ref> This judgement was criticised by the [[LGBT rights]] activist [[Peter Tatchell]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribunal rules Church can dictate who NHS employs |url=https://www.petertatchellfoundation.org/tribunal-rules-church-can-dictate-who-nhs-employs/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=Peter Tatchell Foundation |date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127194507/https://www.petertatchellfoundation.org/tribunal-rules-church-can-dictate-who-nhs-employs/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the LGBT rights charity [[Stonewall (charity)|Stonewall]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sarmiento |first1=Simon |title=The Jeremy Pemberton case and what it means |url=https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/21884 |publisher=[[Stonewall (charity)|Stonewall]] |access-date=8 February 2021 |date=10 November 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925195444/https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/21884 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 Pemberton appealed the decision, but the [[Employment Appeal Tribunal]] dismissed his appeal in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gay canon Jeremy Pemberton loses tribunal appeal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-38235199 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=7 December 2016 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-38235199 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Court of Appeal (England and Wales)|Court of Appeal]] also dismissed his case in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gay priest Jeremy Pemberton's discrimination appeal dismissed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-42906132 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=BBC News |date=22 March 2018 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425020334/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-42906132 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sherwood |first1=Harriet |title=Gay hospital chaplain loses discrimination appeal against C of E |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/22/gay-hospital-chaplain-loses-discrimination-appeal-against-c-of-e |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035528/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/22/gay-hospital-chaplain-loses-discrimination-appeal-against-c-of-e |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hopkins |first1=Steven |title=Gay Priest Jeremy Pemberton Loses Discrimination Appeal Against The Church Of England |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/gay-priest-jeremy-pemberton_uk_5ab39c7ce4b0decad0474cbf |access-date=8 February 2021 |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |date=22 March 2018 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322174047/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/gay-priest-jeremy-pemberton_uk_5ab39c7ce4b0decad0474cbf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Precisely five years after his marriage, Equal, the Campaign for Equal Marriage in the Church of England, was founded to end bans on same-sex marriages in Church parishes and to allow vicars to marry individuals of the same sex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Nick |title=Church of England pressed to end ban on same-sex marriage |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/04/13/church-of-england-end-ban-same-sex-marriage/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]|date=13 April 2019 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205210829/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/04/13/church-of-england-end-ban-same-sex-marriage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Precisely five years after his marriage, Equal, the Campaign for Equal Marriage in the Church of England, was founded to end bans on same-sex marriages in churches and to allow clergy to marry people of the same sex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Nick |title=Church of England pressed to end ban on same-sex marriage |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/04/13/church-of-england-end-ban-same-sex-marriage/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[PinkNews]]|date=13 April 2019 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205210829/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/04/13/church-of-england-end-ban-same-sex-marriage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==References==