1323: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Benozzo Gozzoli - Triumph of St Thomas Aquinas - WGA10334.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Triumph of St [[Thomas Aquinas]] (middle) by [[Benozzo Gozzoli]] (1471)]] |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* [[March 6]] – [[Treaty of Paris (1323)|Treaty of Paris]]: Count [[Louis I, Count of Flanders|Louis I]] relinquish Flemish claims over the [[County of Zeeland]]. He acknowledges [[William I, Count of Hainaut|William II]] ('''the Good''') as count of [[Avesnes family|Avesnes]], [[County of Holland|Holland]], and Zeeland as a state within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. William occupies most of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Bishopric of Utrecht]] and tries to conquer [[Friesland]] (or [[Frisia]]) but is repelled by Governor [[Hessel Martena]].<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 608. Eleventh Edition, Vol. XIII, Ed. Hugh Chisholm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1910).</ref> |
* [[March 6]] – [[Treaty of Paris (1323)|Treaty of Paris]]: Count [[Louis I, Count of Flanders|Louis I]] relinquish Flemish claims over the [[County of Zeeland]]. He acknowledges [[William I, Count of Hainaut|William II]] ('''the Good''') as count of [[Avesnes family|Avesnes]], [[County of Holland|Holland]], and Zeeland as a state within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. William occupies most of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Bishopric of Utrecht]] and tries to conquer [[Friesland]] (or [[Frisia]]) but is repelled by Governor [[Hessel Martena]].<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 608. Eleventh Edition, Vol. XIII, Ed. Hugh Chisholm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1910).</ref> |
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* [[June 11]] – [[Bertrand du Pouget]], French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibellines]] besieges [[Milan]] – but abandons the siege when King [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] ('''the Bavarian''') sends a relief army to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] to aid the city and to protect his domains against the [[Kingdom of Naples]], which is together with [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] the strongest ally of the |
* [[June 11]] – [[Bertrand du Pouget]], French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibellines]] besieges [[Milan]] – but abandons the siege when King [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] ('''the Bavarian''') sends a relief army to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] to aid the city and to protect his domains against the [[Kingdom of Naples]], which is together with [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] the strongest ally of the [[Papal States]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 158. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
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* [[August 12]] – [[Treaty of Nöteborg]]: [[Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] signs a peace treaty with the [[Novgorod Republic]], regulating the border (known as [[Finland]] today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the [[Hanseatic League]] in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the [[Gulf of Finland]] during the [[Swedish-Novgorodian Wars]].<ref>Jensen, Kurt Villads (2019). ''Ristiretket'', p. 280. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. {{ISBN|978-952-7045-09-1}}.</ref> |
* [[August 12]] – [[Treaty of Nöteborg]]: [[Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] signs a peace treaty with the [[Novgorod Republic]], regulating the border (known as [[Finland]] today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the [[Hanseatic League]] in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the [[Gulf of Finland]] during the [[Swedish-Novgorodian Wars]].<ref>Jensen, Kurt Villads (2019). ''Ristiretket'', p. 280. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. {{ISBN|978-952-7045-09-1}}.</ref> |
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* November – [[1323–1328 Flemish revolt|Flemish Revolt]]: A uprising in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] is caused by both excessive taxation levied by Louis I, and by his pro-French policies. The revolt is led by landowning farmers under [[Nicolaas Zannekin]]. Members of the local gentry join and [[William Deken]], mayor of [[Bruges]], becomes the leader of the revolt.<ref>William H. TeBrake (1993). ''A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323–1328''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-3241-0}}.</ref> |
* November – [[1323–1328 Flemish revolt|Flemish Revolt]]: A uprising in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] is caused by both excessive taxation levied by Louis I, and by his pro-French policies. The revolt is led by landowning farmers under [[Nicolaas Zannekin]]. Members of the local gentry join and [[William Deken]], mayor of [[Bruges]], becomes the leader of the revolt.<ref>William H. TeBrake (1993). ''A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323–1328''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-3241-0}}.</ref> |
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==== England ==== |
==== England ==== |
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* [[May 30]] – King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] makes a 13-year truce with [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] at [[York]]. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I]] ('''the Bruce''') as independent ruler of Scotland.<ref>Pete Armstrong (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 89. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref> |
* [[May 30]] – King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] makes a 13-year truce with [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] at [[York]]. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I]] ('''the Bruce''') as independent ruler of Scotland.<ref>Pete Armstrong (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 89. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref> |
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==== Asia ==== |
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* [[March 13]] – [[Siege of Warangal (1323)|Siege of Warangal]]: Sultan [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] sends an expeditionary army led by his son, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], to the Kakatiya capital [[Warangal]] – after ruler [[Prataparudra]] has refused to make [[tribute]] payments. He besieges the city and finally, after a campaign of 8 months, Prataparudra surrenders on [[November 9]].<ref>Richard M. Eaton (2005). ''A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761'', p. 21. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521254847}}.</ref> |
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=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
