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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
{{Year dab|1578}}
|-
{{refimprove|date=January 2016}}
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1575]] [[1576]] [[1577]] - [[1578]] - [[1579]] [[1580]] [[1581]]
{{Year nav|1578}}
|-
{{C16 year in topic}}
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1540s]] [[1550s]] [[1560s]] - '''[[1570s]]''' - [[1580s]] [[1590s]] [[1600s]]
[[File:Lagos46 kopie.jpg|thumb|[[August 4]]: [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]]]]
|-
__NOTOC__
| align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[15th century]] - '''[[16th century]]''' - [[17th century]]
Year '''1578''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
|}
==Events==
*[[January 31]] - [[Battle of Gemblours]] - Spanish forces under [[Don John of Austria]] and [[Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza|Alexander Farnese]] defeat the Dutch. Don John begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands
* [[August 4]] - [[Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir]] - The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King [[Sebastian I of Portugal]] is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, [[Henry I of Portugal|Cardinal Henry]], as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal.
*[[October 1]] - Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, succeeds Don John as Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands.
*[[Tibet]] - [[Sonam Gyrso]] receives from prince Atlan Khan the title of "Talaï" and becomes the third [[Dalai Lama]].
*[[Battle of Wenden]] - The Russians are defeated by the Swedes, who proceed to take [[Polotsk]].
*The [[Ottoman Empire]] conquers [[Abkhazia]].


==Births==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
* [[April 1]] - [[William Harvey]], English physician
* [[April 14]] - King [[Philip III of Spain]]
* [[July 9]] - [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[December 2]] - [[Agostino Agazzari]], composer and writer on music
* [[Giambattista Andreini]], Italian actor and playwright (d. [[1650]])


=== January&ndash;June ===
==Deaths==
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gembloux (1578)|Battle of Gembloux]]: Spanish forces under [[John of Austria|Don John of Austria]] and [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alexander Farnese]] defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking [[Southern Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Fitzmaurice|title=The Politics of Belgium: Crisis and Compromise in a Plural Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jYWAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-1-85065-038-6|page=16|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] - [[Uesugi Kenshin]], Japanese samurai and warlord
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The [[Duel of the Mignons]] claims the lives of two favorites of [[Henry III of France]], and two favourites of [[Henry I, Duke of Guise]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=223}}</ref>
* [[August 4]] - King [[Sebastian I of Portugal]]
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The ''[[Alteratie]]'' in [[Amsterdam]] ends Catholic rule, and opens Catholic worship there.
* [[October 1]] - [[Don John of Austria]], illegitimate son of [[Emperor Charles V]], victor of the [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|Battle of Lepanto]], Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Martin Frobisher]] sails from [[Harwich]], England to [[Frobisher Bay]], Canada, on his third expedition.
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] is granted [[letters patent]] from the English crown to establish a colony in [[North America]].<ref>[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/16th_century/humfrey.asp Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578], from the [[Avalon Project]].</ref>


