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==Biography==
==Biography==
Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,<ref>[[Baik Bong]], ''Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland'' (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.</ref>{{unreliable source|date=January 2019}} in the small village of [[Mangyongdae]], situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the [[Taedong River]] from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of [[Kim Bo-hyon]] (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hyung-chan Kim |date=2003 |title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability |journal=Korea and World Affairs |issn=0251-3072 |oclc=3860590 |publisher=Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso |location=Korea |volume=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CglyAAAAMAAJ&q=kim+grandfather+1871+1955 |page=251 |quote=One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |title=Alone in the dark |work=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Philip |last=Gourevitch |date=8 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017213109/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kim attended Sungshil School(평양숭실학교), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school(순화학교) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school(명신학교) in Kangdong in 1916 and later worked as a herbal [[pharmacist]]. He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree [[frostbite]].
Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,<ref>[[Baik Bong]], ''Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland'' (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.</ref>{{unreliable source|date=January 2019}} in the small village of [[Mangyongdae]], situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the [[Taedong River]] from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of [[Kim Bo-hyon]] (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hyung-chan Kim |date=2003 |title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability |journal=Korea and World Affairs |issn=0251-3072 |oclc=3860590 |publisher=Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso |location=Korea |volume=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CglyAAAAMAAJ&q=kim+grandfather+1871+1955 |page=251 |quote=One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |title=Alone in the dark |work=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Philip |last=Gourevitch |date=8 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017213109/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/09/08/030908fa_fact4?currentPage=all |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kim attended Sungshil School(평양숭실학교), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school(순화학교) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school(명신학교) in Ponghwari[[Kangdong County]] in 1916 and later worked as a herbal [[pharmacist]]. He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree [[frostbite]].


Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,<ref name="moreorless"/> and Kim even served as a part-time [[Protestant]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea | author = Lankov | first = Andrei | work = Korea Times | date = 17 August 2011 | access-date = 2 August 2016 | url = http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/08/117_92972.html }}</ref> It was reported that his son, Kim Il-sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an [[atheism|atheist]] later in life.<ref name="moreorless">{{cite web|url=http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |title=Kim Il Sung killer file |publisher=Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205084244/http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |archive-date=5 December 2005 }}</ref>
Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,<ref name="moreorless"/> and Kim even served as a part-time [[Protestant]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea | author = Lankov | first = Andrei | work = Korea Times | date = 17 August 2011 | access-date = 2 August 2016 | url = http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/08/117_92972.html }}</ref> It was reported that his son, Kim Il-sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an [[atheism|atheist]] later in life.<ref name="moreorless">{{cite web|url=http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |title=Kim Il Sung killer file |publisher=Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205084244/http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/kim-il-sung.html |archive-date=5 December 2005 }}</ref>

Revision as of 19:32, 5 April 2023

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.
Seonsaeng[1]
Kim Hyong-jik
김형직
Born(1894-07-10)10 July 1894
Mangyongdae, Joseon
Died5 June 1926(1926-06-05) (aged 31)
Jilin Province, Manchuria, Republic of China
SpouseKang Pan-sok
ChildrenKim Il-sung
Kim Chol-ju
Kim Yong-ju
Parent(s)Kim Bo-hyon
Lee Bo-ik
RelativesKim family
Kim Hyong-jik
Chosŏn'gŭl
김형직
Hancha
金亨稷
Revised RomanizationGim Hyeong-jik
McCune–ReischauerKim Hyŏng-jik

Kim Hyong-jik (Korean: 김형직; 10 July 1894 – 5 June 1926) was a Korean independence activist during Japanese rule. He was the father of the North Korean founder Kim Il-sung, the paternal grandfather of Kim Jong-il, and a great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-un.

Biography

Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,[2][unreliable source?] in the small village of Mangyongdae, situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the Taedong River from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Bo-hyon (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).[3][4] Kim attended Sungshil School(평양숭실학교), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school(순화학교) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school(명신학교) in PonghwariKangdong County in 1916 and later worked as a herbal pharmacist. He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.

Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,[5] and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.[6] It was reported that his son, Kim Il-sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.[5]

Kim Il-sung often spoke of his father's idea of chiwŏn (righteous aspirations).

Kim Jong-il's official government biography states that his grandfather was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea".[7] Kim Hyong-jik is claimed by North Korea to have convened an important meeting of independence activists in November, 1921 memorialized at the Sansong Revolutionary Site.

Family

  • Father: Kim Bo-hyon (김보현; 3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955)
    • Paternal grandfather: Kim Ung-u (김응우; 17 June 1848 – 4 October 1878)
    • Paternal grandmother: Lady Lee (이씨)
  • Mother: Lee Bo-ik (이보익; 31 May 1876 – 18 October 1959)
  • Two brothers
    • Kim Hyong-rok (김형록)
    • Kim Hyong-gwon (김형권; 4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936)
  • Three sisters
    • Kim Gu-il (김구일녀)
    • Kim Hyong-sil (김형실)
    • Kim Hyong-bok (김형복)
  • Wife: Kang Pan-sok
    • First son: Kim Il-sung (김일성; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994)
    • Second son: Kim Chol-ju (김철주; 12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935)
    • Third son: Kim Yong-ju (김영주; 1920–2021)



References

  1. ^ "김형직선생의 지원의 사상은 영원히 빛날것이라고 나이제리아단체 강조". Uriminzokkiri. 28 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. ^ Baik Bong, Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.
  3. ^ Hyung-chan Kim (2003). "Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability". Korea and World Affairs. 27. Korea: Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso: 251. ISSN 0251-3072. OCLC 3860590. One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.
  4. ^ Gourevitch, Philip (8 September 2003). "Alone in the dark". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Kim Il Sung killer file". Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005.
  6. ^ Lankov, Andrei (17 August 2011). "Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea". Korea Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. ^ Kim Jong Il: Short Biography (PDF). Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 2. OCLC 79301411.

Further reading

  • April 15th Writing Staff, Central Committee of Korean Writers' Union. Dawn of a New Age: A Novel. Vol. 1. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 154676863.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • The Party History Institute of the C. C. Of the Workers' Party of Korea (1973). Kim Hyong Jik: Indomitable Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Fighter. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 252037406.
  • Ponghwa Revolutionary Site. The Korean Preparatory Committee for the 13th WFTYS. 1988. KPEA 2JB070.
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