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Tanba^[1] Province (丹波国, Tanba no kuni) was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures.^[2] Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima. Tango, Wakasa, and Yamashiro provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (丹州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of Kameoka, although the exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is the Izumo-daijingū also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi).

History

Before the establishment of the Ritsuryō system, the area was under control of the Tanba Kokuzō and included both the Tanba and Tango areas. The province of Tango was created in 713 during the reign of Empress Genmei by separating the northern five districts (Kasa District, Yoza District, Tamba District (later Naka District), Takeno District, and Kumano District) into "Tango", and the districts closer to the capital as "Tanba".^[3] The Tanba area is rugged, and can be roughly divided into several river basins separated by mountains. For this reason, historically the province has been difficult to govern as a whole. On the other hand, its proximity to the capital gave it a strategic importance. During the Muromachi period, the Hosokawa clan were the shugo of the province, but governed through their proxies, the Naito clan. During the late Sengoku period, the province was conquered by Akechi Mitsuhide, and after his defeat by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Yamasaki in the aftermath of the assassination of Oda Nobunaga, it was governed by a succession of relatives of the Toyotomi clan. In the Edo Period, Tanba was governed by a mosaic of mostly fudai daimyō domains, who were considered more reliable by the Tokugawa shogunate and who could be called upon when necessary for the defense of Kyoto and Osaka.

Bakumatsu period domains
Name	Clan	Type	kokudaka
Sasayama	Aoyama clan	Fudai	60,000 koku
Tanba-Kameyama	Katanobara-Matsudaira clan	Fudai	50,000 koku
Kaibara	Oda clan	Tozama	36,000 koku
Fukuyama	Kutsuki clan	Fudai	32,000 koku
Sonobe	Koide clan	Fudai	24,000 koku
Ayabe	Kuki clan	Tozama	19,500 koku
Yamaga	Tani clan	Tozama	10.000 koku

Meiji period

Following the Meiji restoration, Tanba was divided into six districts. ^[4] Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 970 villages with a total kokudaka of 331,954 koku.

Districts of Tango Province
District	kokudaka	Controlled by	at present	Currently
Kuwata (熊野郡)	56,227 koku	218 villages: Tenryō, Imperial family, Kuge, Tanba-Kameyama, Sonobe, Sasayama, Takatsuki		most of Kameoka, parts of Nantan, Kyoto, Takatsuki and Toyono
Funai (船井郡)	52,140 koku	210 villages: Tenryō, Imperial Family, Sonobe, Tanba-Kameyama, Sasayama, Ayabe Tsurumaki		part of Nantan and Kameoka
Ikaruga (何鹿郡)	49,525 koku	136 villages: Tenryō, Ayabe, Yamake, Sonobe, Kaibara, Sasayama, Yunagaya, Okabe	dissolved	Fukuchiyama, small part of Ayabe
Amata (天田郡)	52,059 koku	119 villages: Tenryō, Fukuchiyama, Ayabe, Iino,Tsurumaki, Kaibara, Sasayama, Okabe	dissolved	Fukuchiyama
Hikami (氷上郡)	68,546 koku	172 villages: Tenryō , Kuge, Kaibara, Tanba-Kameyama, Yunagaya, Tsurumaki, Sanda, Yamakami	dissolved	Tanba
Taki (多紀郡)	53,453 koku	115 villages: Sasayama	dissolved	Tamba-Sayayama, Hyogo

Gallery

Kono Jinja, ichinomiya of the province
Ruins of Tanba Kokubun-ji
Sasayama Castle
Kameyama Castle

Notes

^ Spelling note: A modified Hepburn romanization system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including English. Unlike the standard system, the "n" is maintained even when followed by "homorganic consonants" (e.g., shinbun, not shimbun).
^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tanba" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 943, p. 943, at Google Books.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 64., p. 64, at Google Books
^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.

References

Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Ōdai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.

External links

Media related to Tamba Province at Wikimedia Commons

Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

35°13′42″N 135°20′58″E / 35.22833°N 135.34944°E / 35.22833; 135.34944

This Hyōgo Prefecture location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This Kyoto Prefecture location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Spelling note: A modified Hepburn romanization system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including English. Unlike the standard system, the "n" is maintained even when followed by "homorganic consonants" (e.g., shinbun, not shimbun).

[2] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tanba" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 943, p. 943, at Google Books.

