Maahunui volcanic field: Difference between revisions
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The '''Maahunui volcanic field''' is an extinct [[basalt]]ic submarine [[miocene]] [[monogenetic volcanic field]]<ref name="Bischoff2019">{{cite journal|last1=Bischoff |first1= Alan| last2= Nicol |first2= Andrew |last3= Cole |first3= Jim |last4= Gravley |first4= Darren |title=Stratigraphy of Architectural Elements of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic System |journal= Open Geosciences| volume=11 |issue= 1 |year= 2019 |pages= 581-616 |doi=10.1515/geo-2019-0048 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/geo-2019-0048/html}}</ref> off the east coast of the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]] to the south of the more recent [[Banks Peninsula Volcano]].<ref name="Bischoffthesis">{{cite thesis|first1=Alan Patrick |last1=Bischoff |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan-Bischoff-2/publication/330212857_ARCHITECTURAL_ELEMENTS_OF_BURIED_VOLCANIC_SYSTEMS_AND_THEIR_IMPACT_ON_GEOENERGY_RESOURCES/links/5c344032299bf12be3b683a0/ARCHITECTURAL-ELEMENTS-OF-BURIED-VOLCANIC-SYSTEMS-AND-THEIR-IMPACT-ON-GEOENERGY-RESOURCES.pdf |title=ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF BURIED VOLCANIC SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GEOENERGY RESOURCES|year=2019}}</ref> |
The '''Maahunui volcanic field''' is an extinct [[basalt]]ic submarine [[miocene]] [[monogenetic volcanic field]]<ref name="Bischoff2019">{{cite journal|last1=Bischoff |first1= Alan| last2= Nicol |first2= Andrew |last3= Cole |first3= Jim |last4= Gravley |first4= Darren |title=Stratigraphy of Architectural Elements of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic System |journal= Open Geosciences| volume=11 |issue= 1 |year= 2019 |pages= 581-616 |doi=10.1515/geo-2019-0048 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/geo-2019-0048/html|doi-access= free }}</ref> off the east coast of the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]] to the south of the more recent [[Banks Peninsula Volcano]].<ref name="Bischoffthesis">{{cite thesis|first1=Alan Patrick |last1=Bischoff |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan-Bischoff-2/publication/330212857_ARCHITECTURAL_ELEMENTS_OF_BURIED_VOLCANIC_SYSTEMS_AND_THEIR_IMPACT_ON_GEOENERGY_RESOURCES/links/5c344032299bf12be3b683a0/ARCHITECTURAL-ELEMENTS-OF-BURIED-VOLCANIC-SYSTEMS-AND-THEIR-IMPACT-ON-GEOENERGY-RESOURCES.pdf |title=ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF BURIED VOLCANIC SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GEOENERGY RESOURCES|year=2019}}</ref> |
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==Geology== |
==Geology== |
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Over 30 volcanic features including craters and cones have been described in the Maahunui Volcanic Field,<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> even although most are buried in up to {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} thickness of ocean [[sediment]].<ref name="BischoffPart2">{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332915908_Characterization_of_a_Middle_Miocene_Monogenetic_Volcanic_Field_Buried_in_the_Canterbury_Basin_New_Zealand_-_Part_II |last1=Bischoff |first1= Alan| last2= Nicol |first2= Andrew |last3= Barrier |first3= Andrea |last4= Wang |first4= Hanfei |title=Characterization of a Middle Miocene Monogenetic Volcanic Field Buried in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand – Part II |doi=10.31223/osf.io/3yrcu}}</ref> These are intraplate small-volume single event volcanoes.<ref name=Bischoff2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan-Bischoff-2/publication/340210741_Magmatic_and_Tectonic_Interactions_Revealed_by_Buried_Volcanoes_in_Te_Riu-a-MauiZealandia_Sedimentary_Basins/links/5e7d39bd299bf1a91b7eff55/Magmatic-and-Tectonic-Interactions-Revealed-by-Buried-Volcanoes-in-Te-Riu-a-Maui-Zealandia-Sedimentary-Basins.pdf |title=Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins |pages=378-401|year=2020|journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|volume=63|first1= Alan |last1=Bischoff|first2= Andrea |last2=Barriera|first3= Mac |last3=Begg| first4=Andrew |last4=Nicola|first5= Jim |last5=Colea |first6=Tusar |last6=Sahoo|doi=10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510}}</ref> A feature of the field is that it was always underwater, but some of the cones formed islands in the historic sea and then have been eroded with characteristic flattened tops. It has been thought that explosive eruptions are rare in volcanoes whose vents are more than {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} deep under water, but such must have occurred for some of the located craters that must have been formed at about {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} deep.<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> The eruptions occurred between 15.9 to 11 million years ago, mostly in the last 2 million years of this period.<ref name="BischoffPart2"/> The resulting [[seamount]]s were finally all buried about the time that [[Banks Peninsula]] was formed in the late [[miocene]]. The area of the field is about {{convert|1520 |km2|abbr=on}} and the presence of the volcanoes is relevant to mineral and other potential exploitation of the Canterbury submarine basin.<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> The detailed understanding of the field results from bore hole and seismic data accumulated over many years of geological mapping. |
