Sohrai and Khovar painting: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Mural art practiced in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand, India}} |
{{Short description|Mural art practiced in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand, India}} |
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[[File:Tribal_Art_Gallery.jpg|thumb|Sohrai and Khovar paintings]] |
[[File:Tribal_Art_Gallery.jpg|thumb|Sohrai and Khovar paintings]] |
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'''Sohrai and Khovar''' is an aboriginal method of wall painting or mural prevalent in eastern part of india particularly in [[Hazaribagh district]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Aasheesh|date=2020-03-05|title=India's new rock stars|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/india-s-new-rock-stars-1652616-2020-03-05|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-30|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balasubramaniam|first=Chitra|date=2018-09-06|title=The beauty of Sohrai and Khovar paintings|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/the-beauty-of-sohrai-and-khovar-paintings/article24881453.ece|access-date=2021-06-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The art is related to the festival of [[sohrai]] which is celebrated during the autumn months after the Hindu festival of [[Diwali]]. Khowar painting specifically related marriage rituals among the tribes the region is celebrated in spring months.<ref>Kumari, Ms & Sarma, Rabindranath. (2023). A Study on Significance of Sohrai and Khovar Painting: From the Development Perspective. 8. 131-149. 10.27896/METSZET8.1/12. </ref>Nowadays the paintings are also done on paper and cloth so that it may be sold to patrons.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Chandra|first=Kavita Kanan|date=2018-02-17|title=Women keep it alive|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/660043/women-keep-alive.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cocooned in Jharkhand 's Sohrai and Khovar art |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/feb/05/cocooned-in-jharkhand-s-sohrai-and-khovar-art--2099063.html |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Heather |date=2016-05-18 |title=Hazaribagh: The Forest Villages |url=https://asianartnewspaper.com/the-painted-forest-villages-of-hazaribagh/ |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=Asian Art Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
'''Sohrai and Khovar''' is an aboriginal method of wall painting or mural prevalent in eastern part of india particularly in [[Hazaribagh district]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Aasheesh|date=2020-03-05|title=India's new rock stars|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/india-s-new-rock-stars-1652616-2020-03-05|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-30|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balasubramaniam|first=Chitra|date=2018-09-06|title=The beauty of Sohrai and Khovar paintings|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/the-beauty-of-sohrai-and-khovar-paintings/article24881453.ece|access-date=2021-06-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The art is related to the festival of [[sohrai]] which is celebrated during the autumn months after the Hindu festival of [[Diwali]]. Khowar painting specifically related marriage rituals among the tribes the region is celebrated in spring months.<ref name=":2">Kumari, Ms & Sarma, Rabindranath. (2023). A Study on Significance of Sohrai and Khovar Painting: From the Development Perspective. 8. 131-149. 10.27896/METSZET8.1/12. </ref>Nowadays the paintings are also done on paper and cloth so that it may be sold to patrons.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Chandra|first=Kavita Kanan|date=2018-02-17|title=Women keep it alive|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/660043/women-keep-alive.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cocooned in Jharkhand 's Sohrai and Khovar art |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/feb/05/cocooned-in-jharkhand-s-sohrai-and-khovar-art--2099063.html |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Heather |date=2016-05-18 |title=Hazaribagh: The Forest Villages |url=https://asianartnewspaper.com/the-painted-forest-villages-of-hazaribagh/ |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=Asian Art Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Origin of the art form can be traced back to [[Paleolithic]] period between 7000- 4000 BC.Cave paintings discovered in the area have similar animal and floral patterns as seen in the wall murals of the region. Natives believe that these paintings were made by their ancestors. Also, the Sohrai seems to be ancient meaning "to drive with the stick".<ref name=":3">Arunim Kumar Srivastava. Sohrai the tribal art. Int J Appl Res 2021;7(10):175-177. DOI: 10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i10c.9037</ref> |
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== Characteristics == |
