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== Career ==
== Career ==
After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] and, after studying chemistry under [[Frederick Kipping|Kipping]], graduated there with a BSc in 1906. In 1911 Bullock married his first wife, [[Elsa Gye]], who was a dedicated [[suffragette]].<ref name="CrawfordBook">{{cite book|author=Crawford, Elizabeth|title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928|chapter=Gye, Elsa (1881–1943)|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|page=254|isbn=9780415239264|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giffod3v0FsC&pg=PA254}}</ref> Bullock studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and in 1912 graduated there MBChB. In 1913 he received his [[Doctor of Medicine]] qualification from the university, and won a gold medal for his medical thesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=A contribution to the chemical pathology of the lipoids|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29475|language=en}}</ref> He also won the Ellis Prize in Physiology for his essay, “The chemistry of nerve degeneration.”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=The chemistry of nerve degeneration|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29473|language=en}}</ref> Still in 1913 he joined the staff of the [[Cancer Research UK#History|Imperial Cancer Research Fund]],<ref name="ObitNFRS" /> which at that time was under the direction of [[Ernest Francis Bashford]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Ernest Francis Bashford, O.B.E., M.D.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=8 September 1923|volume=2|issue=3271|pages=440–441|pmc=2316986|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.3271.440-a|last1=Hayward|first1=J. A.}}</ref> When [[World War I]] started, Bullock joined the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.<ref name="BMCobit">{{cite journal|title=W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S|journal=British Medical Journal|date=25 October 1952|volume=2|issue=4790|pages=945–946|pmc=2021835|pmid=12978397}}</ref> He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologistl and worked with [[William Cramer (pathologist)|William Cramer]] on [[gas gangrene]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bullock WE|author2=Cramer W|title=On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character|volume=90|issue=633|year=1919|pages=513–529|jstor=80697|doi=10.1098/rspb.1919.0009|bibcode=1919RSPSB..90..513B|doi-access=free}}</ref> After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the [[National Institute for Medical Research]] at Hampstead, where he worked with [[Edgar Hartley Kettle]] on [[silicosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE|author2=Kettle EH|year=1922|title=Silicosis and miners' phthisis|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=3|issue=5|pages=241–251|pmc=2047740}}</ref> In June 1919,<ref>{{cite news|title=William Ewart Gye|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31458/page/9054/data.pdf|pages=9054|newspaper=The London Gazette|date=15 July 1919}}</ref> William Bullock's wife retook her maiden name, and William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye",<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> perhaps because he wanted to please his wife<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> and perhaps because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist [[William Bulloch (bacteriologist)|William Bulloch]] — there is a theory that the name change was in gratitude to a benefactor (not Bullock's wife or father-in-law).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Vischer, Peter|title=A Romance of the Microscope|journal=Popular Science|date=October 1925|pages=13–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13}} This story by Peter Vischer alleges that Bullock changed his surname to "Gye" before 1919, but this allegation is false.</ref>
After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] and, after studying chemistry under [[Frederick Kipping|Kipping]], graduated there with a BSc in 1906. In 1911 Bullock married his first wife, [[Elsa Gye]], who was a dedicated [[suffragette]].<ref name="CrawfordBook">{{cite book|author=Crawford, Elizabeth|title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928|chapter=Gye, Elsa (1881–1943)|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|page=254|isbn=9780415239264|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giffod3v0FsC&pg=PA254}}</ref> Bullock studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and in 1912 graduated there MBChB. In 1913 he received his [[Doctor of Medicine]] qualification from the university, and won a gold medal for his medical thesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=A contribution to the chemical pathology of the lipoids|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29475|language=en}}</ref> He also won the Ellis Prize in Physiology for his essay, “The chemistry of nerve degeneration.”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=The chemistry of nerve degeneration|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29473|language=en}}</ref> Still in 1913 he joined the staff of the [[Cancer Research UK#History|Imperial Cancer Research Fund]],<ref name="ObitNFRS" /> which at that time was under the direction of [[Ernest Francis Bashford]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Ernest Francis Bashford, O.B.E., M.D.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=8 September 1923|volume=2|issue=3271|pages=440–441|pmc=2316986|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.3271.440-a|last1=Hayward|first1=J. A.}}</ref> When [[World War I]] started, Bullock joined the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.<ref name="BMCobit">{{cite journal|title=W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S|journal=British Medical Journal|date=25 October 1952|volume=2|issue=4790|pages=945–946|pmc=2021835|pmid=12978397}}</ref> He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologist and worked with [[William Cramer (pathologist)|William Cramer]] on [[gas gangrene]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bullock WE|author2=Cramer W|title=On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character|volume=90|issue=633|year=1919|pages=513–529|jstor=80697|doi=10.1098/rspb.1919.0009|bibcode=1919RSPSB..90..513B|doi-access=free}}</ref> After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the [[National Institute for Medical Research]] at Hampstead, where he worked with [[Edgar Hartley Kettle]] on [[silicosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE|author2=Kettle EH|year=1922|title=Silicosis and miners' phthisis|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=3|issue=5|pages=241–251|pmc=2047740}}</ref> In June 1919,<ref>{{cite news|title=William Ewart Gye|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31458/page/9054/data.pdf|pages=9054|newspaper=The London Gazette|date=15 July 1919}}</ref> William Bullock's wife retook her maiden name, and William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye",<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> perhaps because he wanted to please his wife<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> and perhaps because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist [[William Bulloch (bacteriologist)|William Bulloch]] — there is a theory that the name change was in gratitude to a benefactor (not Bullock's wife or father-in-law).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Vischer, Peter|title=A Romance of the Microscope|journal=Popular Science|date=October 1925|pages=13–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13}} This story by Peter Vischer alleges that Bullock changed his surname to "Gye" before 1919, but this allegation is false.</ref>


