Bola language (Austronesian): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language |
{{Infobox language |
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|name=Bola |
|name=Bola |
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|nativename=Bakovi |
|nativename={{lang|bnp|Bakovi}} |
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|states=[[Papua New Guinea]] |
|states=[[Papua New Guinea]] |
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|speakers=14,000 |
|speakers=14,000 |
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/t/ is realized as |
{{IPA|/t/}} is realized as {{IPA|/s, ʃ/}} only when occurring in front of {{IPA|/i/}}. The voiced stops {{IPA|/b d ɡ/}} can often sound prenasalized {{IPA|[ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ]}} among various speakers. {{IPA|/ɣ/}} can be pronounced as a glottal fricative {{IPAblink|h}} among younger speakers. |
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/i/ before vowel sounds /ɑ ɛ ɔ u/ is pronounced as a glide sound {{IPAblink|j}}.<ref>van den Berg & Wiebe (2019)</ref> |
{{IPA|/i/}} before vowel sounds {{IPA|/ɑ ɛ ɔ u/}} is pronounced as a glide sound {{IPAblink|j}}.<ref>van den Berg & Wiebe (2019)</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 09:42, 18 February 2023
| Bola | |
|---|---|
| Bakovi | |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 14,000 (2000 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bnp |
| Glottolog | bola1250 |
| ELP | Bola |
Bola, or Bakovi, is an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea. The Harua (Xarua) dialect developed on a palm plantation.
Phonology
Phonology of the Bola language:[2]
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ |
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g |
| Fricative | β | (s) | ɣ |
| Rhotic | r | ||
| Lateral | l |
/t/ is realized as /s, ʃ/ only when occurring in front of /i/. The voiced stops /b d ɡ/ can often sound prenasalized [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] among various speakers. /ɣ/ can be pronounced as a glottal fricative [h] among younger speakers.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | ɑ |
/i/ before vowel sounds /ɑ ɛ ɔ u/ is pronounced as a glide sound [j].[3]
References
- ^ Bola at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Wiebe, Brent (August 2004). "Bola (Bola-Bakovi) Language [BNP] East New Britain & West New Britain Province" (PDF). Organised Phonology Data.
- ^ van den Berg & Wiebe (2019)
Further reading
- van den Berg, René; Wiebe, Brent (2019), Bola Grammar Sketch (PDF), Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages, 63, Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics, ISBN 9980-0-4482-9
External links
- Organised Phonology Data
- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Ruth, Jonah, and the New Testament in the Bola language of Papua New Guinea