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[[File:Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg|thumb|Sohrai wall paintings in Jharkhand, India]]The art of Sohrai painting is significantly matriarchal in its depiction as well as the tradition associated with it. The skill which is passed on from mother to daughter. Most of the de[iction shows pregnant figures and animals with their younger ones. hens and chicks are a very common representation. Other animals depicted in the painting are Indian buffalo, Indian rhinoceros, bumped cow, tigers, wild pigs and nilgai. The paintings in Sohrai are dedicated to [[Pashupatinath|Pashupati]] - rulers of creature. In sohrai there are prominent red and black line, the red lines represents the blood of ancestors and the black line depicts eternal death or god Shiva.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome :: Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. |url=https://tourism.jharkhand.gov.in/BlogList_page/blogLDetails/BLOG011 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=tourism.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> |
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Similarly, Khovar has matriarchal roots and is passed on mothers to daughters. As it is part of the marriage ritua, the etymology of the word suggests the same, Kho means bar and Var means groom, hence Khovar room of the groom. These paintings are made in the brides room by the mother and married couple spend their first night in this room.The theme of the paintings is generally related fertility and male-female relationships, which depicts recreation such as bamboo, elephant, turtle, peacock, lotus and other flowers.<ref name=":2" />[[File:Sohrai_painting,_Jharkhand.jpg|thumb|The painting is traditionally done by women]] |
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== Process == |
== Process == |
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Process of both the art forms start with coating the with a mixture of soil and dung,<ref name=":0" /> after this layer of white clay is applied and when the clay is partially dry patterns are created on it using fingers and sticks,<ref name=":3" /> |
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[[File:Sohrai_painting,_Jharkhand.jpg|thumb|The painting is traditionally done by women]] |
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Incase of Sohrai art firs the red lines are drawn depicting ancestor or fertility followed by a black line representing shiva then the white line are drawn depicting food as the art form is related to the harvest festival. The patterns are drawn instinctively derived from the natural forms and the persons connection with nature.<ref name=":2" /> |
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The Khovar painting is a sacred symbol depicting fertility and is generally monochrome. First the wall is covered with black earth depicting the womb and then it is covered with white clay which symbolises sperm. After the clay is set half-way, a comb is used to draw patterns resembling a rising Mother Goddess. Figure of pregnant peacock is considered most auspicious symbol for marriage room whereas animals, birds, lizards and flowers are drawn to create auspicious occasion of marriage.<ref name=":2" /> |
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== Present Situation == |
== Present Situation == |
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The art form was popularized by [[Bulu Imam]] since 1992, who established the [[Sanskriti Museum & Art Gallery]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deogharia |first=Jaideep |date=November 6, 2016 |title=Hazaribag's tribal wall art at Paris exhibition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/hazaribags-tribal-wall-art-at-paris-exhibition/articleshow/55271304.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, the Jharkhand government announced plans to adorn trains and government housing with Sohrai paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-27 |title=Jharkhand's tribal Sohrai paintings to adorn trains, PMSAY houses |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/jharkhand-s-tribal-sohrai-paintings-to-adore-trains-pmsay-houses/story-FcIFXe1iC1il1dYEE1lvpK.html |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> They received the [[Geographical Indication]] tag in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=2020-05-12 |title=GI tag for Jharkhand's Sohrai Khovar painting, Telangana's Telia Rumal |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/gi-tag-for-jharkhands-sohrai-khovar-painting-telanganas-telia-rumal/article31569123.ece |access-date=2021-06-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
The art form was popularized by [[Bulu Imam]] since 1992, who established the [[Sanskriti Museum & Art Gallery]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deogharia |first=Jaideep |date=November 6, 2016 |title=Hazaribag's tribal wall art at Paris exhibition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/hazaribags-tribal-wall-art-at-paris-exhibition/articleshow/55271304.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, the Jharkhand government announced plans to adorn trains and government housing with Sohrai paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-27 |title=Jharkhand's tribal Sohrai paintings to adorn trains, PMSAY houses |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/jharkhand-s-tribal-sohrai-paintings-to-adore-trains-pmsay-houses/story-FcIFXe1iC1il1dYEE1lvpK.html |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> They received the [[Geographical Indication]] tag in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=2020-05-12 |title=GI tag for Jharkhand's Sohrai Khovar painting, Telangana's Telia Rumal |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/gi-tag-for-jharkhands-sohrai-khovar-painting-telanganas-telia-rumal/article31569123.ece |access-date=2021-06-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 13:33, 19 April 2023