=== July&ndash;December ===
[[Category:1578]]
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Martin Frobisher]] holds the first [[Thanksgiving]] celebration by Europeans in North America, on [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. He ships ore, which proves to be valueless [[fool's gold]], which can only be used as [[road metal]] in London.
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] in North Africa: The [[Moors]] defeat King [[Sebastian of Portugal]], who is killed, leaving his elderly uncle, [[Henry, King of Portugal|Cardinal Henry]], as his heir, initiating a succession crisis in Portugal.
* [[August 20]]&ndash;[[September 6]] &ndash; [[Francis Drake]], during [[Francis Drake's Circumnavigation|his circumnavigation
]], passes through the [[Strait of Magellan]] in his ship, the newly renamed ''[[Golden Hind]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Voyage of the Golden Hind|url=http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|work=The Golden Hind|location=Brixham|year=2012|access-date=2013-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117040846/http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alessandro Farnese]] succeeds his uncle, [[John of Austria|Don John]], as [[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]].<ref name="BrulezKoch2012">{{cite book|author1=W. Brulez|author2=A. C. F. Koch|author3=E. H. Kossman|title=Acta Historiae Neerlandicae/Studies on the History of the Netherlands VI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JVfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-5945-6|pages=28|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Battles of Wenden (1577–78)|Battle of Wenden]]: The Russians are defeated by the [[Sweden|Swedes]], who proceed to take [[Polotsk]].
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] and [[Walter Ralegh]] set out from [[Plymouth]] in England, leading an expedition to establish a colony in North America; forced to turn back six months later.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=156–159|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Battle of the Spoiling Dyke]] at [[Trumpan]] on the Scottish [[Isle of Skye]]: the [[Clan MacLeod]] are victorious over the [[Clan Donald|MacDonalds of Uist]] in a feud.<ref>{{cite book|first=Alexander John|last=Haddow|title=The History and Structure of Ceol Mor: A Guide to Piobaireachd, the Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe: a Collection of Critical and Historical Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk8UAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=M.R.S. Haddow|page=67}}</ref>
* The [[Ottoman Empire]] conquers [[Abkhazia]].
* [[Sarsa Dengel]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], defeats and kills [[Bahr negus Yeshaq]] along with his Ottoman allies, finally ending his rebellion.
* Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of ''Talaï'', and becomes the third [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]].
* The last outbreak of [[sweating sickness]] occurs in England.
* The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] assist Lord [[Ōmura Sumitada]], the first Christian Japanese diamyo, in repulsing an assault on [[Nagasaki]] by the [[Ryūzōji clan]].
* [[North American fur trade|Fur trade]] begins in Newfoundland in North America.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:William Harvey 2.jpg|thumb|110px|[[William Harvey]]]]
[[File:Felipe-III-de-Espana A-Vidal.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Philip III of Spain]]]]
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Solms-Laubach]], Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. [[1602]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Christopher Clitherow]], Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament (d. [[1641]])
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Haga]], Dutch diplomat (d. [[1654]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Adam Elsheimer]], German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (d. [[1610]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[William Harvey]], English physician (d. [[1657]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - William Harvey |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/harvey_william.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[April 14]] &ndash; King [[Philip III of Spain]] (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwg1AAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Grolier|isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4|page=887|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Maximilian van der Sandt]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1656]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] (1601–1642) (d. [[1642]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Claude, Duke of Chevreuse]] (d. [[1657]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea]], Member of Parliament (d. [[1639]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1637]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Philipp Hainhofer]], German merchant, banker, diplomat and art collector (d. [[1647]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond]], British duchess (d. [[1639]])
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau]], regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. [[1648]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes]], first duke of Chaulnes (d. [[1621]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Matteo Rosselli]], Italian painter (d. [[1650]])
* [[August 17]]
** [[Francesco Albani]], Italian painter (d. [[1660]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Levey|title=The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKDqAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Phaidon Publishers|page=51}}</ref>
** [[Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. [[1638]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[John Taylor (poet)|John Taylor]], English poet who dubbed himself ''The Water Poet'' (d. [[1653]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Vincenzo Maculani]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1667]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[John Prideaux]], English academic administrator and Anglican bishop (d. [[1650]])
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1641]])
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Baldassare Aloisi]], Italian painter (d. [[1638]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Christine of Hesse-Kassel (1578–1658)|Christine of Hesse-Kassel]], Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg (d. [[1658]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg]], Duke of Jülich and Berg (1614–1635) (d. [[1653]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Maximilian of Liechtenstein]], Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (d. [[1645]])
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Agostino Agazzari]], Italian composer and music theorist (d. [[1640]])
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Okaji no Kata]], Japanese concubine of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] (d. [[1642]])
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne]], French noble (d. [[1621]])
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Henry Bulstrode]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1643]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)|Ulrik of Denmark]], Danish prince-bishop (d. [[1624]])
* ''approx. date'' &ndash; [[Fede Galizia]], Italian painter
* ''date unknown''
** [[Giambattista Andreini]], Italian actor and playwright (d. [[1650]])
** Yamada Arinaga, Japanese retainer of the Shimazu clan (d. [[1668]])
** [[Benedetto Castelli]], Italian scientist (d. [[1643]])
** [[Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry]], English lawyer (d. [[1640]])
** [[Iwasa Matabei]], Japanese painter (d. [[1650]])
** [[Samuel Jordan]], American colonial legislator (d. [[1623]])
** [[Grzegorz IV Radziwiłł]], Polish magnate (d. [[1613]])
** [[François Ravaillac]], killer of Henry IV of France (d. [[1610]])
** [[Ambrose Rookwood]], English [[Gunpowder Plot]] conspirator (d. [[1606]])
** [[Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland]] (d. [[1632]])
** [[Horio Tadauji]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1604]])
** [[Everard Digby]], English conspirator (d. [[1606]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Giovanni Battista Moroni 001.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Giovanni Battista Moroni]]]]
[[File:Dom Sebastiao de Portugal.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Sebastian of Portugal]]]]
[[File:Václav Habsburský.JPG|thumb|110px|[[Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria]]]]
[[File:Alonso Sánchez Coello - Portrait of Infante Ferdinand of Spain - Walters 37551.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]]]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Giulio Clovio]], Dalmatian painter (b. [[1498]])
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Queen Inseong]], Korean royal consort (b. [[1514]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)|Mihrimah Sultan]], Sultan Suleiman's daughter (b. [[1522]])
* [[February 5]] or [[1579]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Moroni]], Italian painter (b. [[1510]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal]] (b. [[1507]])
* [[March 3]]
** [[Sebastiano Venier]], Doge of Venice (b. [[1496]])
** [[Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu]], Ottoman Greek magnate (b. [[1510]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Margaret Douglas]], Countess of Lennox (b. [[1515]])
* [[March 29]]
** [[Arthur Champernowne]], English admiral (b. [[1524]])
** [[Louis I, Cardinal of Guise]], French cardinal (b. [[1527]])
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Marie Elisabeth of France]], French princess (b. [[1572]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany]], Austrian Archduchess (b. [[1547]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell]], consort of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] (b. [[1535]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg]] (b. [[1509]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Uesugi Kenshin]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1530]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Martin Eisengrein]], German theologian (b. [[1535]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Ioan Potcoavă]], Russian Cossack ataman
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Thomas Doughty (explorer)|Thomas Doughty]], English explorer (executed)
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Cristoforo Madruzzo]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1512]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Jane Lumley]], English translator (b. [[1537]])
* [[August 4]]
** King [[Sebastian of Portugal]] (b. [[1554]])
** [[Thomas Stukley]], English adventurer (b. [[1525]])
** [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]], King of [[Morocco]]
** [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]], King of [[Morocco]]
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Amago Katsuhisa]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1553]])
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pedro Nunes]], Portuguese mathematician (b. [[1502]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Andrew Corbet (died 1578)|Andrew Corbet]], English landowner and politician (b. [[1522]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Yamanaka Yukimori]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1545]])
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Pierre Lescot]], French architect (b. [[1510]])
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Giulio della Rovere]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1533]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria]] (b. [[1561]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; Don [[John of Austria]], military leader (b. [[1547]])<ref name="BrulezKoch2012"/>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Gemma]], Dutch astronomer and astrologer (b. [[1535]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]], Spanish prince (b. [[1571]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba (1520–1578)|Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba]], Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. [[1520]])
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Heath]], Archbishop of York and [[Lord Chancellor]] of England (b. [[1501]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria]] (b. [[1528]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1578}}
[[Category:1578| ]]