Over 30 volcanic features including craters and cones have been described in the Maahunui Volcanic Field,<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> even although most are buried in up to {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} thickness of ocean [[sediment]].<ref name="BischoffPart2">{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332915908_Characterization_of_a_Middle_Miocene_Monogenetic_Volcanic_Field_Buried_in_the_Canterbury_Basin_New_Zealand_-_Part_II |last1=Bischoff |first1= Alan| last2= Nicol |first2= Andrew |last3= Barrier |first3= Andrea |last4= Wang |first4= Hanfei |title=Characterization of a Middle Miocene Monogenetic Volcanic Field Buried in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand – Part II |doi=10.31223/osf.io/3yrcu}}</ref> These are intraplate small-volume single event volcanoes.<ref name=Bischoff2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan-Bischoff-2/publication/340210741_Magmatic_and_Tectonic_Interactions_Revealed_by_Buried_Volcanoes_in_Te_Riu-a-MauiZealandia_Sedimentary_Basins/links/5e7d39bd299bf1a91b7eff55/Magmatic-and-Tectonic-Interactions-Revealed-by-Buried-Volcanoes-in-Te-Riu-a-Maui-Zealandia-Sedimentary-Basins.pdf |title=Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins |pages=378-401|year=2020|journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|volume=63|first1= Alan |last1=Bischoff|first2= Andrea |last2=Barriera|first3= Mac |last3=Begg| first4=Andrew |last4=Nicola|first5= Jim |last5=Colea |first6=Tusar |last6=Sahoo|doi=10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510}}</ref> A feature of the field is that it was always underwater, but some of the cones formed islands in the historic sea and then have been eroded with characteristic flattened tops. It has been thought that explosive eruptions are rare in volcanoes whose vents are more than {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} deep under water, but such must have occurred for some of the located craters that must have been formed at about {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} deep.<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> The eruptions occurred between 15.9 to 11 million years ago, mostly in the last 2 million years of this period.<ref name="BischoffPart2"/> The resulting [[seamount]]s were finally all buried about the time that [[Banks Peninsula]] was formed in the late [[miocene]]. The area of the field is about {{convert|1520 |km2|abbr=on}} and the presence of the volcanoes is relevant to mineral and other potential exploitation of the Canterbury submarine basin.<ref name="Bischoff2019"/> The detailed understanding of the field results from bore hole and seismic data accumulated over many years of geological mapping. |
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Revision as of 18:22, 29 January 2023
Maahunui volcanic field | |
|---|---|
Volcanic field | |
 Approximate extent of Maahunui volcanic field | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 44°00′32″S 172°33′54″E / 44.008986°S 172.564949°E | |
| Offshore water bodies | Pacific Ocean |
| Age | middle Miocene |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,520 km2 (590 sq mi)[1] |
| Last eruption | 11.5 Ma |
The Maahunui volcanic field is an extinct basaltic submarine miocene monogenetic volcanic field[1] off the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand to the south of the more recent Banks Peninsula Volcano.[2]
Geology
Over 30 volcanic features including craters and cones have been described in the Maahunui Volcanic Field,[1] even although most are buried in up to 1 km (0.62 mi) thickness of ocean sediment.[3] These are intraplate small-volume single event volcanoes.[4] A feature of the field is that it was always underwater, but some of the cones formed islands in the historic sea and then have been eroded with characteristic flattened tops. It has been thought that explosive eruptions are rare in volcanoes whose vents are more than 100 m (330 ft) deep under water, but such must have occurred for some of the located craters that must have been formed at about 1 km (0.62 mi) deep.[1] The eruptions occurred between 15.9 to 11 million years ago, mostly in the last 2 million years of this period.[3] The resulting seamounts were finally all buried about the time that Banks Peninsula was formed in the late miocene. The area of the field is about 1,520 km2 (590 sq mi) and the presence of the volcanoes is relevant to mineral and other potential exploitation of the Canterbury submarine basin.[1] The detailed understanding of the field results from bore hole and seismic data accumulated over many years of geological mapping.
Name
The name Maahunui relates to the canoe of Maui which (according to Māori legend) became the South Island of New Zealand. It is the term Māori use for the coast south of Banks Peninsula. It was so named after appropriate consultation in 2019.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e Bischoff, Alan; Nicol, Andrew; Cole, Jim; Gravley, Darren (2019). "Stratigraphy of Architectural Elements of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic System". Open Geosciences. 11 (1): 581–616. doi:10.1515/geo-2019-0048.
- ^ a b Bischoff, Alan Patrick (2019). ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF BURIED VOLCANIC SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GEOENERGY RESOURCES (PDF) (Thesis).
- ^ a b Bischoff, Alan; Nicol, Andrew; Barrier, Andrea; Wang, Hanfei. "Characterization of a Middle Miocene Monogenetic Volcanic Field Buried in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand – Part II". doi:10.31223/osf.io/3yrcu.
- ^ Bischoff, Alan; Barriera, Andrea; Begg, Mac; Nicola, Andrew; Colea, Jim; Sahoo, Tusar (2020). "Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. pp. 378–401. doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510.