Great Seal of Scotland: Difference between revisions
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The Great Seal is administered by the keeper of the Great Seal, one of the [[Great Officers of State]]. From 1885 this office was held by the [[secretary for Scotland]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/48-49/61/section/8/enacted|title=Secretary for Scotland Act 1885|website=www.legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> later the [[Secretary of State for Scotland]]. It transferred in 1999 to the [[first minister of Scotland]],<ref>Scotland Act 1998, section 45(7)</ref> whose place in the [[order of precedence in Scotland]] is determined by his or her office as keeper of the Great Seal. In practice the Seal is in the custody of the keeper of the Registers of Scotland, who has been appointed as deputy keeper. |
The Great Seal is administered by the keeper of the Great Seal, one of the [[Great Officers of State]]. From 1885 this office was held by the [[secretary for Scotland]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/48-49/61/section/8/enacted|title=Secretary for Scotland Act 1885|website=www.legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> later the [[Secretary of State for Scotland]]. It transferred in 1999 to the [[first minister of Scotland]],<ref>Scotland Act 1998, section 45(7)</ref> whose place in the [[order of precedence in Scotland]] is determined by his or her office as keeper of the Great Seal. In practice the Seal is in the custody of the keeper of the Registers of Scotland, who has been appointed as deputy keeper. |
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==List of Keepers of the Great Seal== |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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*1389–96: Sir Alexander de Cockburn<ref>{{Citation |
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| url = http://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/cockburn.htm |
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| title = Article on the Cockburn family |
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| access-date = 17 April 2012 |
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}}</ref> |
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*Date unknown (c. 1473): [[Alexander de Cockburn]]<!-- This article has been wrongly deleted. --> |
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*1474–1483 [[John Laing (bishop)|John Laing]] [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
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*1514: [[Gavin Douglas]], [[Bishop of Dunkeld]] |
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*1525: [[Gavin Dunbar (Bishop of Aberdeen)|Gavin Dunbar]], [[Bishop of Aberdeen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/search.php?a=fcf&fn=jamesv_trans&id=id3464&t=trans|title=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland|website=www.rps.ac.uk}}</ref> |
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*Date unknown: [[James Beaton]] (1473–1539) |
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*Date Unknown: [[John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis]] (c. 1521–1558) |
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*1558: [[John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis]] |
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*1561: [[George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly]]<ref>(Chalmers, George, 1742-1825. The Life of Mary, Queen of Scots: Drawn From the State Papers, With Subsidiary Memoirs. 2d ed., corr. and enl. London: J. Murray, 1822: Voir volume 3, p.153).</ref> |
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*1562–1567:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358854/Sir-Richard-Maitland-Lord-Lethington|title=Sir Richard Maitland, Lord Lethington - Scottish poet}}</ref> Sir [[Richard Maitland]] |
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...<!-- These articles are missing because they have been deleted by Hackers! --> |
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*1635–1638: [[John Spottiswoode]], [[Archbishop of St. Andrews]]<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Spottiswoode, John |volume=25}}</ref> |
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*1638–1641: [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton|James, Marquis of Hamilton]]<ref name="DNB, vol. 8 p. 365">{{cite DNB|last=Barker |first=George Fisher Russell |wstitle=Campbell, John (1598-1663) |volume=8 |pages=365}}</ref> |
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*1641–1660: [[John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun]]<ref name="DNB, vol. 8 p. 365"/> |
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*1657–1660: [[Samuel Disbrowe]] (for the [[Commonwealth (England)|Commonwealth]]) |
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*Date unknown: [[Sir Adam Forrester]] |
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*Date unknown: [[<!-- This article had been deleted by a Hack! -->Sir John Forrester]] |
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{{Main|Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland}} |
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*1708: [[Hugh Campbell, 3rd Earl of Loudoun]] |
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*1713: [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater, 1st Earl of Seafield]] |
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*1714: [[William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale]] |
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*1716: [[James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose]] |
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*1733: [[Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll|Archibald Campbell, 1st Earl of Islay]] |
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*1761: [[Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry|Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry, 2nd Duke of Dover]] |
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*1763: [[James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl]] |
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*1764: [[Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont]] |
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*1794: [[Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon]] |
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*1806: [[James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale]] |
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*1807: [[Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16018|date=11 April 1807|page=450}}</ref> |
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*1827: [[George William Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll]] |
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*1828: [[George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon]] |
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*1830: [[George William Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll]] |
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*1840: [[John Hamilton Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair]] |
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*1841: [[John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll]] |
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*1846: [[John Hamilton Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair]] |
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*1852: [[Dunbar James Douglas, 6th Earl of Selkirk]] |
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*1853: [[Cospatrick Alexander Home, 11th Earl of Home]] |
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*1858: [[Dunbar James Douglas, 6th Earl of Selkirk]] |
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The following are keepers of the Great Seal who served as [[secretaries for Scotland]] (1885–1926). |
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*1885: [[Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond]] |
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*1886: [[George Otto Trevelyan]] |
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*1886: [[John William Ramsay, 13th Earl of Dalhousie]] |
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*1886: [[Arthur Balfour]] |
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*1887: [[Schomberg Henry Kerr, 9th Marquess of Lothian]] |
