Ridgetop Shawnee: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox organization |
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| name = Ridgetop Shawnee<br/>Tribe of Indians, LLC<ref name=open/><br/>Pine Mountain Indian Community<ref name=pine/> |
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| full_name = |
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| logo_size = |
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| logo_alt = Ridgetop Shawnee logo |
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| logo_caption = Seal of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians |
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| abbreviation = |
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| nickname = Ridgetop Shawnee, Ridgetop Band of Shawnee Indians |
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| named_after = [[Shawnee people]] |
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| predecessor = |
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| merged = <!-- any other organization(s) which it was merged into --> |
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| successor = |
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| formation = <!-- or |established = --><!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |
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| founder = William Hayes Shackleford<ref name=open/> |
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| founding_location = |
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| dissolved = <!-- or |defunct = --><!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |
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| merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization --> |
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| type = <!-- e.g., [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], etc. --> |
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| tax_id = <!-- or |vat_id = (for European organizations) --> |
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| registration_id = <!-- for non-profits --> |
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| status = <!-- legal status or description (company, charity, foundation, etc.) --> |
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| purpose = <!-- or |focus = --><!-- humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc. --> |
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| headquarters = |
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| location_city = [[Hazard, Kentucky]]<ref name=open/><ref name=pine/> |
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| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> |
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| origins = |
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| region_served = <!-- or |area_served = or |region = --> |
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| membership = <!-- number of members --> |
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| membership_year = <!-- year to which membership numbers/data apply --> |
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| language = English |
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| leader_title = <!-- defaults to "Leader" --> |
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| parent_organization = <!-- or |parent_organisation = --> |
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| funding = <!-- source of funding e.g. for "think tanks" --> |
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| website = {{URL|ridgetopshawnee.blogspot.com}} |
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}} |
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== Nonprofit organization == |
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== Historical claims== |
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| ⚫ | In June 2013 the Pine Mountain Indian Community, LLC, announced that the Ridgetop group would be renamed as the Ridgetop Shawnee, to serve as the heritage arm of this nonprofit organization. Within this new management structure, the Ridgetop Shawnee would concentrate on preservation and protection of the heritage of the region. The Pine Mountain Indian Community would focus on economic development and community development in Southeastern Kentucky. |
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Europeans reported encountering [[Shawnee]] peoples over a widespread geographic area. The earliest mention of the Shawnee may be a 1614 Dutch map showing the ''Sawwanew'' just east of the [[Delaware River]]. Later 17th-century Dutch sources also place them in this general location. Accounts by French [[explorer]]s in the same century usually located the Shawnee along the [[Ohio River]], where they encountered them on forays from Canada and the [[Illinois Country]].<ref>Charles Augustus Hanna (1911) ''The Wilderness Trail'', esp. chap. IV, "The Shawnees", pp. 119–160.</ref> |
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William Hayes Shackleford founded the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians, LLC, as a [[limited liability company]] and [[nonprofit organization]], based in [[Hazard, Kentucky]], in 2009.<ref name="open">{{cite web |title=Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians L.L.C. |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0721940 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> The organization went inactive but became active again in 2021, with Jeffery R. Morgan serving as its [[registered agent]].<ref name=open/> |
