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{{Short description|Soviet Estonian politician (1923–2022)}}
{{Short description|Soviet communist politician (1923–2022)}}
{{Expand Estonian|Karl Vaino|date=January 2011}}
{{Expand Estonian|Karl Vaino|date=January 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
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'''Karl Genrikhovich Vaino''' ({{lang-et|Karl Vaino}}; {{lang-ru|Карл Генрихович Вайно}}; ''alias'' '''Kirill Voinov''';<ref>Romuald J. Misuanas ja Rein Taagepera, [https://books.google.fi/books?id=FJejwedGesMC&pg=PA198 Years of Dependence]. p. 198 ("Käbin's successor Karl Vaino (born in Tomsk, Siberia) initially came to Estonia in 1947, apparentyly carrying the Russian name Kirill Voinov")</ref> 28 May 1923 – 12 February 2022) was an [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonian SSR]] politician. From 1978 to 1988 he served as the First Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Estonia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaino, Karl|url=http://www.estonica.org/en/Vaino,_Karl|publisher=[[Estonica]].org}}</ref>
'''Karl Genrikhovich Vaino''' ({{lang-et|Karl Vaino}}; {{lang-ru|Карл Генрихович Вайно}}; ''alias'' '''Kirill Voinov''';<ref>Romuald J. Misuanas ja Rein Taagepera, [https://books.google.fi/books?id=FJejwedGesMC&pg=PA198 Years of Dependence]. p. 198 ("Käbin's successor Karl Vaino (born in Tomsk, Siberia) initially came to Estonia in 1947, apparently carrying the Russian name Kirill Voinov")</ref> 28 May 1923 – 12 February 2022) was a Russian-born Soviet politician in Soviet-occupied Estonia. In 1978–1988 he was the formal leader of the [[Communist Party of Estonia|Communist Party]] of the [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonian SSR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaino, Karl|url=http://www.estonica.org/en/Vaino,_Karl|publisher=[[Estonica]].org}}</ref>


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
Vaino was born in May 1923 in the [[Siberia]]n city of [[Tomsk]]. He was born in the family of the communist ([[bolshevik]]) Genrikh Vaino (born Heinrich Vaino; 1889–1965), who moved from Estonia in 1918, and Lydia Savi, the daughter of Estonian immigrants who had settled in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. Heinrich, after the bolsheviks' failed uprising in the 1918–1920 [[Estonian War of Independence]], fled to Soviet Russia.
Karl Genrikhovich Vaino was born in 1923 and raised in the city of [[Tomsk]], [[Siberia]], in then [[Soviet Russia]]. His father Genrikh (or Heinrich Vaino; 1889–1965) was an active [[Bolshevik]] and mother Lydia ''[[née]]'' Savi was a daughter of Estonian immigrants who had settled in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. Genrikh had briefly moved to Estonia in 1918, but returned to Siberia after the Bolshevik Russian invasion into Estonia had failed in the 1918–1920 [[Estonian War of Independence]].


After graduating from what is now the [[Omsk State Transport University]] in 1947, Vaino worked in engineering and technical jobs on the railway in the Estonian SSR. He joined the CPSU in 1947. He served as Secretary of the Tallinn Regional Committee from 1948–1953. In the 1960s and 1970s, he also served as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia. He graduated from the Correspondence Higher Party School in 1957.
After graduating from what is now the [[Omsk State Transport University]] in 1947, Vaino moved to then Soviet-occupied Estonia, and started worked in engineering and technical jobs on the railway. He joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) in 1947. He served as Secretary of the Communist Party's [[Tallinn]] Regional Committee from 1948–1953. In the 1960s and 1970s, he also served as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the [[Estonian SSR]]. He graduated from the Correspondence Higher Party School in 1957.


==Leader of the Estonian SSR==
==Leader of the Estonian SSR==
Having lived his early life in Russia, Vaino did not speak [[Estonian language|Estonian]] very well, and did so with a thick Russian accent. For this, he was considered to be perfect for the role of First Secretary, being a so-called "[[Yestonians|Yestonian]]". On 26 July 1978, the incumbent First Secretary of the past 28 years, [[Johannes Käbin]], who was considered to be too moderate for the ongoing [[Era of Stagnation]] Russification, was forced to resign from his post and was replaced by Vaino.
Having lived his early life in Russia, Vaino was a native speaker of [[Russian language]]. He was not able to speak [[Estonian language|Estonian]] very well, and did so with a thick Russian accent. For this, he was considered to be perfect for the role of First Secretary, being a so-called "[[Yestonians|Yestonian]]". On 26 July 1978, the incumbent First Secretary of the past 28 years, [[Johannes Käbin]], who was considered to be too moderate for the ongoing [[Era of Stagnation]] Russification, was forced to resign from his post and was replaced by Vaino.


