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== Early life ==
== Early life ==
[[Mobile, Alabama]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/inventors/johnson.htm|title=Lonnie G. Johnson {{!}} African American Inventors {{!}} Scholastic.com|website=teacher.scholastic.com|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> His mother, who finished high school, worked as a nurse's aide and his father, who didn't finish high school, was a World War II veteran. His father explained the basic principles of electricity to Johnson at an early age.<ref name=":1" /> Stating that he "always liked to tinker with things," Johnson earned the nickname "the Professor" from kids in the neighborhood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37062579|title=The father of the Super Soaker|date=2016-08-15|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-02-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> He once "tore up his sister's baby doll to see what made her eyes close".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Lonnie Johnson|url=https://www.biography.com/inventor/lonnie-g-johnson|access-date=2021-02-10|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> He also tried to cook up rocket fuel in a saucepan but in doing so almost burned down the house.<ref name=":4" />
[[Mobile, Alabama]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/inventors/johnson.htm|title=Lonnie G. Johnson {{!}} African American Inventors {{!}} Scholastic.com|website=teacher.scholastic.com|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> His mother, who finished high school, worked as a nurse's aide and his father, who didn't finish high school, was a World War II veteran. His father explained the basic principles of electricity to Johnson at an early age.<ref name=":1" /> Stating that he "always liked to tinker with things," Johnson earned the nickname "the Professor" from kids in the neighborhood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37062579|title=The father of the Super Soaker|date=2016-08-15|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-02-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> He once "tore up his sister's baby doll to see what made her eyes close".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Lonnie Johnson|url=https://www.biography.com/inventor/lonnie-g-johnson|access-date=2021-02-10|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> He also tried to cook up rocket fuel in a saucepan but in doing so almost burned down the house.<ref name=":4" /> 21 can you do something for me?


As a teenager, Johnson attended [[Williamson High School (Alabama)|Williamson High School]], an all-black school in Mobile.<ref name="Atlantic">{{cite news|last=Ward|first=Logan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/11/shooting-for-the-sun/308268/|title=Shooting for the Sun|date=November 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=July 25, 2014}}</ref> He drew much of his inspiration from [[George Washington Carver]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://lsc.org/news-and-social/news/bhm-highlight-lonnie-g-johnson-air-force-engineer-and-inventor-of-the-super-soaker|title=BHM Highlight: Lonnie G Johnson, Air Force engineer and inventor of the Super Soaker|website=Liberty Science Center|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> In 1968, Johnson represented his high school at a science fair in Alabama, where he was the only black student attending the fair; This was a time when African Americans had very little presence in science.<ref name=":1" /> There, he presented a robot he created, which he named "Linex," taking home the first-place prize. The robot was powered by compressed air.<ref name=":1" />
As a teenager, Johnson attended [[Williamson High School (Alabama)|Williamson High School]], an all-black school in Mobile.<ref name="Atlantic">{{cite news|last=Ward|first=Logan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/11/shooting-for-the-sun/308268/|title=Shooting for the Sun|date=November 2010|work=The Atlantic|access-date=July 25, 2014}}</ref> He drew much of his inspiration from [[George Washington Carver]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://lsc.org/news-and-social/news/bhm-highlight-lonnie-g-johnson-air-force-engineer-and-inventor-of-the-super-soaker|title=BHM Highlight: Lonnie G Johnson, Air Force engineer and inventor of the Super Soaker|website=Liberty Science Center|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> In 1968, Johnson represented his high school at a science fair in Alabama, where he was the only black student attending the fair; This was a time when African Americans had very little presence in science.<ref name=":1" /> There, he presented a robot he created, which he named "Linex," taking home the first-place prize. The robot was powered by compressed air.<ref name=":1" />

Revision as of 19:05, 8 February 2023

For other uses, see Lonnie Johnson (disambiguation).
Lonnie Johnson
Johnson in 2016
Born (1949-10-06) October 6, 1949 (age 75)[1]
Mobile, Alabama, US
Alma materTuskegee University (BS, MS)
Occupation(s)Inventor, Engineer
Years active1978–Present
Known forSuper Soaker, Nerf gun
SpouseLinda Moore
Children4

Lonnie George Johnson (born October 6, 1949) is an American inventor, aerospace engineer, and entrepreneur, whose work includes a U.S. Air Force-term of service and a twelve-year stint at NASA, where he worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He invented the Super Soaker water gun in 1989, which has been among the world's bestselling toys ever since.[2]

Early life

Mobile, Alabama.[3] His mother, who finished high school, worked as a nurse's aide and his father, who didn't finish high school, was a World War II veteran. His father explained the basic principles of electricity to Johnson at an early age.[4] Stating that he "always liked to tinker with things," Johnson earned the nickname "the Professor" from kids in the neighborhood.[4] He once "tore up his sister's baby doll to see what made her eyes close".[5] He also tried to cook up rocket fuel in a saucepan but in doing so almost burned down the house.[5] 21 can you do something for me?

