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Per the memoires of Apostolski himself.
Per the memoires of Apostolski himself.
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===During World War II===
===During World War II===
During the [[invasion of Yugoslavia]] in April 1941, he was a commander of the alpine units of the [[Royal Yugoslav Army]] in Ljubljana,<ref name="KG">Kiro Gligorov, ''Macedonia is Everything we Have'', Izdavacki centar TRI, 2001, Skopje {{in lang|mk}} Киро Глигоров, ''Македонија е сѐ што имаме'', Издавачки центар ТРИ, 2001, Скопје</ref> but then was in Belgrade.<ref>Блаже Миневски, Дража Михајловиќ: Вие Македонците сте целосно онеправдани. [https://novamakedonija.com.mk/makedonija/politika/дража-михајловиќ-вие-македонците-сте/ Од НМ - 12:19 06.08.2021].</ref> After the capitulation of Yugoslavia and the subsequent [[Occupation of Vardar Macedonia during World War II|occupation of Vardar Macedonia]], Apostolski moved to [[Ljubljana]], where was captured by the Italian army and was taken to the [[List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Italy|camp Vestone]]. Shortly after, his father, a [[Bulgarian army]] veteran, petitioned the [[Bulgaria]]n [[Minister of War]] to help release Apostolski. He was released due to a Bulgarian intervention by the Italian authorities.<ref name=":0">Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Volume 68 of Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Scarecrow Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0810862956}}, p. 16.</ref>
During the [[invasion of Yugoslavia]] in April 1941, he was a commander of the alpine units of the [[Royal Yugoslav Army]] in Ljubljana,<ref name="KG">Kiro Gligorov, ''Macedonia is Everything we Have'', Izdavacki centar TRI, 2001, Skopje {{in lang|mk}} Киро Глигоров, ''Македонија е сѐ што имаме'', Издавачки центар ТРИ, 2001, Скопје</ref> but then was in Belgrade.<ref>Блаже Миневски, Дража Михајловиќ: Вие Македонците сте целосно онеправдани. [https://novamakedonija.com.mk/makedonija/politika/дража-михајловиќ-вие-македонците-сте/ Од НМ - 12:19 06.08.2021].</ref> After the capitulation of Yugoslavia and the subsequent [[Occupation of Vardar Macedonia during World War II|occupation of Vardar Macedonia]], Apostolski moved back to [[Ljubljana]], where was captured by the Italian army and was taken to the [[List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Italy|camp Vestone]]. Shortly after, his father, a [[Bulgarian army]] veteran, petitioned the [[Bulgaria]]n [[Minister of War]] to help release Apostolski. He was released due to a Bulgarian intervention by the Italian authorities.<ref name=":0">Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Volume 68 of Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Scarecrow Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0810862956}}, p. 16.</ref>