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In the late 18th to mid-19th centuries, many multiracial families migrated to southwestern Virginia; extreme southeastern Kentucky, particularly [[Harlan County, Kentucky|Harlan County]]; and northeastern Tennessee.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} In the 1870 federal census for [[Harlan County, Kentucky]], numerous families were classified as Indian. Families with the surnames of [[Sizemore]], [[Callahan (surname)|Callahan]], Eldridge, and [[Cole (name)|Cole]] have had a tradition of Native American ancestry, as well as European and African.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Blood Runs in Many Harlan County Families|author=Holly Timm | url= http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~seky/folfoot/023.html | publisher= Harlan Daily Enterprise |date= 3 June 1987}}</ref>{{better sourced needed|date=March 2023}} Often such families moved to the frontier for less expensive land, as well as to avoid racial caste discrimination in more settled areas of [[slave]] states. Remnant members of tribes intermarried with their neighbors and a multiracial group of settlers formed. |
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Shackleford organized the '''Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC''' in 2013, also a nonprofit limited liability company in Hazard, Kentucky.<ref name="pine">{{cite web |title=Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ky/0860437 |website=OpenCorporates |access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> This organization dissolved in September 2015.<ref name=pine/> Morgan served as this organization's registered agent.<ref name=pine/> |
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Beginning in 1913, the [[Pine Mountain Settlement School]] educated some of the local children in Harlan County. For nearly 20 years it operated as a progressive boarding school for elementary age children in the Appalachian region; in the 1930s, it shifted to operate as a boarding high school.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} |
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| ⚫ | In June 2013 the Pine Mountain Indian Community, LLC, announced that the Ridgetop group would be renamed as the Ridgetop Shawnee, to serve as the heritage arm of this nonprofit organization. Within this new management structure, the Ridgetop Shawnee would concentrate on preservation and protection of the heritage of the region. The Pine Mountain Indian Community would focus on economic development and community development in Southeastern Kentucky. |
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The [[Absentee Shawnee]] Tribal Historic Preservation Office's Cultural Preservation Department wrote that "in our ancestral settlement areas including but not limited to Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, [and] Alabama. In these areas, there are a number of people who claim Shawnee ancestry, this is not so much the concern as the fact that some of these individuals or groups use this claim to exploit Shawnee culture as a means of gaining opportunities for themselves from a public that is largely unaware of the vast divide that separates our tribal community politically and culturally from those of alleged Shawnee ancestry" and goes on to name the Ridgetop Shawnee among several similar groups.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Cultural Preservation Department |url=https://www.astribe.com/sites/default/files/newsletter/november20101.pdf |access-date=8 March 2023 |work=The Absentee Shawnee News |agency=Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma |issue=11, Vol. 25 |date=November 2010}}</ref> |
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Since the late 20th century, the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe contributed to the passage of local ordinances that prohibit digging, or [[artifact (archeology)|artifact]] hunting, on county and city lands. One such ordinance was passed by the [[Harlan County, Kentucky]] fiscal court in 2006. The only such ordinance in the [[Commonwealth of Kentucky]], it has decreased illegal artifact hunting and helped preserve prehistoric sites. The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians were instrumental in the creation of the Harlan County Native American Site Protection Office.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} They gained agreement from the city of [[Ashland, Kentucky]], to put a protective fence around prehistoric [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] in a park; the site is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the Indian Mounds in Central Park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mounds will be fenced off from public|author=Carrie Stambaugh|url= http://dailyindependent.com/local/x1048575768/Mounds-will-be-fenced-off-from-public/print|publisher=Daily Independent (Ashland, KY)| date= 4 July 2009|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref> |
Since the late 20th century, the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe contributed to the passage of local ordinances that prohibit digging, or [[artifact (archeology)|artifact]] hunting, on county and city lands. One such ordinance was passed by the [[Harlan County, Kentucky]] fiscal court in 2006. The only such ordinance in the [[Commonwealth of Kentucky]], it has decreased illegal artifact hunting and helped preserve prehistoric sites. The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians were instrumental in the creation of the Harlan County Native American Site Protection Office.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} They gained agreement from the city of [[Ashland, Kentucky]], to put a protective fence around prehistoric [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] in a park; the site is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the Indian Mounds in Central Park.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mounds will be fenced off from public|author=Carrie Stambaugh|url= http://dailyindependent.com/local/x1048575768/Mounds-will-be-fenced-off-from-public/print|publisher=Daily Independent (Ashland, KY)| date= 4 July 2009|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref> |
