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|location=New Hampshire|title=This Was a Man: A Biography of General William Whipple|first=Dorothy Mansfield|last=Vaughan|publisher=The National Society of The Colonial Dames in the State of New Hampshire}}</ref> He married his first cousin Catherine Moffat in 1767,<ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> and they moved into the [[Moffatt-Ladd House]] on Market Street in [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]] in 1769.<ref name="moffattladd.org">{{cite web|title=The Whipples|publisher=Moffatt-Ladd House & Garden|url=http://www.moffattladd.org/historypeople/thewhipples.html|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> Their son William Whipple III died in infancy.<ref name="whipple.org"/> Whipple was a descendant of [[Samuel Appleton (born 1625)|Samuel Appleton]], early settler in [[Ipswich, Massachusetts]].<ref>Felt, Joseph B. History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton. Csambridge, 1834, pp. 159–160, 169.</ref> |
|location=New Hampshire|title=This Was a Man: A Biography of General William Whipple|first=Dorothy Mansfield|last=Vaughan|publisher=The National Society of The Colonial Dames in the State of New Hampshire}}</ref> He married his first cousin Catherine Moffat in 1767,<ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> and they moved into the [[Moffatt-Ladd House]] on Market Street in [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]] in 1769.<ref name="moffattladd.org">{{cite web|title=The Whipples|publisher=Moffatt-Ladd House & Garden|url=http://www.moffattladd.org/historypeople/thewhipples.html|access-date=January 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> Their son William Whipple III died in infancy.<ref name="whipple.org"/> Whipple was a descendant of [[Samuel Appleton (born 1625)|Samuel Appleton]], early settler in [[Ipswich, Massachusetts]].<ref>Felt, Joseph B. History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton. Csambridge, 1834, pp. 159–160, 169.</ref> |
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Whipple earned his fortune participating in the [[Triangular trade|Triangle trade]] of the West Indies and Africa,<ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> with cargo such as wood, rum, and enslaved humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastnh.com/framers/whipple.html|title=Framers of Freedom: William Whipple|access-date=2015-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523100841/http://seacoastnh.com/framers/whipple.html|archive-date=2015-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whipple.org/william/declaration.html|title=William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence}}</ref><ref name="whipple.org"/> He established himself as a merchant in Portsmouth in 1759, in partnership with his brother Joseph.<ref>{{cite |
Whipple earned his fortune participating in the [[Triangular trade|Triangle trade]] of the West Indies and Africa,<ref name="dsdi1776.com"/> with cargo such as wood, rum, and enslaved humans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastnh.com/framers/whipple.html|title=Framers of Freedom: William Whipple|access-date=2015-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523100841/http://seacoastnh.com/framers/whipple.html|archive-date=2015-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whipple.org/william/declaration.html|title=William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence}}</ref><ref name="whipple.org"/> He established himself as a merchant in Portsmouth in 1759, in partnership with his brother Joseph.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://whipple.org/joseph/mtwhipple.pdf |title=Mount Joseph Whipple: How and Why It Got Its Name |first1=Charles D. |last1=Bond |first2=Marie R. |last2=Bond |date=November 2002 |access-date=July 10, 2020 |via=whipple.org}}</ref> |
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== Political career == |
== Political career == |
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In 1775, New Hampshire dissolved the British Royal government and organized a House of Representatives and an Executive Council known collectively as a [[Provincial Congress]], and Whipple was elected to represent Portsmouth.<ref>http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/declaration/bio51.html{{dead link|date=August 2016}}</ref> He became a member of the [[Committee of safety (American Revolution)|Committee of Safety]]. He was then elected to the Continental Congress, and he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was the second cousin of fellow signatory [[Stephen Hopkins (politician)|Stephen Hopkins]].<ref name="ancestors" /> In January 1776, Whipple wrote to fellow signatory [[Josiah Bartlett]] of the approaching convention: |