[Titsingh64-3] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 64., p. 64, at Google Books

[4] Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[File:Provinces of Japan-Tamba.svg|thumb|300px|right|Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Tanba Province highlighted]]
-{{nihongo|'''Tanba<ref>Spelling note: A modified [[Hepburn romanization]] system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including [[English language|English]].  Unlike the standard system, the "''n''" is maintained even when followed by "[[homorganic consonants]]" (e.g., ''shinbun'', not ''shimbun'').</ref> Province'''|丹波国|Tanba no kuni}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province of Japan]] in the area of central [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]] and east-central [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]s.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Tanba''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 943|page=943}}.</ref>  Tanba bordered on [[Harima Province|Harima]], [[Ōmi Province|Ōmi]], [[Settsu Province|Settsu]], [[Tajima Province|Tajima]], [[Wakasa Province|Wakasa]], and [[Yamashiro Province|Yamashiro]] Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was {{nihongo|'''Tanshū'''|丹州|}}. In terms of the [[Gokishichidō]] system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the [[San'indō]] circuit. Under the ''[[Engishiki]]'' classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of [[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]], although the exact location remains uncertain. The ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of the province is the [[Izumo-daijingū]] also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of {{convert|1,283.43|sqkm|sqmi}}.
+{{nihongo|'''Tanba<ref>Spelling note: A modified [[Hepburn romanization]] system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including [[English language|English]].  Unlike the standard system, the "''n''" is maintained even when followed by "[[homorganic consonants]]" (e.g., ''shinbun'', not ''shimbun'').</ref> Province'''|丹波国|Tanba no kuni}} was a [[Provinces of Japan|province of Japan]] in the area of central [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]] and east-central [[Hyōgo Prefecture]]s.<ref>[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Tanba''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 943|page=943}}.</ref>  Tanba bordered on [[Harima Province|Harima]], [[Ōmi Province|Ōmi]], [[Settsu Province|Settsu]], [[Tajima Province|Tajima]]. [[Tango Province|Tango]], [[Wakasa Province|Wakasa]], and [[Yamashiro Province|Yamashiro]] provinces. Its abbreviated form name was {{nihongo|'''Tanshū'''|丹州|}}. In terms of the [[Gokishichidō]] system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the [[San'indō]] circuit. Under the ''[[Engishiki]]'' classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of [[Kameoka, Kyoto|Kameoka]], although the exact location remains uncertain. The ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of the province is the [[Izumo-daijingū]] also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of {{convert|1,283.43|sqkm|sqmi}}.
 [[File:37 Tamba n.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hiroshige]] ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' "Tanba" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting the Kanegasaka Pass]]

v t e Former provinces of Japan (List)
Kinai	Izumi Kawachi Settsu Yamashiro Yamato Yoshino 716–738
Tōkaidō	Awa Hitachi Iga Ise Izu Kai Kazusa Mikawa Musashi Owari Sagami Shima Shimōsa Suruga Tōtōmi
Tōsandō	Dewa -1869 Hida Iwaki 718–724 Iwaki 1869– Iwase 718–724 Iwashiro 1869– Kōzuke Mino Ōmi Mutsu –1869 Rikuō (or Mutsu) 1869– Rikuchū 1869– Rikuzen 1869– Shimotsuke Shinano Suwa 721–731 Ugo 1869– Uzen 1869–
Hokurikudō	Echigo Echizen Etchū Kaga Noto Sado Wakasa
San'indō	Hōki Inaba Izumo Iwami Oki Tajima Tanba Tango
San'yōdō	Aki Bingo Bitchū Bizen Harima Mimasaka Nagato Suō
Nankaidō	Awa Awaji Iyo Kii Sanuki Tosa
Saikaidō	Bungo Buzen Chikugo Chikuzen Higo Hizen Hyūga Iki Ōsumi Satsuma Tane 702–824 Tsushima
Hokkaidō 1869–	Chishima Hidaka Iburi Ishikari Kitami Kushiro Nemuro Oshima Shiribeshi Teshio Tokachi
Pre-Taihō Code provinces	Chichibu Fusa Hi Keno Kibi Koshi Kumaso Toyo Tsukushi
Source: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books; excerpt, "Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government ... [and] grouped, according to geographic position, into the 'five provinces of the Kinai' and 'seven circuits'."

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