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In 2009 and 2010, the State House of the [[Kentucky General Assembly]] recognized the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians by passing, unopposed, House [[Joint |
In 2009 and 2010, the State House of the [[Kentucky General Assembly]] recognized the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians by passing, unopposed, House [[Joint Resolution]]s 15 or HJR-15 in 2009 and HJR-16 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2010 Regular Session HJR-16 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/10rs/HJ16.htm |publisher=kentucky.gov, updated 9-2-2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kentucky General Assembly 2009 Regular Session HJR-15 |url=http://www.lrc.ky.gov/record/09rs/HJ15.htm |publisher=kentucky.gov, updated 5-2-2009}}</ref> These acknowledged the civic contributions of the group. |
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== Language == |
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The tribe is seeking to preserve the [[Shawnee language]], a Central [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]] that was traditional for many members' ancestors. |
The tribe is seeking to preserve the [[Shawnee language]], a Central [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]] that was traditional for many members' ancestors.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} |
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==Membership== |
== Membership == |
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The Ridgetop Shawnee require that prospective members prove documented descent from multiracial settlers in the region from 1790–1870<!-- Under what classifications on the censuses? -->, and also have Y-DNA or MtDNA showing direct-line Native American ancestry. Y-DNA and or MtDNA may be used only to show descent from individuals who are documented as eligible for enrollment.<ref name="RTS">{{Cite web |title=ridgetopshawnee.org |url=http://www.ridgetopshawnee.org/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=www.ridgetopshawnee.org |language=en}}</ref> In 2012 the Ridgetop Shawnee began the Express Enrollment program for descendants of several family lines of mixed-Native American heritage, who have been well-documented as migrating to Southeastern Kentucky, Northeastern Tennessee, and Southwestern Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. These families and lines are: [[Sizemore]] (KY); [[Fields (surname)|Fields]] (KY, VA); descendants of Hawkins [[Bowman (surname)|Bowman]] (KY, VA); descendants of Ezekiel [[Bennett (name)|Bennett]] (KY, TN); descendants of John [[Cole (name)|Cole]] (KY, VA); and descendants of Porter [[Jackson (name)|Jackson]] (KY, VA).<ref name="RTS" /> |
The Ridgetop Shawnee require that prospective members prove documented descent from multiracial settlers in the region from 1790–1870<!-- Under what classifications on the censuses? -->, and also have Y-DNA or MtDNA showing direct-line Native American ancestry. Y-DNA and or MtDNA may be used only to show descent from individuals who are documented as eligible for enrollment.<ref name="RTS">{{Cite web |title=ridgetopshawnee.org |url=http://www.ridgetopshawnee.org/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=www.ridgetopshawnee.org |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2023}} In 2012 the Ridgetop Shawnee began the Express Enrollment program for descendants of several family lines of mixed-Native American heritage, who have been well-documented as migrating to Southeastern Kentucky, Northeastern Tennessee, and Southwestern Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. These families and lines are: [[Sizemore]] (KY); [[Fields (surname)|Fields]] (KY, VA); descendants of Hawkins [[Bowman (surname)|Bowman]] (KY, VA); descendants of Ezekiel [[Bennett (name)|Bennett]] (KY, TN); descendants of John [[Cole (name)|Cole]] (KY, VA); and descendants of Porter [[Jackson (name)|Jackson]] (KY, VA).<ref name="RTS" />{{better source needed|date=March 2023}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Cultural organizations based in Kentucky]] |
[[Category:Cultural organizations based in Kentucky]] |
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[[Category:2009 establishments in Kentucky]] |
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[[Category:Unrecognized tribes in the United States]] |
[[Category:Unrecognized tribes in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Harlan County, Kentucky]] |
[[Category:Harlan County, Kentucky]] |
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Revision as of 19:35, 8 March 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2023) |
 | This article contains promotional content. (February 2023) |
 Seal of the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians | |
| Nickname | Ridgetop Shawnee, Ridgetop Band of Shawnee Indians |
|---|---|
| Named after | Shawnee people |
| Founder | William Hayes Shackleford[1] |
| Location | |
Official language | English |
| Website | ridgetopshawnee |
The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians is a limited liability company, nonprofit organization, and unrecognized tribe in Kentucky. They are Americans who identify as being of Shawnee ancestry.