Revision as of 13:44, 1 March 2023

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1578 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1578 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1578
MDLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2331
Armenian calendar1027
ԹՎ ՌԻԷ
Assyrian calendar6328
Balinese saka calendar1499–1500
Bengali calendar984–985
Berber calendar2528
English Regnal year20 Eliz. 1 – 21 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2122
Burmese calendar940
Byzantine calendar7086–7087
Chinese calendar丁丑年 (Fire Ox)
4275 or 4068
    — to —
戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4276 or 4069
Coptic calendar1294–1295
Discordian calendar2744
Ethiopian calendar1570–1571
Hebrew calendar5338–5339
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1634–1635
 - Shaka Samvat1499–1500
 - Kali Yuga4678–4679
Holocene calendar11578
Igbo calendar578–579
Iranian calendar956–957
Islamic calendar985–986
Japanese calendarTenshō 6
(天正６年)
Javanese calendar1497–1498
Julian calendar1578
MDLXXVIII
Korean calendar3911
Minguo calendar334 before ROC
民前334年
Nanakshahi calendar110
Thai solar calendar2120–2121
Tibetan calendar阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
1704 or 1323 or 551
    — to —
阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
1705 or 1324 or 552
August 4: Battle of Alcácer Quibir

Year 1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

Births

William Harvey
Philip III of Spain

Deaths

Giovanni Battista Moroni
Sebastian of Portugal
Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria
Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias

References

  1. ^ John Fitzmaurice (1988). The Politics of Belgium: Crisis and Compromise in a Plural Society. C. Hurst. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-85065-038-6.
  2. ^ St James Press; Anthony Levi; Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi (1992). Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789. St. James Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-55862-159-6.
  3. ^ Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578, from the Avalon Project.
  4. ^ "Voyage of the Golden Hind". The Golden Hind. Brixham. 2012. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  5. ^ a b W. Brulez; A. C. F. Koch; E. H. Kossman (December 6, 2012). Acta Historiae Neerlandicae/Studies on the History of the Netherlands VI. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 28. ISBN 978-94-011-5945-6.
  6. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 156–159. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  7. ^ Haddow, Alexander John (1982). The History and Structure of Ceol Mor: A Guide to Piobaireachd, the Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe: a Collection of Critical and Historical Essays. M.R.S. Haddow. p. 67.
  8. ^ "BBC - History - William Harvey". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  9. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier. 2000. p. 887. ISBN 978-0-7172-0133-4.
  10. ^ Michael Levey (1964). The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen. Phaidon Publishers. p. 51.
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