Jump to content

Ming Ancestors Mausoleum: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 33°05′20″N 118°28′20″E / 33.08889°N 118.47222°E / 33.08889; 118.47222
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
AnomieBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots
6,576,631 edits
m Dating maintenance tags: {{How?}} {{What?}} {{When?}}
Line 92: Line 92:
Not until the dry season of 1966{{mdash}}in some sources 1963 or 1964<ref name=dan/>{{mdash}}did the mausoleum resurface. It was initially [[Excavation (archaeology)|excavated]] in 1976. In 1980, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture allocated funds to repair it. The original Xiang Hall and Pei Hall were thought destroyed and without remains, but surfaced during a drought in May 2011.
Not until the dry season of 1966{{mdash}}in some sources 1963 or 1964<ref name=dan/>{{mdash}}did the mausoleum resurface. It was initially [[Excavation (archaeology)|excavated]] in 1976. In 1980, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture allocated funds to repair it. The original Xiang Hall and Pei Hall were thought destroyed and without remains, but surfaced during a drought in May 2011.


In front of the mausoleum there are several gravestones and ornamental columns which are preserved. The [[sacred way]] is among the most . Today, the total area of the mausoleum is {{convert|351,000|m2|acre|sp=us}}. It contains over 9700 trees, including pines, cypresses, poplars, and willows. An arch bridge and five exhibition rooms have been newly built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jiangsu.chinadaily.com.cn/xuyi/2011-06/02/content_12630722.htm|title=Ming Ancestors Mausoleum|date=2 June 2011|access-date=24 April 2012|publisher=china daily. 中国日报}}</ref> Prolonged drought along the [[Yangtze River]]<ref name="Yangtze River">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34069.htm|title=Yangtze River|publisher=中国文化网, CHINACULTURE.ORG|access-date=April 22, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608044525/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34069.htm|archive-date=June 8, 2012}}</ref> and Huai River lowered the level of Hongze Lake during the 2010s. The nine arches of the Ming Ancestors Mausoleum, beams under the arches, and most of the top of the paved path leading to the mausoleum are buried deep under the silt in the pond, only showing an outline. In order to protect the cultural relics after being unearthed, the site was submerged again.{{what?}}{{how?}}{{when?}}
In front of the mausoleum there are several gravestones and ornamental columns which are preserved. The [[sacred way]] is among the most . Today, the total area of the mausoleum is {{convert|351,000|m2|acre|sp=us}}. It contains over 9700 trees, including pines, cypresses, poplars, and willows. An arch bridge and five exhibition rooms have been newly built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jiangsu.chinadaily.com.cn/xuyi/2011-06/02/content_12630722.htm|title=Ming Ancestors Mausoleum|date=2 June 2011|access-date=24 April 2012|publisher=china daily. 中国日报}}</ref> Prolonged drought along the [[Yangtze River]]<ref name="Yangtze River">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34069.htm|title=Yangtze River|publisher=中国文化网, CHINACULTURE.ORG|access-date=April 22, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608044525/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_34069.htm|archive-date=June 8, 2012}}</ref> and Huai River lowered the level of Hongze Lake during the 2010s. The nine arches of the Ming Ancestors Mausoleum, beams under the arches, and most of the top of the paved path leading to the mausoleum are buried deep under the silt in the pond, only showing an outline. In order to protect the cultural relics after being unearthed, the site was submerged again.{{what?|date=February 2023}}{{how?|date=February 2023}}{{when?|date=February 2023}}


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 04:46, 25 February 2023

Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
明祖陵
The Southern Red Gate
The Southern Gate of the tomb complex
Ming Ancestors Mausoleum is located in China
Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
Location in China
General information
Town or cityXuyi
Huai'an Prefecture
Jiangsu Province
CountryChina
Coordinates33°4′55.81″N 118°28′39.63″E / 33.0821694°N 118.4776750°E / 33.0821694; 118.4776750
CompletedHongwu 19 (洪武丙寅)[1]
1386[2]
Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
Chinese明祖陵
Literal meaningTomb of the Ancestors of the Ming
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinMíngzǔlíng
Míng Zǔlíng
Wade–GilesMing-tzu-ling
Ming Tsu-ling

The Ming Ancestors Mausoleum, Mingzuling, or Zuling Tomb[3] was the first imperial mausoleum complex of the Ming dynasty[4][5] and a cenotaph located north of the former city of Sizhou in present-day Xuyi County, Huai'an. It is located beside Hongze Lake[6] north of Huai River[7] in Jiangsu Province, China.

