The Vichy Syndrome: Difference between revisions
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The '''Vichy syndrome''' is a term introduced by Henry Rousso in his 1987 book, {{lang|fr|Le syndrome de Vichy}}, to describe the collective guilt, shame, and denial that many French people felt in the aftermath of the [[Second World War]], particularly with regard to the [[Collaboration with the Axis powers#France|collaborationist Vichy government]]. The [[Vichy regime]]'s complicity in the [[Antisemitism in France#Vichy regime|persecution of Jews]] and other minorities has been a source of shame and controversy in France ever since.{{sfn|Coutau-Bégarie|1988|p=784}}{{sfn|Gordon|1995|p=495}} |
The '''Vichy syndrome''' is a term introduced by Henry Rousso in his 1987 book, {{lang|fr|Le syndrome de Vichy}}, to describe the collective guilt, shame, and denial that many French people felt in the aftermath of the [[Second World War]], particularly with regard to the [[Collaboration with the Axis powers#France|collaborationist Vichy government]]. The [[Vichy regime]]'s complicity in the [[Antisemitism in France#Vichy regime|persecution of Jews]] and other minorities has been a source of shame and controversy in France ever since.{{sfn|Coutau-Bégarie|1988|p=784}}{{sfn|Gordon|1995|p=495}} |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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{{unreferenced section|date=March 2023}} |
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2023}} |
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After the war, [[Charles de Gaulle]] declared that "The Republic [had] never ceased to exist" and "Vichy was and is null and void." [[Liberation of France|France was liberated by Allied troops]] in 1944. France's collaboration with Germans was whitewashed. A false narrative of exaggerated importance of the Resistance in the Liberation created the founding myth of post-Vichy France, and it closely intertwined with the question on how France should face the history to recognize its stake in the Holocaust and how this period should be oriented in French national memory. |
After the war, [[Charles de Gaulle]] declared that "The Republic [had] never ceased to exist" and "Vichy was and is null and void." [[Liberation of France|France was liberated by Allied troops]] in 1944. France's collaboration with Germans was whitewashed. A false narrative of exaggerated importance of the Resistance in the Liberation created the founding myth of post-Vichy France, and it closely intertwined with the question on how France should face the history to recognize its stake in the Holocaust and how this period should be oriented in French national memory. |
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== Reception == |
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Rousso's book {{lang|fr|Le syndrome de Vichy 1944–1987}} was published in France in 1987, and was recognized as an "instant classic",{{sfn|Coutau-Bégarie|1988|p=784}}. Republished in 1990 as {{lang|fr|Le Syndrome de Vichy de 1944 à nos jours}}, it was labeled "magisterial".{{sfn|Bracher|1993|p=118}} The book first appeared in English in 1991 as ''The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944'' and was immediately noted in the English literature, inspiring comment and ferther analysis in journals such as [[French Historical Studies]].{{sfn|Gordon|1995|p=496}}. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Myth of the clean Wehrmacht|Myth of the clean ''Wehrmacht'']] - the negationist notion that regular German armed forces were not involved in the Holocaust or other war crimes during World War II. |
*[[Myth of the clean Wehrmacht|Myth of the clean ''Wehrmacht'']] - the negationist notion that regular German armed forces were not involved in the Holocaust or other war crimes during World War II. |
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==Works cited== |
==Works cited== |
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* {{cite journal |lang=fr |last=Bracher |first=Nathan |date=1993 |title=Le Syndrome de Vichy de 1944 à nos jours by Henry Rousso (review) |journal=[[L'Esprit Créateur]] |publisher=[[JHU Press]] |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages= |doi=10.1353/esp.1993.0054 |oclc=7079175074 |via=TWL/Project MUSE |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/526843/summary}} |
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* {{cite journal |lang=fr |last=Coutau-Bégarie |first=Hervé |date=1988 |title=Henry Rousso. Le syndrome de Vichy (1944-1987) |trans-title= |journal=Politique étrangère |publisher= |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=784 |doi= |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_3_3805_t1_0784_0000_2 }} |
* {{cite journal |lang=fr |last=Coutau-Bégarie |first=Hervé |date=1988 |title=Henry Rousso. Le syndrome de Vichy (1944-1987) |trans-title= |journal=Politique étrangère |publisher= |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=784 |doi= |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_3_3805_t1_0784_0000_2 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Bertram M |date=<!--Autumn--> 1995 |title=The 'Vichy Syndrome' Problem in History |journal=French Historical Studies |volume=19 |number=2 |publisher=Duke University Press, Society for French Historical Studies |issn=0016-1071 |pages=495–518 |doi=10.2307/286785 |via=JSTOR |jstor=286785}} |
* {{cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Bertram M |date=<!--Autumn--> 1995 |title=The 'Vichy Syndrome' Problem in History |journal=French Historical Studies |volume=19 |number=2 |publisher=Duke University Press, Society for French Historical Studies |issn=0016-1071 |pages=495–518 |doi=10.2307/286785 |via=JSTOR |jstor=286785}} |
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The Vichy syndrome is a term introduced by Henry Rousso in his 1987 book, Le syndrome de Vichy, to describe the collective guilt, shame, and denial that many French people felt in the aftermath of the Second World War, particularly with regard to the collaborationist Vichy government. The Vichy regime's complicity in the persecution of Jews and other minorities has been a source of shame and controversy in France ever since.[1][2]
Background
 |
After the war, Charles de Gaulle declared that "The Republic [had] never ceased to exist" and "Vichy was and is null and void." France was liberated by Allied troops in 1944. France's collaboration with Germans was whitewashed. A false narrative of exaggerated importance of the Resistance in the Liberation created the founding myth of post-Vichy France, and it closely intertwined with the question on how France should face the history to recognize its stake in the Holocaust and how this period should be oriented in French national memory.
Reception
Rousso's book Le syndrome de Vichy 1944–1987 was published in France in 1987, and was recognized as an "instant classic",[1]. Republished in 1990 as Le Syndrome de Vichy de 1944 à nos jours, it was labeled "magisterial".[3] The book first appeared in English in 1991 as The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944 and was immediately noted in the English literature, inspiring comment and ferther analysis in journals such as French Historical Studies.[4].
See also
- Myth of the clean Wehrmacht - the negationist notion that regular German armed forces were not involved in the Holocaust or other war crimes during World War II.
Works cited
- Bracher, Nathan (1993). "Le Syndrome de Vichy de 1944 à nos jours by Henry Rousso (review)". L'Esprit Créateur (in French). 33 (1). JHU Press. doi:10.1353/esp.1993.0054. OCLC 7079175074 – via TWL/Project MUSE.
- Coutau-Bégarie, Hervé (1988). "Henry Rousso. Le syndrome de Vichy (1944-1987)". Politique étrangère (in French). 53 (3): 784.
- Gordon, Bertram M (1995). "The 'Vichy Syndrome' Problem in History". French Historical Studies. 19 (2). Duke University Press, Society for French Historical Studies: 495–518. doi:10.2307/286785. ISSN 0016-1071. JSTOR 286785 – via JSTOR.
References
- ^ a b Coutau-Bégarie 1988, p. 784.
- ^ Gordon 1995, p. 495.
- ^ Bracher 1993, p. 118.
- ^ Gordon 1995, p. 496.
Further reading
- Rousso, Henry (1991). The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944. Harvard University Press. pp. vii–x, 15–19.
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