In 1775, New Hampshire dissolved the British Royal government and organized a House of Representatives and an Executive Council known collectively as a [[Provincial Congress]], and Whipple was elected to represent Portsmouth.<ref>http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/declaration/bio51.html{{dead link|date=August 2016}}</ref> He became a member of the [[Committee of safety (American Revolution)|Committee of Safety]]. He was then elected to the Continental Congress, and he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was the second cousin of fellow signatory [[Stephen Hopkins (politician)|Stephen Hopkins]].<ref name="ancestors" /> In January 1776, Whipple wrote to fellow signatory [[Josiah Bartlett]] of the approaching convention: |
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{{blockquote|This year, my Friend, is big with mighty events. Nothing less than the fate of America depends on the virtue of her sons, and if they do not have virtue enough to support the most Glorious Cause ever human beings were engaged in, they don't deserve the blessings of freedom.<ref name="dsdi1776.com" />}} |
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[[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|''Declaration of Independence'']] by [[John Trumbull]] (1818); Whipple is pictured sitting second from the left;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yfI1AAAAMAAJ&q=Key+Trumbull+paintings Trumbull painted Whipple portrait in the Declaration of Independence from memory; an alleged portrait of Whipple in Independence Hall was based on a 1805 portrait of a Joseph Wipple by St.Memin "Paintings of John Trumbull" by John Hill Morgan 1926]</ref>next to fellow New Hampshire delegate [[Josiah Bartlett]].]] |
[[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|''Declaration of Independence'']] by [[John Trumbull]] (1818); Whipple is pictured sitting second from the left;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yfI1AAAAMAAJ&q=Key+Trumbull+paintings Trumbull painted Whipple portrait in the Declaration of Independence from memory; an alleged portrait of Whipple in Independence Hall was based on a 1805 portrait of a Joseph Wipple by St.Memin "Paintings of John Trumbull" by John Hill Morgan 1926]</ref> next to fellow New Hampshire delegate [[Josiah Bartlett]].]] |
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[[File:William_Whipple.jpg|thumbnail|right|William Whipple]] |
[[File:William_Whipple.jpg|thumbnail|right|William Whipple]] |
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Whipple freed his enslaved servant, [[Prince Whipple]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whipple.org/prince/princewhipple.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020818053717/http://whipple.org/prince/princewhipple.html|archive-date=2002-08-18|title=Prince Whipple: Symbol of African Americans at the Battle of Trenton}}</ref> believing that no man could fight for freedom and hold another in bondage.<ref name="moffattladd.org"/> He wrote: |
Whipple freed his enslaved servant, [[Prince Whipple]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whipple.org/prince/princewhipple.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020818053717/http://whipple.org/prince/princewhipple.html|archive-date=2002-08-18|title=Prince Whipple: Symbol of African Americans at the Battle of Trenton}}</ref> believing that no man could fight for freedom and hold another in bondage.<ref name="moffattladd.org"/> He wrote: |
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{{blockquote|A recommendation is gone thither for raising some regiments of Blacks. This, I suppose will lay a foundation for the [[emancipation]] of those wretches in that country. I hope it will be the means of dispensing the blessings of Freedom to all the human race in America.<ref name="whipple.org"/>}} |
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==Military career== |
==Military career== |
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Whipple was given his first commission by the New Hampshire Provincial Congress in 1777. At [[Saratoga campaign|Saratoga]], Whipple was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of four regiments of militia. Whipple commanded [[Bellow's Regiment of Militia|Bellow's regiment]], [[Chase's Regiment of Militia|Chase's regiment]], [[Moore's Regiment of Militia|Moore's regiment]], and [[Welch's Regiment of Militia|Welch's regiment]]. As a result of their meritorious conduct at the [[Battles of Saratoga|Battle of Saratoga]], Whipple and Colonel [[James Wilkinson]] were then chosen by Major General [[Horatio Gates]] to determine terms of capitulation with two representatives of General [[John Burgoyne]]. Whipple then signed the [[Convention Army#Convention of Saratoga|Convention of Saratoga]], the effective surrender of General Burgoyne and his troops.<ref>http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/declaration/bio51.html{{dead link|date=August 2016}}</ref> |