After coming back from prison, Apostolski received a certificate he was a ''trustworthy Bulgarian''.<ref>Михов, Милен Василев, Гребенаров, Александър Георгиев, (2016) Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония - военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война. Българска академия на науките, стр. 97, {{ISBN|9789542903253}}.</ref><ref>Властите в Щип гарантират за българския произход на Михайло Апостолски. Документът е публикуван в „Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония – военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война”, С., 2016, [http://www.mni.bg/2016/07/blog-post_11.html Македонски научен институт, 11/07/2016 г.]</ref> Later he filed an application for appointment in the Bulgarian army.<ref>Македонски научен институт, 13 юли, 2016 г. [http://www.mni.bg/2016/07/mihailo-apostolski-iska-da-stane.html Михайло Апостолски иска да стане български чиновник.]</ref> He was offered the rank of captain, however he refused.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=P-1m1FLtrvsC&pg=PA13&dq=yugoslavia+bulgarian+army+1941+macedonia&hl=en&ei=GGwVTpXfIs66-Aastogw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20bulgarian%20army%201941%20macedonia&f=false ''Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996'', Chris Kostov, Peter Lang, 2010, p. 13.], {{ISBN|3-0343-0196-0}}</ref> Afterwards, Apostolski entered the [[Sofia University]], where he conducted underground work.<ref>Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, OUP Oxford, 2008, {{ISBN|0191528722}}, p. 122.</ref> In April 1942 he became a member of the [[Communist Party of Yugoslavia]], and in June the same year he was appointed commander of the [[Macedonian Partisans|General Staff of the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Macedonia]]. In May 1943 he was promoted to Major General. During the Second Session of [[AVNOJ]] he became a member of the Presidency of AVNOJ.<ref name="ME"/> In addition to the Macedonian brigades operating under his command, in February 1944, he commanded the brigades from [[Kosovo]] and [[Southern and Eastern Serbia|Southern Serbia]].<ref name="ME"/> He became a member of the Initiative committee for the organization of the [[Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia|Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia]]. He participated in the First Session of the [[ASNOM]] and was elected to its presidency.<ref name="ME"/>
After coming back from prison, Apostolski received a certificate he was a ''trustworthy Bulgarian''.<ref>Михов, Милен Василев, Гребенаров, Александър Георгиев, (2016) Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония - военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война. Българска академия на науките, стр. 97, {{ISBN|9789542903253}}.</ref><ref>Властите в Щип гарантират за българския произход на Михайло Апостолски. Документът е публикуван в „Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония – военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война”, С., 2016, [http://www.mni.bg/2016/07/blog-post_11.html Македонски научен институт, 11/07/2016 г.]</ref> Later he filed an application for appointment in the Bulgarian army.<ref>Македонски научен институт, 13 юли, 2016 г. [http://www.mni.bg/2016/07/mihailo-apostolski-iska-da-stane.html Михайло Апостолски иска да стане български чиновник.]</ref> He was offered the rank of captain, however he refused.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=P-1m1FLtrvsC&pg=PA13&dq=yugoslavia+bulgarian+army+1941+macedonia&hl=en&ei=GGwVTpXfIs66-Aastogw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=yugoslavia%20bulgarian%20army%201941%20macedonia&f=false ''Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996'', Chris Kostov, Peter Lang, 2010, p. 13.], {{ISBN|3-0343-0196-0}}</ref> Afterwards, Apostolski entered the [[Sofia University]], where he conducted underground work.<ref>Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, OUP Oxford, 2008, {{ISBN|0191528722}}, p. 122.</ref> In April 1942 he became a member of the [[Communist Party of Yugoslavia]], and in June the same year he was appointed commander of the [[Macedonian Partisans|General Staff of the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Macedonia]]. In May 1943 he was promoted to Major General. During the Second Session of [[AVNOJ]] he became a member of the Presidency of AVNOJ.<ref name="ME"/> In addition to the Macedonian brigades operating under his command, in February 1944, he commanded the brigades from [[Kosovo]] and [[Southern and Eastern Serbia|Southern Serbia]].<ref name="ME"/> He became a member of the Initiative committee for the organization of the [[Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia|Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia]]. He participated in the First Session of the [[ASNOM]] and was elected to its presidency.<ref name="ME"/>

Revision as of 12:33, 20 February 2023

Mihailo Apostolski
Михаило Апостолски
Mihailo Apostolski
BornNovember 8, 1906
Novo Selo, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (present-day North Macedonia)
DiedAugust 7, 1987(1987-08-07) (aged 80)
Dojran, SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia (present-day North Macedonia)
CitizenshipSFR Yugoslavia
EducationMilitary academy in Belgrade
Alma materMilitary Academy, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Occupation(s)colonel general, politician, historian
Known forCommander of the Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army and Partisan detachments in Macedonia during World War II.[1]
Notable workASNOM
TitleDr., PhD.
TermPresident of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (1976–1983)
PredecessorBlaže Koneski (1967–1975)
SuccessorJordan Pop Jordanov (1984–1991)
Political partyCommunist Party of Yugoslavia (since April 1942)
SpouseCveta Apostolska
Parent(s)Mite Apostolski and Vasa Apostolska

Mihailo Apostolski (Template:Lang-mk; born Mihail Mitev Apostolov,[2] Template:Lang-bg;[3] Template:Lang-sr or Mihailo Mitić;[4] November 8, 1906 – August 7, 1987) was a Macedonian general, partisan, military theoretician, politician, academic and historian. He was the commander of the General Staff of the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Macedonia,[1][5] colonel general of the Yugoslav National Army, and was declared a People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

Biography

Early life

Apostolski was born in Novo Selo, in the then Ottoman Empire.[1][5] He attended primary and secondary school in Štip. In 1927 graduated from the Military Academy in Belgrade, capital of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1933 he graduated from the High Military Academy, and in 1938 graduated Commanding Academy as a major.