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*1892: [[George Otto Trevelyan]] |
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*1895: [[Alexander Hugh Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh]] |
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*1903: [[Andrew Murray, 1st Viscount Dunedin]] |
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*1905: [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]] |
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*1905: [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland]] |
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*1912: [[Thomas McKinnon Wood]] |
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*1916: [[Harold Tennant]] |
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*1916: [[Robert Munro, 1st Baron Alness]] |
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*1922: [[Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar]] |
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*1924: [[William Adamson]] |
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*1926: [[Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Gilmour]] |
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The following are keepers of the Great Seal who served as [[secretaries of state for Scotland]] (1926–1999). |
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*1926: [[Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Gilmour]] |
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*1929: [[William Adamson]] |
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*1931: [[Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso|Sir Archibald Sinclair]] |
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*1932: [[Godfrey Collins|Sir Godfrey Collins]] |
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*1936: [[Walter Elliot (Scottish Unionist MP)|Walter Elliot]] |
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*1938: [[John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir|John Colville]] |
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*1940: [[Ernest Brown (MP)|Ernest Brown]] |
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*1941: [[Tom Johnston (Scottish politician)|Thomas Johnston]] |
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*1945: [[Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery]] |
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*1945: [[Joseph Westwood]] |
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*1947: [[Arthur Woodburn]] |
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*1950: [[Hector McNeil]] |
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*1951: [[James Gray Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn|James Stuart]] |
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*1957: [[John Scott Maclay, 1st Viscount Muirshiel|John Maclay]] |
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*1962: [[Michael Noble, Baron Glenkinglas|Michael Noble]] |
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*1964: [[William Ross, Baron Ross of Marnock|William Ross]] |
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*1970: [[Gordon Campbell (British politician)|Gordon Campbell]] |
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*1974: [[William Ross, Baron Ross of Marnock|William Ross]] |
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*1976: [[Bruce Millan]] |
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*1979: [[George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie|George Younger]] |
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*1986: [[Malcolm Rifkind]] |
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*1990: [[Ian Lang]] |
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*1995: [[Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean|Michael Forsyth]] |
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*1997: [[Donald Dewar]] |
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The office of the Keeper of the Great Seal was transferred on 6 May 1999, to the [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]], in accordance with the terms of section 45(7) of the [[Scotland Act 1998]]. |
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*1999: [[Donald Dewar]] |
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*2000: [[Henry McLeish]] |
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*2001: [[Jack McConnell]] |
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*2007: [[Alex Salmond]] |
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*2014: [[Nicola Sturgeon]] |
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*2023: [[Humza Yousaf]] |
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==Register== |
==Register== |
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Revision as of 22:34, 14 April 2023
The Great Seal of Scotland (Template:Lang-gd) is a principal national symbol of Scotland that allows the monarch to authorise official documents without having to sign each document individually. Wax is melted in a metal mould or matrix and impressed into a wax figure that is attached by cord or ribbon to documents that the monarch wishes to make official. The earliest seal impression, in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral, is believed to be the Great Seal of Duncan II and dates to 1094.
The current keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland is the First Minister of Scotland and it is considered as one of the highest honours of that office.
| This article is part of a series within the Politics of the United Kingdom on the |
| Politics of Scotland |
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History
The chancellor had the custody of the King's Seal. [1]
Strictly, the continuation of the Great Seal of Scotland was guaranteed by the Treaty of Union which provided that "a Seal in Scotland after the Union be alwayes kept and made use of in all things relating to private Rights or Grants, which have usually passed the Great Seal of Scotland, and which only concern Offices, Grants, Commissions, and private Rights within that Kingdom". Hence, the Scotland Act 1998 refers to the current seal as "the seal appointed by the Treaty of Union to be kept and made use of in place of the Great Seal of Scotland". Nevertheless, the seal is still commonly referred to as the Great Seal of Scotland.
Section 12 of the Treason Act 1708, still in force today, makes it treason in Scotland to counterfeit the seal.[2]
The design of the Great Seal is a responsibility of the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The reverse of the seal shows the monarch on horseback, but is not changed from reign to reign—the current version is that engraved in 1911 for the accession of King George V.[citation needed] The obverse is inscribed "ELIZABETH II D G BRITT REGNORVMQVE SVORVM CETER REGINA CONSORTIONIS POPULORUM PRINCEPS F D" and the figure on it is the same as on the Great Seal of the United Kingdom.[3]
The Great Seal is administered by the keeper of the Great Seal, one of the Great Officers of State. From 1885 this office was held by the secretary for Scotland,[4] later the Secretary of State for Scotland. It transferred in 1999 to the first minister of Scotland,[5] whose place in the order of precedence in Scotland is determined by his or her office as keeper of the Great Seal. In practice the Seal is in the custody of the keeper of the Registers of Scotland, who has been appointed as deputy keeper.
List of Keepers of the Great Seal
Register
Records of charters under the Great Seal of Scotland from 1306 to 1668 are published in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland (Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum).[6]
See also
References
- ^ See list for years AD1057-1794, pp. 78–82 in "A political index to the histories of Great Britain and Ireland" by Robert Beatson: https://archive.org/stream/apoliticalindex02beatgoog#page/n88/mode/2up
- ^ "Treason Act 1708". www.legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ The inscription is abbreviated Latin for "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of the Britains and of Her Other Kingdoms Queen, Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, Defender of the Faith". See Great Seal of the Realm.
- ^ "Secretary for Scotland Act 1885". www.legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ Scotland Act 1998, section 45(7)
- ^ "NRS Website - Chancery Records". www.nrscotland.gov.uk. 31 May 2013.