As a teenager, Johnson attended Williamson High School, an all-black school in Mobile.[6] He drew much of his inspiration from George Washington Carver.[7] In 1968, Johnson represented his high school at a science fair in Alabama, where he was the only black student attending the fair; This was a time when African Americans had very little presence in science.[4] There, he presented a robot he created, which he named "Linex," taking home the first-place prize. The robot was powered by compressed air.[4]

In 1969, shortly after graduating from high school, Johnson attended Tuskegee University, obtaining a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1973 and a master's degree in nuclear engineering in 1975.[2][8] He also holds an honorary Ph. D. in Science from Tuskegee University.[9] He then worked for the U.S. Air Force, where he worked on the stealth bomber program, before eventually joining NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1979.[3]

Career

During his time at NASA (1979-1991), Johnson worked on a variety of projects, including the Air Force missions Lab, developing the nuclear power source for the Galileo mission to Jupiter,[10] several weapons-related projects, as well as an engineer on the Mariner Mark ll Spacecraft series for the Comet Rendezvous and Saturn Orbiter Probe missions.[11] He also worked on the stealth bomber program.[12]

In 1991, Johnson founded his own company, Johnson Research and Development Co., Inc., of which he is also the president.[11]

More recently, he teamed up with scientists from both Tulane University and Tuskegee University to develop a method of transforming heat into electricity to make green energy more affordable.[10]

As of 2017, Johnson has two technology-development companies, Excellatron Solid State, LLC and Johnson Electro-Mechanical Systems (JEMS), operating in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia.[13][14] JEMS has developed the Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter System (JTEC) which Popular Mechanics listed as one of the top 10 inventions of 2009.[15]

Lonnie Johnson with US Representative Bradley Byrne in 2018.

Johnson is a "part of a small group of African-American inventors whose work accounts for 6 percent of all U.S. patent applications.[16]

Super Soaker

Johnson first conceived the Super Soaker while doing work with the U.S. Air Force. Initially called the “Power Drencher” when it first appeared in toy shops in 1990, it eventually got its trademark name after some tweaks and remarketing.[15] Selling between $10 to $60 depending on the model, the Super Soaker took off, generating $200 million in sales in 1991.[2] Shortly after making the deal for the Super Soaker with the Larami Corporation, Larami became a subsidiary of Hasbro Inc. in February 1995.[17]

Johnson tweaked the design of the water gun, replacing the water in the Super Soaker with a "toy [Nerf] projectile."

In February 2013 Johnson filed suit against Hasbro after he discovered that he was being underpaid royalties for the Super Soaker and several Nerf line of toys.[18] In November 2013, Johnson was awarded nearly $73 million in royalties from Hasbro Inc. in arbitration. According to Hasbro, the Super Soaker is approaching sales of $1 billion.[19]

Accolades

Johnson holds more than 250 patents, most of which are for his Super Soaker. Johnson was awarded the Air Force Achievement Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal. He received several awards from NASA for his work in spacecraft system design at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[9] In 2008, he was awarded the Breakthrough Award from science magazine Popular Mechanics for his work related to JTEC and was inducted into the State of Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame in 2011.[7][20] In 2015, the Super Soaker was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame.[21]

Personal life

Johnson is married to Linda Moore, they have four children, and live in the Ansley Park district of Atlanta, Georgia.[2]

References

  1. ^ Broad, William J. Engineer At Play: Lonnie Johnson -Rocket Scientist, Served Up Soggy, July 31, 2001, The New York Times.
  2. ^ a b c d "Lonnie George Johnson". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Lonnie G. Johnson | African American Inventors | Scholastic.com". teacher.scholastic.com. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  4. ^ a b c d "The father of the Super Soaker". BBC News. 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  5. ^ a b "Lonnie Johnson". Biography. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  6. ^ Ward, Logan (November 2010). "Shooting for the Sun". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
  7. ^ a b "BHM Highlight: Lonnie G Johnson, Air Force engineer and inventor of the Super Soaker". Liberty Science Center. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  8. ^ "Inventor, alumnus Lonnie Johnson '73 returns to Tuskegee for Feb. 23 public lecture | Tuskegee University". www.tuskegee.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  9. ^ a b "Award Honoree". Trumpet Awards. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  10. ^ a b Pagan, Kennedy (August 2, 2013). "Who Made That Super Soaker?". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  11. ^ a b "Lonnie G. Johnson 1949–". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  12. ^ "Summer Inventions: A NASA Engineer Created the Super Soaker?!". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. 2014-07-21. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  13. ^ Wheeler, Candace (July 16, 2015). "Super Soaker Inventor Now Engineers Batteries At Atlanta Lab". WABE. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  14. ^ "Excellatron – the Company". www.excellatron.com. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  15. ^ a b Kremer, William (August 16, 2016). "Lonnie Johnson: The father of the Super Soaker". BBC News. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
  16. ^ Karlin, S. (2002-07-01). "From squirts to hertz [Lonnie Johnson, inventor]". IEEE Spectrum. 39 (7): 46–48. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2002.1015464. ISSN 0018-9235.
  17. ^ "Larami Super Soakers Is Whetting Hasbro Inc.'s Appetite This Is The Third Time The Toy Maker Has Been Sold". philly-archives. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  18. ^ Seward, Christopher. "Super Soaker creator awarded $72.9M from Hasbro". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  19. ^ "Super Soaker". National Toy Hall of Fame.
  20. ^ Tribune, Atlanta (2017-12-05). "2017 Hall of Fame Inductee: Dr. Lonnie Johnson". Atlanta Tribune. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  21. ^ Waxman, Olivia B. (November 5, 2015). "See Which Toys Were Just Inducted Into the National Toy Hall of Fame". Time. Retrieved August 7, 2022.

General references

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