Whipple was given his first commission by the New Hampshire Provincial Congress in 1777. At [[Saratoga campaign|Saratoga]], Whipple was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of four regiments of militia. Whipple commanded [[Bellow's Regiment of Militia|Bellow's regiment]], [[Chase's Regiment of Militia|Chase's regiment]], [[Moore's Regiment of Militia|Moore's regiment]], and [[Welch's Regiment of Militia|Welch's regiment]]. As a result of their meritorious conduct at the [[Battles of Saratoga|Battle of Saratoga]], Whipple and Colonel [[James Wilkinson]] were then chosen by Major General [[Horatio Gates]] to determine terms of capitulation with two representatives of General [[John Burgoyne]]. Whipple then signed the [[Convention Army#Convention of Saratoga|Convention of Saratoga]], the effective surrender of General Burgoyne and his troops.<ref>http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/declaration/bio51.html{{dead link|date=August 2016}}</ref> |
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Whipple was then appointed along with several other officers to escort Burgoyne and his army back to [[Winter Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts]]. Whipple passed the news of the victory at Saratoga to Captain [[John Paul Jones]], who informed [[Benjamin Franklin]], who was in Paris at the time. News of the victory proved valuable to Franklin throughout alliance negotiations with the [[France in the American Revolutionary War#Entry into the war|French]]. In 1778, Whipple followed his commanding officer, [[John Sullivan (general)|General John Sullivan]] to the [[Battle of Rhode Island]], where he commanded [[Evans' Regiment of Militia|Evans' regiment]], [[Peabody's New Hampshire State Regiment|Peabody's regiment]], and [[Langdon's Company of Light Horse Volunteers|Langdon's light horse regiment]]. After General Sullivan ordered retreat, Whipple and other officers resided in a house near the battlefield. The approaching enemy fired a [[Field gun|field piece]] from a range of three-quarters of a mile. The shot tore through a horse lashed outside the house and severely wounded the leg of one of Whipple's brigade majors, which later required amputation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foundingfatherquotes.com/founding_documents/biocentral/62|title=Founding Father Document - Biography for William Whipple|first=Mike|last=Kieffer}}</ref> |
Whipple was then appointed along with several other officers to escort Burgoyne and his army back to [[Winter Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts]]. Whipple passed the news of the victory at Saratoga to Captain [[John Paul Jones]], who informed [[Benjamin Franklin]], who was in Paris at the time. News of the victory proved valuable to Franklin throughout alliance negotiations with the [[France in the American Revolutionary War#Entry into the war|French]]. In 1778, Whipple followed his commanding officer, [[John Sullivan (general)|General John Sullivan]] to the [[Battle of Rhode Island]], where he commanded [[Evans' Regiment of Militia|Evans' regiment]], [[Peabody's New Hampshire State Regiment|Peabody's regiment]], and [[Langdon's Company of Light Horse Volunteers|Langdon's light horse regiment]]. After General Sullivan ordered retreat, Whipple and other officers resided in a house near the battlefield. The approaching enemy fired a [[Field gun|field piece]] from a range of three-quarters of a mile. The shot tore through a horse lashed outside the house and severely wounded the leg of one of Whipple's brigade majors, which later required amputation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foundingfatherquotes.com/founding_documents/biocentral/62|title=Founding Father Document - Biography for William Whipple|first=Mike|last=Kieffer}}</ref> |
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== Death == |
== Death == |
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[[File:Surrender of General Burgoyne.jpg|thumbnail|right|The ''[[Surrender of General Burgoyne]]'' by [[John Trumbull]] (1821); Whipple is fifth from the right, standing beside General [[John Glover (general)|John Glover]]]] |
[[File:Surrender of General Burgoyne.jpg|thumbnail|right|The ''[[Surrender of General Burgoyne]]'' by [[John Trumbull]] (1821); Whipple is fifth from the right, standing beside General [[John Glover (general)|John Glover]]]] |
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After the war, Whipple became an associate justice of the [[New Hampshire Superior Court|Superior Court of New Hampshire]]. On November 28, 1785, |