As the First secretary, Vaino acquired a reputation of being an extreme [[Russification|Russificator]]. With a dismissive attitude towards Estonian language and culture, he was not popular amongst [[Estonians]]. He delivered public speeches mostly in [[Russian language|Russian]], one notable exception being at the 350th anniversary of [[University of Tartu|Tartu State University]], where he presented awards to university workers, speaking in Estonian with a thick Russian accent. In 1979, an unsuccessful attempt was made on his life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nlobooks.ru/node/4019 |title="Колесо истории не вертелось, оно скатывалось". |accessdate=15 January 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116175725/http://www.nlobooks.ru/node/4019 |archivedate=16 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://refdb.ru/look/1675215-p8.html Эстонское национально-демократическое движение.]</ref>
As the First secretary, Vaino acquired a reputation of being an extreme [[Russification|Russificator]]. With a dismissive attitude towards Estonian language and culture, he was not popular amongst [[Estonians]]. He delivered public speeches mostly in [[Russian language|Russian]], one notable exception being at the 350th anniversary of [[University of Tartu|Tartu State University]], where he presented awards to university workers, speaking in Estonian with a thick Russian accent. In 1979, an unsuccessful attempt was made on his life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nlobooks.ru/node/4019 |title="Колесо истории не вертелось, оно скатывалось". |accessdate=15 January 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116175725/http://www.nlobooks.ru/node/4019 |archivedate=16 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://refdb.ru/look/1675215-p8.html Эстонское национально-демократическое движение.]</ref>
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[[Category:People from Tomsk]]
[[Category:People from Tomsk]]
[[Category:Russian emigrants to Estonia]]
[[Category:Russian emigrants to Estonia]]
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to Estonia]]
[[Category:People from Tomsk Governorate]]
[[Category:People from Tomsk Governorate]]
[[Category:Heads of the Communist Party of Estonia]]
[[Category:Heads of the Communist Party of Estonia]]

Revision as of 11:58, 16 February 2023

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Genrikhovich and the family name is Vaino.
Karl Vaino
Vaino in 1987
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Estonia
In office
26 July 1978 – 16 June 1988
Preceded byJohannes Käbin
Succeeded byVaino Väljas
Personal details
Born(1923-05-28)28 May 1923
Tomsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died12 February 2022(2022-02-12) (aged 98)[1]
Moscow, Russia
Resting placeFederal Military Memorial Cemetery
CitizenshipSoviet and Russian
Political partyCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (1940–1989)
RelationsAnton Vaino (grandson)
Alma materOmsk State Transport University

Karl Genrikhovich Vaino (Template:Lang-et; Template:Lang-ru; alias Kirill Voinov;[2] 28 May 1923 – 12 February 2022) was a Russian-born Soviet politician in Soviet-occupied Estonia. In 1978–1988 he was the formal leader of the Communist Party of the Estonian SSR.[3]

Early life and career

Karl Genrikhovich Vaino was born in 1923 and raised in the city of Tomsk, Siberia, in then Soviet Russia. His father Genrikh (or Heinrich Vaino; 1889–1965) was an active Bolshevik and mother Lydia née Savi was a daughter of Estonian immigrants who had settled in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. Genrikh had briefly moved to Estonia in 1918, but returned to Siberia after the Bolshevik Russian invasion into Estonia had failed in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence.

After graduating from what is now the Omsk State Transport University in 1947, Vaino moved to then Soviet-occupied Estonia, and started worked in engineering and technical jobs on the railway. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1947. He served as Secretary of the Communist Party's Tallinn Regional Committee from 1948–1953. In the 1960s and 1970s, he also served as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Estonian SSR. He graduated from the Correspondence Higher Party School in 1957.

Leader of the Estonian SSR

Having lived his early life in Russia, Vaino was a native speaker of Russian language. He was not able to speak Estonian very well, and did so with a thick Russian accent. For this, he was considered to be perfect for the role of First Secretary, being a so-called "Yestonian". On 26 July 1978, the incumbent First Secretary of the past 28 years, Johannes Käbin, who was considered to be too moderate for the ongoing Era of Stagnation Russification, was forced to resign from his post and was replaced by Vaino.

As the First secretary, Vaino acquired a reputation of being an extreme Russificator. With a dismissive attitude towards Estonian language and culture, he was not popular amongst Estonians. He delivered public speeches mostly in Russian, one notable exception being at the 350th anniversary of Tartu State University, where he presented awards to university workers, speaking in Estonian with a thick Russian accent. In 1979, an unsuccessful attempt was made on his life.[4][5]

Downfall

In early 1988, the CPE split into national communists and internationalists. Vaino was the leader of the latter, while the former was led by then-Soviet ambassador to Nicaragua Vaino Väljas. Being considered too conservative by the Moscow elite, after almost 10 years, Vaino was forced to resign from his post on 16 June 1988, and replaced by Väljas. Vaino would then move to Moscow, where he had lived ever since. He did not visit Estonia again.[6]

Personal life and death

His daughter Eleonora Kochetova[7] is the daughter in law of Soviet writer Vsevolod Kochetov, and his son Eduard is the Vice President for External Relations at AvtoVAZ. He has two grandsons, Russian politician Anton Vaino[8] and Russian Interior Ministry official Andrey Vaino.

On 19 February 2022, it was announced that Vaino had died at some point earlier in the year, at the age of 98. He was buried on 14 February in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery.[9][10]

Awards

References

  1. ^ Вайно Карл Генрихович (in Russian)
  2. ^ Romuald J. Misuanas ja Rein Taagepera, Years of Dependence. p. 198 ("Käbin's successor Karl Vaino (born in Tomsk, Siberia) initially came to Estonia in 1947, apparently carrying the Russian name Kirill Voinov")
  3. ^ "Vaino, Karl". Estonica.org.
  4. ^ ""Колесо истории не вертелось, оно скатывалось"". Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  5. ^ Эстонское национально-демократическое движение.
  6. ^ "A Pedigree of Repression: Putin's New Chief-of-Staff - UpNorth". 23 August 2016.
  7. ^ Информационный центр (ОНТИ) Химического факультета МГУ
  8. ^ "Latest Kremlin appointment may signal major change". BBC News. 12 August 2016.
  9. ^ Suri endine Eesti kommunistliku partei juht Karl Vaino (in Estonian)
  10. ^ "Вайно Карл Генрихович" (in Russian). ФВМ ПЗО МО РФ. Retrieved 7 February 2023. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
Political offices
Preceded by First Secretary of the Communist Party of Estonia
1978–1988 		Succeeded by
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