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The clade contains [[Clupeiformes]] (herrings) and [[Ostariophysi]], a group of other orders including [[Cypriniformes]] (minnows and allies), [[Gymnotiformes]] (knifefish), and [[Siluriformes]] (catfish). Otocephala may also contain [[Alepocephaliformes]] (slickheads), but as yet (2016) without morphological evidence.
The clade contains [[Clupeiformes]] (herrings) and [[Ostariophysi]], a group of other orders including [[Cypriniformes]] (minnows and allies), [[Gymnotiformes]] (knifefish), and [[Siluriformes]] (catfish). Otocephala may also contain [[Alepocephaliformes]] (slickheads), but as yet (2016) without morphological evidence.


The clade is sister to [[Euteleostei]] which contains the majority of bony fish alive today.<ref name="PNAS">{{Cite journal|title=Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification |author=Thomas J. Near |journal=PNAS |doi=10.1073/pnas.1206625109 |date=2012 |volume=109 |issue=34 |pages=13698–13703|display-authors=etal|pmc=3427055 |pmid=22869754|bibcode=2012PNAS..10913698N |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="TOL">{{cite journal |author=Betancur-R, Ricardo |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes |journal=PLOS Currents Tree of Life |issue=Edition 1 |url=http://currents.plos.org/treeoflife/article/the-tree-of-life-and-a-new-classification-of-bony-fishes/pdf |doi=10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013102547/http://currents.plos.org//treeoflife/article/the-tree-of-life-and-a-new-classification-of-bony-fishes/pdf |archive-date=2013-10-13 |pmc=3644299 |pmid=23653398 |volume=5}}</ref><ref name="laurin&reisz1995">{{cite journal |author1=Laurin, M. |author2=Reisz, R.R. |year=1995 |title=A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=165–223 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x}}</ref><ref name="Nelson">{{cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Joseph S. |last2=Grande |first2=Terry C. |last3=Wilson|first3=Mark V. H. |title=Fishes of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLDDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-119-22081-7 |pages=161–162 and passim}}</ref>
The clade is sister to [[Euteleostei]] which contains the majority of bony fish alive today.<ref name="PNAS">{{Cite journal|title=Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification |author=Thomas J. Near |journal=PNAS |doi=10.1073/pnas.1206625109 |date=2012 |volume=109 |issue=34 |pages=13698–13703|display-authors=etal|pmc=3427055 |pmid=22869754|bibcode=2012PNAS..10913698N |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="TOL">{{cite journal |author=Betancur-R, Ricardo |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes |journal=PLOS Currents Tree of Life |issue=Edition 1 |url=http://currents.plos.org/treeoflife/article/the-tree-of-life-and-a-new-classification-of-bony-fishes/pdf |doi=10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013102547/http://currents.plos.org//treeoflife/article/the-tree-of-life-and-a-new-classification-of-bony-fishes/pdf |archive-date=2013-10-13 |pmc=3644299 |pmid=23653398 |volume=5|hdl=2027.42/150563 }}</ref><ref name="laurin&reisz1995">{{cite journal |author1=Laurin, M. |author2=Reisz, R.R. |year=1995 |title=A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=165–223 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x}}</ref><ref name="Nelson">{{cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Joseph S. |last2=Grande |first2=Terry C. |last3=Wilson|first3=Mark V. H. |title=Fishes of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLDDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-119-22081-7 |pages=161–162 and passim}}</ref>