After the war, Whipple became an associate justice of the [[New Hampshire Superior Court|Superior Court of New Hampshire]]. On November 28, 1785, he suffered from a heart ailment and died after fainting from atop his horse while traveling his court circuit. He was buried in what is now the North Cemetery in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMH9H0_North_Cemetery_Portsmouth_NH |title=North Cemetery - Portsmouth, NH |website=waymarking.com |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> His headstone was replaced with a new memorial in 1976 in conjunction with the [[United States Bicentennial]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=XSDnxlK1sMUC ''State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire''. State Builders Publishing Manchester, NH 1903] |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=XSDnxlK1sMUC ''State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire''. State Builders Publishing Manchester, NH 1903] |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=djYEAAAAYAAJ |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=djYEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139 ''Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence''. By Rev. Charles A. goodrich, published by William Reed & Co. New York 1829] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 21:08, 1 April 2023
William Whipple | |
|---|---|
 Posthumous portrait by Walter Gilman Page, 1897 | |
| Born | January 14, 1730 Kittery, Massachusetts Bay (now Maine), British America |
| Died | November 28, 1785 (aged 55) New Hampshire, U.S. |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  Continental Army
|
| Rank |  Brigadier general |
| Commands | New Hampshire Militia (Bellow's Regiment of Militia, Chase's Regiment of Militia, Moore's Regiment of Militia, Welch's Regiment of Militia) |
| Battles / wars | American Revolutionary War |
| Spouse(s) | Catherine Moffat Whipple |
| Signature |  |
William Whipple Jr. (January 25, 1731 NS [January 14, 1730 OS] – November 28, 1785) was an American Founding Father and signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence. He represented New Hampshire as a member of the Continental Congress from 1776 through 1779.[1] He worked as both a ship's captain and a merchant, and he studied in college to become a judge. He died of heart complications in 1785, aged 55.[1]
Early life and education
Whipple was born in Kittery in Massachusetts Bay (now Maine)[2] in the William Whipple House to Captain William Whipple Sr. and his wife Mary (née Cutt).[3] He was educated at a common school until he went off to sea, where he became a ship's master at age 21.[4][5] He married his first cousin Catherine Moffat in 1767,[4] and they moved into the Moffatt-Ladd House on Market Street in Portsmouth in 1769.[6][4] Their son William Whipple III died in infancy.[5] Whipple was a descendant of Samuel Appleton, early settler in Ipswich, Massachusetts.[7]
Whipple earned his fortune participating in the Triangle trade of the West Indies and Africa,[4] with cargo such as wood, rum, and enslaved humans.[8][9][5] He established himself as a merchant in Portsmouth in 1759, in partnership with his brother Joseph.[10]
Political career
In 1775, New Hampshire dissolved the British Royal government and organized a House of Representatives and an Executive Council known collectively as a Provincial Congress, and Whipple was elected to represent Portsmouth.[11] He became a member of the Committee of Safety. He was then elected to the Continental Congress, and he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was the second cousin of fellow signatory Stephen Hopkins.[3] In January 1776, Whipple wrote to fellow signatory Josiah Bartlett of the approaching convention:
This year, my Friend, is big with mighty events. Nothing less than the fate of America depends on the virtue of her sons, and if they do not have virtue enough to support the most Glorious Cause ever human beings were engaged in, they don't deserve the blessings of freedom.[4]
,_by_John_Trumbull.jpg)
Whipple freed his enslaved servant, Prince Whipple,[13] believing that no man could fight for freedom and hold another in bondage.[6] He wrote:
A recommendation is gone thither for raising some regiments of Blacks. This, I suppose will lay a foundation for the emancipation of those wretches in that country. I hope it will be the means of dispensing the blessings of Freedom to all the human race in America.[5]
Military career
Whipple was given his first commission by the New Hampshire Provincial Congress in 1777. At Saratoga, Whipple was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of four regiments of militia. Whipple commanded Bellow's regiment, Chase's regiment, Moore's regiment, and Welch's regiment. As a result of their meritorious conduct at the Battle of Saratoga, Whipple and Colonel James Wilkinson were then chosen by Major General Horatio Gates to determine terms of capitulation with two representatives of General John Burgoyne. Whipple then signed the Convention of Saratoga, the effective surrender of General Burgoyne and his troops.[14]