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Revision as of 22:30, 16 April 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2017) |
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1323 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1323 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1323 MCCCXXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2076 |
| Armenian calendar | 772 ԹՎ ՉՀԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6073 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1244–1245 |
| Bengali calendar | 730 |
| Berber calendar | 2273 |
| English Regnal year | 16 Edw. 2 – 17 Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1867 |
| Burmese calendar | 685 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6831–6832 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 4020 or 3813 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4021 or 3814 |
| Coptic calendar | 1039–1040 |
| Discordian calendar | 2489 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1315–1316 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5083–5084 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1379–1380 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1244–1245 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4423–4424 |
| Holocene calendar | 11323 |
| Igbo calendar | 323–324 |
| Iranian calendar | 701–702 |
| Islamic calendar | 722–723 |
| Japanese calendar | Genkō 3 (元亨３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1234–1235 |
| Julian calendar | 1323 MCCCXXIII |
| Korean calendar | 3656 |
| Minguo calendar | 589 before ROC 民前589年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −145 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1865–1866 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 1449 or 1068 or 296 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1450 or 1069 or 297 |
Year 1323 (MCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- March 6 – Treaty of Paris: Count Louis I relinquish Flemish claims over the County of Zeeland. He acknowledges William II (the Good) as count of Avesnes, Holland, and Zeeland as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. William occupies most of the Bishopric of Utrecht and tries to conquer Friesland (or Frisia) but is repelled by Governor Hessel Martena.[1]
- June 11 – Bertrand du Pouget, French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the Ghibellines besieges Milan – but abandons the siege when King Louis IV (the Bavarian) sends a relief army to Italy to aid the city and to protect his domains against the Kingdom of Naples, which is together with France the strongest ally of the Papal States.[2]
- August 12 – Treaty of Nöteborg: Sweden signs a peace treaty with the Novgorod Republic, regulating the border (known as Finland today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the Hanseatic League in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the Gulf of Finland during the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars.[3]
- November – Flemish Revolt: A uprising in Flanders is caused by both excessive taxation levied by Louis I, and by his pro-French policies. The revolt is led by landowning farmers under Nicolaas Zannekin. Members of the local gentry join and William Deken, mayor of Bruges, becomes the leader of the revolt.[4]
- Winter – A conflict between Ingeborg of Norway and the regencies of her 7-year-old son, King Magnus IV (Eriksson), in Sweden and Norway, ends with the diminution of her power.[5]
England
- May 30 – King Edward II makes a 13-year truce with Scotland at York. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept Robert I (the Bruce) as independent ruler of Scotland.[6]
Asia
- March 13 – Siege of Warangal: Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sends an expeditionary army led by his son, Muhammad bin Tughluq, to the Kakatiya capital Warangal – after ruler Prataparudra has refused to make tribute payments. He besieges the city and finally, after a campaign of 8 months, Prataparudra surrenders on November 9.[7]
By topic
Architecture
- Remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) are topled by the third of a series of earthquakes.
Cities and Towns
- Vilnius is first mentioned in written sources as Vilna when the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas, Vilnius are sent to German cities inviting Germans (including German Jews) to settle in the capital city.[8]
Religion
- July 18 – Thomas Aquinas (or Aquino), Italian priest and theologian, is canonized by Pope John XXII at the Avignon Cathedral and pronounced as a saint.[9]
- October 8 – John XXII claims the right to confirm imperial elections and demands that Louis IV (the Bavarian) surrender the kingship of the Romans.[10]
Births
- February 9 – Margaret of Brabant, Countess of Flanders (d. 1380)
- Charles, Duke of Durazzo, Neapolitan noble (d. 1348)
- Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan, Italian soldier and statesman (d. 1385)
- Latest likely date – Constanza Manuel, queen consort of Castile (d. 1345)
Deaths
- March 3 – Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, English military leader
- August – Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany (b. 1270)
- September 4 – Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan (b. 1303)
- October 16 – Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (b. 1249)
- date unknown
- King Andrew of Galicia, with his brother Leo II
- King Leo II of Galicia, with his brother Andrew (both died fighting Mongol-Tatars) (possibly Lithuanians)
References
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 608. Eleventh Edition, Vol. XIII, Ed. Hugh Chisholm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1910).
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 158. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Jensen, Kurt Villads (2019). Ristiretket, p. 280. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. ISBN 978-952-7045-09-1.
- ^ William H. TeBrake (1993). A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323–1328. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3241-0.
- ^ Arthur L. Herman (2021). The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, pp. 176–178. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-1328595904.
- ^ Pete Armstrong (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 89. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
- ^ Richard M. Eaton (2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761, p. 21. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521254847.
- ^ Snyder, Timothy (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999, pp. 92–93. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
- ^ Hampden, Renn Dickson (1848). "The Life of Thomas Aquinas: A Dissertation of the Scholastic Philosophy of the Middle Ages". Encyclopædia Metropolitana. London: John J. Griffin & Co. p. 54.
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 158. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.