With W. J. Purdy, Gye conducted experiments confirming [[Peyton Rous]]'s claims concerning the [[Rous sarcoma virus]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE.|author2=Purdy WJ|title=Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=11|issue=3|year=1930|pages=211–216|pmc=2048160}}</ref> Gye was the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund's laboratories at Mill Hill from 1934 to 1949, when he resigned due to ill health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1938 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1940.
With W. J. Purdy, Gye conducted experiments confirming [[Peyton Rous]]'s claims concerning the [[Rous sarcoma virus]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE.|author2=Purdy WJ|title=Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=11|issue=3|year=1930|pages=211–216|pmc=2048160}}</ref> Gye was the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund's laboratories at Mill Hill from 1934 to 1949, when he resigned due to ill health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1938 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1940.

Revision as of 02:26, 8 February 2023

William Ewart Gye FRS (born William Ewart Bullock; 11 August 1889, Breaston – 14 October 1952) was a British pathologist and cancer researcher.[1][2][3]

Career

After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at University College, Nottingham and, after studying chemistry under Kipping, graduated there with a BSc in 1906. In 1911 Bullock married his first wife, Elsa Gye, who was a dedicated suffragette.[4] Bullock studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and in 1912 graduated there MBChB. In 1913 he received his Doctor of Medicine qualification from the university, and won a gold medal for his medical thesis.[5] He also won the Ellis Prize in Physiology for his essay, “The chemistry of nerve degeneration.”[6] Still in 1913 he joined the staff of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund,[2] which at that time was under the direction of Ernest Francis Bashford.[7] When World War I started, Bullock joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.[8] He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologist and worked with William Cramer on gas gangrene.[9] After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the National Institute for Medical Research at Hampstead, where he worked with Edgar Hartley Kettle on silicosis.[10] In June 1919,[11] William Bullock's wife retook her maiden name, and William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye",[4] perhaps because he wanted to please his wife[4] and perhaps because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist William Bulloch — there is a theory that the name change was in gratitude to a benefactor (not Bullock's wife or father-in-law).[12]

With W. J. Purdy, Gye conducted experiments confirming Peyton Rous's claims concerning the Rous sarcoma virus.[13] Gye was the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund's laboratories at Mill Hill from 1934 to 1949, when he resigned due to ill health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1938 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1940.

Gye's and his first wife Elsa had three sons together. She died of cancer in 1943. On 30 December 1944[14] Gye married the ophthalmologist Ida Mann and in 1949 they moved to Perth, Western Australia.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Inspiring Physicians | RCP Museum – William Ewart Gye, Munks Roll Details, Lives of the fellows, Royal College of Physicians". munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Andrewes CH (1953). "William Ewart Gye. 1884-1952". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 8 (22): 418–430. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1953.0008. S2CID 162165139.
  3. ^ Craigie, J. (1952). "Dr. W. E. Gye". Nature. 170 (4333): 825. Bibcode:1952Natur.170..825C. doi:10.1038/170825a0. PMID 13013220.
  4. ^ a b c Crawford, Elizabeth (2003). "Gye, Elsa (1881–1943)". The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 9780415239264.
  5. ^ Bullock, W. E. (1913). "A contribution to the chemical pathology of the lipoids". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Bullock, W. E. (1913). "The chemistry of nerve degeneration". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Hayward, J. A. (8 September 1923). "Obituary. Ernest Francis Bashford, O.B.E., M.D." British Medical Journal. 2 (3271): 440–441. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3271.440-a. PMC 2316986.
  8. ^ a b "W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S". British Medical Journal. 2 (4790): 945–946. 25 October 1952. PMC 2021835. PMID 12978397.
  9. ^ Bullock WE; Cramer W (1919). "On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 90 (633): 513–529. Bibcode:1919RSPSB..90..513B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1919.0009. JSTOR 80697.
  10. ^ Gye WE; Kettle EH (1922). "Silicosis and miners' phthisis". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 3 (5): 241–251. PMC 2047740.
  11. ^ "William Ewart Gye" (PDF). The London Gazette. 15 July 1919. p. 9054.
  12. ^ Vischer, Peter (October 1925). "A Romance of the Microscope". Popular Science: 13–14. This story by Peter Vischer alleges that Bullock changed his surname to "Gye" before 1919, but this allegation is false.
  13. ^ Gye WE.; Purdy WJ (1930). "Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 11 (3): 211–216. PMC 2048160.
  14. ^ "Biography - Dame Ida Caroline Mann – Australian Dictionary of Biography". adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
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