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Alter: url, pages. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: id, title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Smasongarrison | Category:Phonetics | #UCB_Category 43/167
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As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called '''[[Voice (phonetics)|voice]]''' or '''voicing''' or '''pronunciation'''.
As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called '''[[Voice (phonetics)|voice]]''' or '''voicing''' or '''pronunciation'''.


Sound production that involves moving the vocal folds close together is called ''glottal''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Introductory Phonology|last=Hayes|first=Bruce|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-8411-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryphon00haye}}</ref> English has a [[Voiceless glottal fricative|voiceless glottal transition]] spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis.<ref name=":0" /> In many accents of English the [[glottal stop]] (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant [[allophone]] of the phoneme {{IPA|/t/}} (and in some dialects, occasionally of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/p/}}); in some languages, this sound is a [[phoneme]] of its own. This is the case with the [[Klingon language]] developed for the science fiction series [[Star Trek]], which treats the glottal stop as its own letter, represented by the [[apostrophe]]. <ref>http://klingon.wiki/En/Apostrophe</ref>
Sound production that involves moving the vocal folds close together is called ''glottal''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Introductory Phonology|last=Hayes|first=Bruce|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-8411-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryphon00haye}}</ref> English has a [[Voiceless glottal fricative|voiceless glottal transition]] spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis.<ref name=":0" /> In many accents of English the [[glottal stop]] (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant [[allophone]] of the phoneme {{IPA|/t/}} (and in some dialects, occasionally of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/p/}}); in some languages, this sound is a [[phoneme]] of its own. This is the case with the [[Klingon language]] developed for the science fiction series [[Star Trek]], which treats the glottal stop as its own letter, represented by the [[apostrophe]]. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://klingon.wiki/En/Apostrophe | title=Apostrophe – Klingon Language Wiki }}</ref>


Skilled players of the Australian [[didgeridoo]] restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of timbres available on the instrument.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/43639a |pmid=16001056 |title=Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7047 |pages=39 |year=2005 |last1=Tarnopolsky |first1=Alex |last2=Fletcher |first2=Neville |last3=Hollenberg |first3=Lloyd |last4=Lange |first4=Benjamin |last5=Smith |first5=John |last6=Wolfe |first6=Joe |bibcode=2005Natur.436...39T |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/82233/8/01_Fletcher_Vocal_Tract_2005.pdf |hdl=1885/125584 |s2cid=4395889 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Skilled players of the Australian [[didgeridoo]] restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of timbres available on the instrument.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/43639a |pmid=16001056 |title=Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7047 |pages=39 |year=2005 |last1=Tarnopolsky |first1=Alex |last2=Fletcher |first2=Neville |last3=Hollenberg |first3=Lloyd |last4=Lange |first4=Benjamin |last5=Smith |first5=John |last6=Wolfe |first6=Joe |bibcode=2005Natur.436...39T |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/82233/8/01_Fletcher_Vocal_Tract_2005.pdf |hdl=1885/125584 |s2cid=4395889 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>


The vibration produced is an essential component of ''voiced'' [[consonant]]s as well as [[vowel]]s. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De'Ath |first=Leslie |date=2016 |title=Linguistics and Lyric Diction - A Personal Retrospective and a Selective Glossary |url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/linguistics-lyric-diction-personal-retrospective/docview/1774332500/se-2 |journal=Journal of Singing |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=465-474 |via=ProQuest}}</ref>
The vibration produced is an essential component of ''voiced'' [[consonant]]s as well as [[vowel]]s. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De'Ath |first=Leslie |date=2016 |title=Linguistics and Lyric Diction - A Personal Retrospective and a Selective Glossary |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1774332500 |journal=Journal of Singing |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=465–474 |id={{ProQuest|1774332500}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref>


The glottis is also important in the [[valsalva maneuver]].
The glottis is also important in the [[valsalva maneuver]].

Revision as of 23:23, 24 February 2023

Not to be confused with Glottis (Grim Fandango).

Glottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Glottis positions
Identifiers
MeSHD005931
TA98A06.2.09.012
TA23197
FMA55414
Anatomical terminology

The glottis is the opening between the vocal folds[1] (the rima glottidis).[2] The glottis is crucial in producing vowels and voiced consonants.

Etymology

From Ancient Greek γλωττίς (glōttís), derived from γλῶττα (glôtta), variant of γλῶσσα (glôssa, "tongue").[3]

Function

Phonation

Main article: Phonation

As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing or pronunciation.

Sound production that involves moving the vocal folds close together is called glottal.[4] English has a voiceless glottal transition spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis.[4] In many accents of English the glottal stop (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant allophone of the phoneme /t/ (and in some dialects, occasionally of /k/ and /p/); in some languages, this sound is a phoneme of its own. This is the case with the Klingon language developed for the science fiction series Star Trek, which treats the glottal stop as its own letter, represented by the apostrophe. [5]

Skilled players of the Australian didgeridoo restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of timbres available on the instrument.[6]

The vibration produced is an essential component of voiced consonants as well as vowels. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.[citation needed][7]

The glottis is also important in the valsalva maneuver.

  • Voiced consonants include /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ð/, /b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /enwiki/w/.
  • Voiceless consonants include /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /θ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʍ/, and /h/.

Additional images

  • Larynx
    Larynx
  • The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.
    The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.
  • The entrance to the larynx.
    The entrance to the larynx.
  • Glottis
    Glottis
  • Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.
    Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.
  • Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.
    Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.
  • Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.
    Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection.Posterior view.

References

  1. ^ Ladefoged, Peter. 2006. A course in Phonetics. UCLA.
  2. ^ WebMD (2009). "glottis". Webster's New World Medical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-544-18897-6.
  3. ^ wikt:glottis
  4. ^ a b Hayes, Bruce (2009). Introductory Phonology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8411-3.
  5. ^ "Apostrophe – Klingon Language Wiki".
  6. ^ Tarnopolsky, Alex; Fletcher, Neville; Hollenberg, Lloyd; Lange, Benjamin; Smith, John; Wolfe, Joe (2005). "Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo" (PDF). Nature. 436 (7047): 39. Bibcode:2005Natur.436...39T. doi:10.1038/43639a. hdl:1885/125584. PMID 16001056. S2CID 4395889.
  7. ^ De'Ath, Leslie (2016). "Linguistics and Lyric Diction - A Personal Retrospective and a Selective Glossary". Journal of Singing. 72 (4): 465–474. ProQuest 1774332500 – via ProQuest.
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