In 2015, Benton and colleagues set a "plausible minimum" date for the origin of [[Crown group|crown]] Otocephala as about 228.4 million years ago. They argued that since the oldest locality for any diversity of stem teleosts is the [[Carnian]] of Polberg bei Lunz, Austria, whose base is 235 million years old, a rough estimate for Otocephala can be made.<ref>{{cite web |title=Otocephala |url=http://fossilcalibrations.org/Show_Calibration.php?CalibrationID=216 |publisher=Palaeontologia Electronica|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Benton, M.J. |author2=Donoghue, P.C.J. |author3=Asher, R.A. |author4=Friedman, M. |author5=Near, T.J. |author6=Vinther, J. |name-list-style=amp |title=Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |date=2015 |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=18.1.1FC |doi=10.26879/424 |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 |access-date=27 April 2016|doi-access=free }}</ref>
In 2015, Benton and colleagues set a "plausible minimum" date for the origin of [[Crown group|crown]] Otocephala as about 228.4 million years ago. They argued that since the oldest locality for any diversity of stem teleosts is the [[Carnian]] of Polberg bei Lunz, Austria, whose base is 235 million years old, a rough estimate for Otocephala can be made.<ref>{{cite web |title=Otocephala |url=http://fossilcalibrations.org/Show_Calibration.php?CalibrationID=216 |publisher=Palaeontologia Electronica|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Benton, M.J. |author2=Donoghue, P.C.J. |author3=Asher, R.A. |author4=Friedman, M. |author5=Near, T.J. |author6=Vinther, J. |name-list-style=amp |title=Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |date=2015 |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=18.1.1FC |doi=10.26879/424 |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 |access-date=27 April 2016|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Revision as of 08:26, 1 April 2023

Otocephala
Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Clade: Clupeocephala
Cohort: Otocephala
Johnson & Patterson, 1996
Subcohorts
Synonyms
  • Ostarioclupeomorpha
  • Otomorpha

Otocephala is a clade of ray-finned fishes within the infraclass Teleostei that evolved some 230 million years ago. It is named for the presence of a hearing (otophysic) link from the swimbladder to the inner ear. Other names proposed for the group include Ostarioclupeomorpha and Otomorpha.

The clade contains Clupeiformes (herrings) and Ostariophysi, a group of other orders including Cypriniformes (minnows and allies), Gymnotiformes (knifefish), and Siluriformes (catfish). Otocephala may also contain Alepocephaliformes (slickheads), but as yet (2016) without morphological evidence.

The clade is sister to Euteleostei which contains the majority of bony fish alive today.[1][2][3][4]

In 2015, Benton and colleagues set a "plausible minimum" date for the origin of crown Otocephala as about 228.4 million years ago. They argued that since the oldest locality for any diversity of stem teleosts is the Carnian of Polberg bei Lunz, Austria, whose base is 235 million years old, a rough estimate for Otocephala can be made.[5][6]

Taxonomy

Taxonomy based on:[4][7][8]

  • Cohort Otocephala Johnson & Patterson 1996 [Otomorpha Wiley & Johnson 2010; Ostarioclupeomorpha Arratia 1997]

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of living groups based on:[9]

Otocephala
Clupei

Clupeiformes (herrings and relatives)

Alepocephali

Alepocephaliformes (slickheads and tubeshoulders)

Ostariophysi
Anotophysa

Gonorynchiformes (milkfish and relatives)

Otophysa
Cypriniphysae

Cypriniformes (minnow, carp, loach)

Characiphysae

Characiformes (tetras and piranhas)

Siluriphysae

Gymnotiformes (knifefish)

Siluriformes (catfish)

References

  1. ^ Thomas J. Near; et al. (2012). "Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification". PNAS. 109 (34): 13698–13703. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913698N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206625109. PMC 3427055. PMID 22869754.
  2. ^ Betancur-R, Ricardo; et al. (2013). "The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes". PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 5 (Edition 1). doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288. hdl:2027.42/150563. PMC 3644299. PMID 23653398. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (1995). "A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 113 (2): 165–223. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x.
  4. ^ a b Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World. Wiley. pp. 161–162 and passim. ISBN 978-1-119-22081-7.
  5. ^ "Otocephala". Palaeontologia Electronica. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  6. ^ Benton, M.J.; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Asher, R.A.; Friedman, M.; Near, T.J. & Vinther, J. (2015). "Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history". Palaeontologia Electronica. 18 (1): 18.1.1FC. doi:10.26879/424. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  7. ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Euteleostei - advanced teleosteans". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  8. ^ van der Laan, Richard (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ Betancur-Rodriguez, R.; et al. (2016). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4". Deepfin. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
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