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'''''Calliophis castoe''''', or '''Castoe's coral snake''', is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB/> The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Western Ghats]] in western peninsular [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal| |
'''''Calliophis castoe''''', or '''Castoe's coral snake''', is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB/> The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Western Ghats]] in western peninsular [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Eric N.|last2=Ogale|first2=Hemant|last3=Deepak|first3=V.|last4=Giri|first4=Varad B.|date=2012-08-24|title=A new species of coralsnake of the genus ''Calliophis'' (Squamata: Elapidae) from the west coast of peninsular India|url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3437.1.5|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3437|issue=1|pages=51–68|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3437.1.5 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==Geographic range== |
==Geographic range== |
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Castoe's coral snake is found in semi-evergreen and wet forests in the central part of [[Western Ghats]] across [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":0" /> Despite its occurrence in lowland and mountainous parts of relatively well-populated areas, it was described only in 2009. Earlier collectors such as [[Herbert Musgrave Phipson|Phipson]] and [[Frank Wall (herpetologist)|Wall]] had collected dark specimens of ''[[Calliophis nigrescens|C. nigrescens]]'' from locations that record this species, which have now been identified as ''C. castoe''.<ref name=":0" /> In 1887, in a paper describing 10 venomous snakes of the (then) [[Bombay Presidency]], [[Herbert Musgrave Phipson|Phipson]] describes a specimen of what he considered to be ''[[Calliophis nigrescens]]'' collected by [[George William Vidal|Vidal]] in [[Karwar|Carwar (now Karwar in Uttara Kannada)]] and deposited in the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]. Phipson describes the snake as having black upper parts and uniformly red under-parts, possibly based on notes sent in a telegram by Vidal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phipson |first=H.M.|title=The poisonous snakes of the Bombay presidency |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15884086|journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]|volume=2|pages=244–250 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> Later on Vidal describes the same specimen in a paper on venomous snakes of [[Uttara Kannada|North Kanara]] as ''C. nigrescens.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vidal|first=G. W.|date=1890|title=A list of the venomous snakes of Kanara; with remarks as to the imperfections of existing records of the distribution of snakes, and facts and statistics showing the influence of ''Echis carinata'' on the death-rate of the Bombay Presidency.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2081408|journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]|volume=5|pages=64–71|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> |
Castoe's coral snake is found in semi-evergreen and wet forests in the central part of [[Western Ghats]] across [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":0" /> Despite its occurrence in lowland and mountainous parts of relatively well-populated areas, it was described only in 2009. Earlier collectors such as [[Herbert Musgrave Phipson|Phipson]] and [[Frank Wall (herpetologist)|Wall]] had collected dark specimens of ''[[Calliophis nigrescens|C. nigrescens]]'' from locations that record this species, which have now been identified as ''C. castoe''.<ref name=":0" /> In 1887, in a paper describing 10 venomous snakes of the (then) [[Bombay Presidency]], [[Herbert Musgrave Phipson|Phipson]] describes a specimen of what he considered to be ''[[Calliophis nigrescens]]'' collected by [[George William Vidal|Vidal]] in [[Karwar|Carwar (now Karwar in Uttara Kannada)]] and deposited in the [[Bombay Natural History Society]]. Phipson describes the snake as having black upper parts and uniformly red under-parts, possibly based on notes sent in a telegram by Vidal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phipson |first=H.M.|title=The poisonous snakes of the Bombay presidency |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15884086|journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]|year=1887 |volume=2|pages=244–250 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> Later on Vidal describes the same specimen in a paper on venomous snakes of [[Uttara Kannada|North Kanara]] as ''C. nigrescens.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vidal|first=G. W.|date=1890|title=A list of the venomous snakes of Kanara; with remarks as to the imperfections of existing records of the distribution of snakes, and facts and statistics showing the influence of ''Echis carinata'' on the death-rate of the Bombay Presidency.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2081408|journal=[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]|volume=5|pages=64–71|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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Latest revision as of 04:29, 26 February 2023
| Castoe's coral snake | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Genus: | Calliophis |
| Species: | C. castoe
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| Binomial name | |
| Calliophis castoe Smith et al., 2012[2]
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Calliophis castoe, or Castoe's coral snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.[1][3] The species is endemic to Western Ghats in western peninsular India.[2]
Etymology
[edit]C. castoe is named after biologist, Todd A. Castoe.[2][3]
Geographic range
[edit]Castoe's coral snake is found in semi-evergreen and wet forests in the central part of Western Ghats across Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.[2] Despite its occurrence in lowland and mountainous parts of relatively well-populated areas, it was described only in 2009. Earlier collectors such as Phipson and Wall had collected dark specimens of C. nigrescens from locations that record this species, which have now been identified as C. castoe.[2] In 1887, in a paper describing 10 venomous snakes of the (then) Bombay Presidency, Phipson describes a specimen of what he considered to be Calliophis nigrescens collected by Vidal in Carwar (now Karwar in Uttara Kannada) and deposited in the Bombay Natural History Society. Phipson describes the snake as having black upper parts and uniformly red under-parts, possibly based on notes sent in a telegram by Vidal.[4] Later on Vidal describes the same specimen in a paper on venomous snakes of North Kanara as C. nigrescens.[5]
Description
[edit]Adult males measure 536–540 mm (21.1–21.3 in) in total length. The snake is unique from other coral snakes in the region because it lacks a pattern on its vinaceous-brown dorsum, and it has a white lower lip with a salmon color to flame scarlet ventral and lateral areas.[2][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Giri, V.; Achyuthan, N.S. (2021). "Calliophis castoe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T127936154A127936483. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127936154A127936483.en. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Smith, Eric N.; Ogale, Hemant; Deepak, V.; Giri, Varad B. (24 August 2012). "A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the west coast of peninsular India". Zootaxa. 3437 (1): 51–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3437.1.5.
- ^ a b c Calliophis castoe at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 30 March 2021.
- ^ Phipson, H.M. (1887). "The poisonous snakes of the Bombay presidency". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 2: 244–250 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ Vidal, G. W. (1890). "A list of the venomous snakes of Kanara; with remarks as to the imperfections of existing records of the distribution of snakes, and facts and statistics showing the influence of Echis carinata on the death-rate of the Bombay Presidency". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 5: 64–71 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.