Nonprofit organization
In June 2013 the Pine Mountain Indian Community, LLC, announced that the Ridgetop group would be renamed as the Ridgetop Shawnee, to serve as the heritage arm of this nonprofit organization. Within this new management structure, the Ridgetop Shawnee would concentrate on preservation and protection of the heritage of the region. The Pine Mountain Indian Community would focus on economic development and community development in Southeastern Kentucky.
William Hayes Shackleford founded the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians, LLC, as a limited liability company and nonprofit organization, based in Hazard, Kentucky, in 2009.[1] The organization went inactive but became active again in 2021, with Jeffery R. Morgan serving as its registered agent.[1]
Shackleford organized the Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC in 2013, also a nonprofit limited liability company in Hazard, Kentucky.[2] This organization dissolved in September 2015.[2] Morgan served as this organization's registered agent.[2]
Politics
The Absentee Shawnee Tribal Historic Preservation Office's Cultural Preservation Department wrote that "in our ancestral settlement areas including but not limited to Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, [and] Alabama. In these areas, there are a number of people who claim Shawnee ancestry, this is not so much the concern as the fact that some of these individuals or groups use this claim to exploit Shawnee culture as a means of gaining opportunities for themselves from a public that is largely unaware of the vast divide that separates our tribal community politically and culturally from those of alleged Shawnee ancestry" and goes on to name the Ridgetop Shawnee among several similar groups.[3]
Since the late 20th century, the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe contributed to the passage of local ordinances that prohibit digging, or artifact hunting, on county and city lands. One such ordinance was passed by the Harlan County, Kentucky fiscal court in 2006. The only such ordinance in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, it has decreased illegal artifact hunting and helped preserve prehistoric sites. The Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians were instrumental in the creation of the Harlan County Native American Site Protection Office.[citation needed] They gained agreement from the city of Ashland, Kentucky, to put a protective fence around prehistoric earthworks in a park; the site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Indian Mounds in Central Park.[4]
In 2009 and 2010, the State House of the Kentucky General Assembly recognized the Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians by passing, unopposed, House Joint Resolutions 15 or HJR-15 in 2009 and HJR-16 in 2010.[5][6] These acknowledged the civic contributions of the group.
Language
The tribe is seeking to preserve the Shawnee language, a Central Algonquian language that was traditional for many members' ancestors.[citation needed]
Membership
The Ridgetop Shawnee require that prospective members prove documented descent from multiracial settlers in the region from 1790–1870, and also have Y-DNA or MtDNA showing direct-line Native American ancestry. Y-DNA and or MtDNA may be used only to show descent from individuals who are documented as eligible for enrollment.[7][better source needed] In 2012 the Ridgetop Shawnee began the Express Enrollment program for descendants of several family lines of mixed-Native American heritage, who have been well-documented as migrating to Southeastern Kentucky, Northeastern Tennessee, and Southwestern Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. These families and lines are: Sizemore (KY); Fields (KY, VA); descendants of Hawkins Bowman (KY, VA); descendants of Ezekiel Bennett (KY, TN); descendants of John Cole (KY, VA); and descendants of Porter Jackson (KY, VA).[7][better source needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians L.L.C." OpenCorporates. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Pine Mountain Indian Community, Kentucky LLC". OpenCorporates. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ "Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Cultural Preservation Department" (PDF). The Absentee Shawnee News. No. 11, Vol. 25. Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. November 2010. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ Carrie Stambaugh (4 July 2009). "Mounds will be fenced off from public". Daily Independent (Ashland, KY). Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "Kentucky General Assembly 2010 Regular Session HJR-16". kentucky.gov, updated 9-2-2010.
- ^ "Kentucky General Assembly 2009 Regular Session HJR-15". kentucky.gov, updated 5-2-2009.
- ^ a b "ridgetopshawnee.org". www.ridgetopshawnee.org. Retrieved 2023-03-05.