It was built by Zhu Yuanzhang,[8][9] the Hongwu Emperor who founded the Ming, in 1386 to honor his grandfather Zhu Chuyi, his great-grandfather Zhu Sigiu, and his great-great-grandfather Zhu Bailiu[2] and to display his own filial piety.[10] Although the dates of their birth and death are uncertain,[2] it is known they were posthumously revered as emperors, Zhu Chuyi as the Xi Ancestor of the Ming (Xizu), Zhu Sigiu as the Yi Ancestor of the Ming (Yizu), and Zhu Bailiu as the De Ancestor of the Ming (Dezu).[2]

Layout

See also: Chinese burial

The site closely followed fengshui principles, establishing a template that would be copied by other tombs through the Ming and Qing dynasties.[10] It was in a broad valley with mountains to the north, lower hills east and west, and a southern-facing slope with good drainage.[10] A main sacred way was built through the center, several kilometers long, with lesser sacred ways leading from it to each of the separate tombs.[10] The entrance of the way was a portico with several doors for visitors of differing status, after which it passed through or beside several courtyards and buildings including a reception pavilion and a commemorative pavilion housing the deceased's tablets of divine merit, followed by rows of paired statuary representing symbolic animals and effigies of ministers and generals.[10] After stone bridges over geomantically placed streams and a dragon and phoenix portico, a second complex of buildings offered a hall of meditation and a memorial tower leading to the burial mound.[10] The mausoleums themselves held traditional trapezoidal tombs and followed the usual symmetrical arrangement of the burial chamber from the Qin until Zhu Yuanzhang's own burial.[11]

History

Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming, constructed the complex in the 19th year of the Hongwu Era using the Chinese lunisolar calendar (1386).[1] His grandfather Zhu Chuyi was exhumed and reburied within the complex; the other two mausoleums are empty and honorary.[1]

In 1680 during the Qing dynasty, the Yellow River—then still flowing south of Shandong—changed its course and merged with the Huai River. The quickly accumulated river sediment blocked the flow of the Huai, enlarging Hongze Lake, which submerged the mausoleum complex along with the nearby city of Sizhou.[12][13]

Not until the dry season of 1966—in some sources 1963 or 1964[12]—did the mausoleum resurface. It was initially excavated in 1976. In 1980, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture allocated funds to repair it. The original Xiang Hall and Pei Hall were thought destroyed and without remains, but surfaced during a drought in May 2011.

In front of the mausoleum there are several gravestones and ornamental columns which are preserved. The sacred way is among the most . Today, the total area of the mausoleum is 351,000 square meters (87 acres). It contains over 9700 trees, including pines, cypresses, poplars, and willows. An arch bridge and five exhibition rooms have been newly built.[14] Prolonged drought along the Yangtze River[15] and Huai River lowered the level of Hongze Lake during the 2010s. The nine arches of the Ming Ancestors Mausoleum, beams under the arches, and most of the top of the paved path leading to the mausoleum are buried deep under the silt in the pond, only showing an outline. In order to protect the cultural relics after being unearthed, the site was submerged again.[clarification needed][how?][when?]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Yuanlin (2023).
  2. ^ a b c d SACH (2000), p. 173.
  3. ^ SACH (2000), p. 171.
  4. ^ "Ming dynasty". Travel China Guide.
  5. ^ "Ming Dynasty". 中国文化网,. Retrieved 22 April 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  6. ^ "Hongze Lake". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  7. ^ "Huaian". Jiangsu.NET,2006-2011. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  8. ^ Claudia, Miclaus. "Zhu Yuanzhang---The Hongwu Emperor". Buzzle.com.9/29/2011.
  9. ^ "明太祖--朱元璋 (Founder of Ming dynasty---Zhu Yuanzhang, 1328-1398)". greatchinese.com.
  10. ^ a b c d e f SACH (2000), p. 179.
  11. ^ SACH (2000), p. 253.
  12. ^ a b Eric N. Danielson, "The Ming Ancestor Tomb Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine". CHINA HERITAGE QUARTERLY, No. 16, December 2008.
  13. ^ 二月河. 康熙大帝 (Emperor Kangxi). 长江文艺出版社 (Changjiang Literature & Art Press).
  14. ^ "Ming Ancestors Mausoleum". china daily. 中国日报. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  15. ^ "Yangtze River". 中国文化网, CHINACULTURE.ORG. Archived from the original on June 8, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2012.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • 蒋中健 (1990). 明代第一陵. 江苏古籍出版社.
  • 戚善成 (2000). "明祖陵". 江苏政协 (3). 政协江苏省委员会.

33°05′20″N 118°28′20″E / 33.08889°N 118.47222°E / 33.08889; 118.47222

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ming_Ancestors_Mausoleum&oldid=1141458483"