Sohrai and Khovar is an aboriginal method of wall painting or mural prevalent in eastern part of india particularly in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand.[1][2] The art is related to the festival of sohrai which is celebrated during the autumn months after the Hindu festival of Diwali. Khowar painting specifically related marriage rituals among the tribes the region is celebrated in spring months.[3]Nowadays the paintings are also done on paper and cloth so that it may be sold to patrons.[4][5][6]
History
Origin of the art form can be traced back to Paleolithic period between 7000- 4000 BC.Cave paintings discovered in the area have similar animal and floral patterns as seen in the wall murals of the region. Natives believe that these paintings were made by their ancestors. Also, the Sohrai seems to be ancient meaning "to drive with the stick".[7]
Characteristics
The art of Sohrai painting is significantly matriarchal in its depiction as well as the tradition associated with it. The skill which is passed on from mother to daughter. Most of the de[iction shows pregnant figures and animals with their younger ones. hens and chicks are a very common representation. Other animals depicted in the painting are Indian buffalo, Indian rhinoceros, bumped cow, tigers, wild pigs and nilgai. The paintings in Sohrai are dedicated to Pashupati - rulers of creature. In sohrai there are prominent red and black line, the red lines represents the blood of ancestors and the black line depicts eternal death or god Shiva.[8][7] Similarly, Khovar has matriarchal roots and is passed on mothers to daughters. As it is part of the marriage ritua, the etymology of the word suggests the same, Kho means bar and Var means groom, hence Khovar room of the groom. These paintings are made in the brides room by the mother and married couple spend their first night in this room.The theme of the paintings is generally related fertility and male-female relationships, which depicts recreation such as bamboo, elephant, turtle, peacock, lotus and other flowers.[3]
Process
Process of both the art forms start with coating the with a mixture of soil and dung,[5] after this layer of white clay is applied and when the clay is partially dry patterns are created on it using fingers and sticks,[7]
Incase of Sohrai art firs the red lines are drawn depicting ancestor or fertility followed by a black line representing shiva then the white line are drawn depicting food as the art form is related to the harvest festival. The patterns are drawn instinctively derived from the natural forms and the persons connection with nature.[3]
The Khovar painting is a sacred symbol depicting fertility and is generally monochrome. First the wall is covered with black earth depicting the womb and then it is covered with white clay which symbolises sperm. After the clay is set half-way, a comb is used to draw patterns resembling a rising Mother Goddess. Figure of pregnant peacock is considered most auspicious symbol for marriage room whereas animals, birds, lizards and flowers are drawn to create auspicious occasion of marriage.[3]
Present Situation
The art form was popularized by Bulu Imam since 1992, who established the Sanskriti Museum & Art Gallery.[4][9] In 2018, the Jharkhand government announced plans to adorn trains and government housing with Sohrai paintings.[10] They received the Geographical Indication tag in 2020.[11]
References
- ^ Sharma, Aasheesh (2020-03-05). "India's new rock stars". India Today. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Balasubramaniam, Chitra (2018-09-06). "The beauty of Sohrai and Khovar paintings". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
- ^ a b c d Kumari, Ms & Sarma, Rabindranath. (2023). A Study on Significance of Sohrai and Khovar Painting: From the Development Perspective. 8. 131-149. 10.27896/METSZET8.1/12.
- ^ a b Chandra, Kavita Kanan (2018-02-17). "Women keep it alive". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Cocooned in Jharkhand 's Sohrai and Khovar art". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
- ^ Heather (2016-05-18). "Hazaribagh: The Forest Villages". Asian Art Newspaper. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
- ^ a b c Arunim Kumar Srivastava. Sohrai the tribal art. Int J Appl Res 2021;7(10):175-177. DOI: 10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i10c.9037
- ^ "Welcome :: Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation Ltd". tourism.jharkhand.gov.in. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
- ^ Deogharia, Jaideep (November 6, 2016). "Hazaribag's tribal wall art at Paris exhibition". The Times of India. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Jharkhand's tribal Sohrai paintings to adorn trains, PMSAY houses". Hindustan Times. 2018-09-27. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
- ^ Kandavel, Sangeetha (2020-05-12). "GI tag for Jharkhand's Sohrai Khovar painting, Telangana's Telia Rumal". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
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