During World War II

During the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was a commander of the alpine units of the Royal Yugoslav Army in Ljubljana,[6] but then was in Belgrade.[7] After the capitulation of Yugoslavia and the subsequent occupation of Vardar Macedonia, Apostolski moved back to Ljubljana, where was captured by the Italian army and was taken to the camp Vestone. Shortly after, his father, a Bulgarian army veteran, petitioned the Bulgarian Minister of War to help release Apostolski. He was released due to a Bulgarian intervention by the Italian authorities.[8]

After coming back from prison, Apostolski received a certificate he was a trustworthy Bulgarian.[9][10] Later he filed an application for appointment in the Bulgarian army.[11] He was offered the rank of captain, however he refused.[8][12] Afterwards, Apostolski entered the Sofia University, where he conducted underground work.[13] In April 1942 he became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, and in June the same year he was appointed commander of the General Staff of the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Macedonia. In May 1943 he was promoted to Major General. During the Second Session of AVNOJ he became a member of the Presidency of AVNOJ.[1] In addition to the Macedonian brigades operating under his command, in February 1944, he commanded the brigades from Kosovo and Southern Serbia.[1] He became a member of the Initiative committee for the organization of the Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia. He participated in the First Session of the ASNOM and was elected to its presidency.[1]

After World War II

After the Second World War Apostolski became one of the military leaders of new SFRY. After the end of his active military service he began intensively to deal with history of the Macedonian nation. From 1965 to 1970 was head of the Institute of National History in Skopje. He is accused of systematically falsifying history and in the use of hate speech against Bulgaria and the Bulgarian people.[14] On that occasion Apostolski became famous among Bulgarian historians with his phrase: "I have no evidence, but I claim it."[15] He was actively involved in formation of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, of which he was member since its creation. He was president of Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts for the period 1976–1983.[1] He was also member of:

He died on August 7, 1987, in Dojran, SFR Yugoslavia.[1][5]

Legacy

Mihajlo Apostolski in 1976

In 1995, the Military Academy in Republic of Macedonia was named "General Mihailo Apostolski".

His birthplace, the House of Mihajlo Apostolski, is a recognized as an object of Cultural Heritage of North Macedonia.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Македонска енциклопедија, том 1 (in Macedonian). Skopje: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите. 2009. ISBN 9786082030234.
  2. ^ ...He was born in Ottoman Empire in Bulgarian Exarhists family as Mihail Mitev Apostolov...: The Liberation struggles after the First World War, 1919-1944, Dobrin Michev, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Historical Institute (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), 2003, ISBN 9548187612, p. 430.
  3. ^ Bulgarian Archives State Agency, Personalities; № 8: Mihail Mitev Apostolov. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-11-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Бјелајац, Миле; Трифуновић, Предраг (1997). Између војске и политике. Београд, Крушевац: Институт за новију историју Србије, Народни музеј Крушевац. ISBN 86-7005-020-X.
  5. ^ a b c Narodni heroji Jugoslavije, Mladost, Beograd 1975.
  6. ^ Kiro Gligorov, Macedonia is Everything we Have, Izdavacki centar TRI, 2001, Skopje (in Macedonian) Киро Глигоров, Македонија е сѐ што имаме, Издавачки центар ТРИ, 2001, Скопје
  7. ^ Блаже Миневски, Дража Михајловиќ: Вие Македонците сте целосно онеправдани. Од НМ - 12:19 06.08.2021.
  8. ^ a b Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Volume 68 of Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, p. 16.
  9. ^ Михов, Милен Василев, Гребенаров, Александър Георгиев, (2016) Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония - военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война. Българска академия на науките, стр. 97, ISBN 9789542903253.
  10. ^ Властите в Щип гарантират за българския произход на Михайло Апостолски. Документът е публикуван в „Освобождението на българи от Вардарска Македония – военнопленници от бившата югославска армия през Втората световна война”, С., 2016, Македонски научен институт, 11/07/2016 г.
  11. ^ Македонски научен институт, 13 юли, 2016 г. Михайло Апостолски иска да стане български чиновник.
  12. ^ Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Chris Kostov, Peter Lang, 2010, p. 13., ISBN 3-0343-0196-0
  13. ^ Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, OUP Oxford, 2008, ISBN 0191528722, p. 122.
  14. ^ 40. Противобългарската дейност на Темпо и неговите сподвижници - Апостоловски и Колишевски - II
  15. ^ Венко Марковски, "Кръвта вода не става", София, издателство на БАН, 1981 стр. 100.
  16. ^ "Национален регистар на објекти кои се заштитно културно наследство" [National register of buildings that are protected cultural heritage] (in Macedonian). Ministry of Culture. 2012. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
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