Whipple was then appointed along with several other officers to escort Burgoyne and his army back to Winter Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts. Whipple passed the news of the victory at Saratoga to Captain John Paul Jones, who informed Benjamin Franklin, who was in Paris at the time. News of the victory proved valuable to Franklin throughout alliance negotiations with the French. In 1778, Whipple followed his commanding officer, General John Sullivan to the Battle of Rhode Island, where he commanded Evans' regiment, Peabody's regiment, and Langdon's light horse regiment. After General Sullivan ordered retreat, Whipple and other officers resided in a house near the battlefield. The approaching enemy fired a field piece from a range of three-quarters of a mile. The shot tore through a horse lashed outside the house and severely wounded the leg of one of Whipple's brigade majors, which later required amputation.[15]
Death
After the war, Whipple became an associate justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire. On November 28, 1785, he suffered from a heart ailment and died after fainting from atop his horse while traveling his court circuit. He was buried in what is now the North Cemetery in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[16] His headstone was replaced with a new memorial in 1976 in conjunction with the United States Bicentennial.[citation needed]
See also
- New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 114: North Cemetery
- William Whipple House, his birthplace in Kittery
- Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
References
- ^ a b "Signers of the Declaration of Independence: William Whipple".
- ^ Lossing, Benson John (1995). Lives of the signers of the Declaration of Independence : a reprint of an 1848 original. Aledo, TX: WallBuilder Press. p. 17. ISBN 0-925279-45-5.
- ^ a b "General Whipple's Ancestors".
- ^ a b c d e DSDI staff (December 11, 2011). "William Whipple". The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
- ^ a b c d Vaughan, Dorothy Mansfield (February 26, 1964). "This Was a Man: A Biography of General William Whipple". New Hampshire: The National Society of The Colonial Dames in the State of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on January 18, 2003. Retrieved January 18, 2003.
- ^ a b "The Whipples". Moffatt-Ladd House & Garden. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
- ^ Felt, Joseph B. History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton. Csambridge, 1834, pp. 159–160, 169.
- ^ "Framers of Freedom: William Whipple". Archived from the original on 2015-05-23. Retrieved 2015-03-27.
- ^ "William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence".
- ^ Bond, Charles D.; Bond, Marie R. (November 2002). "Mount Joseph Whipple: How and Why It Got Its Name" (PDF). Retrieved July 10, 2020 – via whipple.org.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/declaration/bio51.html[dead link]
- ^ Trumbull painted Whipple portrait in the Declaration of Independence from memory; an alleged portrait of Whipple in Independence Hall was based on a 1805 portrait of a Joseph Wipple by St.Memin "Paintings of John Trumbull" by John Hill Morgan 1926
- ^ "Prince Whipple: Symbol of African Americans at the Battle of Trenton". Archived from the original on 2002-08-18.
- ^ http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/declaration/bio51.html[dead link]
- ^ Kieffer, Mike. "Founding Father Document - Biography for William Whipple".
- ^ "North Cemetery - Portsmouth, NH". waymarking.com. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
Further reading
- State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builders Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
- Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence. By Rev. Charles A. goodrich, published by William Reed & Co. New York 1829
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to William Whipple.
- Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
- Burial site of William Whipple
- Genealogical Reference
- William Whipple at Find a Grave
- Colonial Hall
- William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence.
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
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Categories:
- 1730 births
- 1785 deaths
- Continental Congressmen from New Hampshire
- 18th-century American politicians
- Militia generals in the American Revolution
- New Hampshire militiamen in the American Revolution
- Politicians from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
- Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence
- People of colonial New Hampshire
- People of New Hampshire in the American Revolution
- People of colonial Maine
- Appleton family
- American people of English descent
- American Congregationalists
- American slave owners
- People from Kittery, Maine
- People of pre-statehood Maine
- Burials in New Hampshire
- Founding Fathers of the United States