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In a dramatic production, an ensemble cast is one that is composed of multiple principal actors and performers who are typically assigned roughly equal amounts of screen time.^[1] The term is also used interchangeably to refer to a production (typically film) with a large cast or a cast with several prominent performers.^[2]

Structure

In contrast to the popular model, which gives precedence to a sole protagonist, an ensemble cast leans more towards a sense of "collectivity and community".^[3]

Cinema

Ensemble casts in film were introduced as early as September 1916, with D. W. Griffith's silent epic film Intolerance, featuring four separate though parallel plots.^[4] The film follows the lives of several characters over hundreds of years, across different cultures and time periods.^[5] The unification of different plot lines and character arcs is a key characteristic of ensemble casting in film; whether it's a location, event, or an overarching theme that ties the film and characters together.^[4]

Films that feature ensembles tend to emphasize the interconnectivity of the characters, even when the characters are strangers to one another.^[6] The interconnectivity is often shown to the audience through examples of the "six degrees of separation" theory, and allows them to navigate through plot lines using cognitive mapping.^[6] Examples of this method, where the six degrees of separation is evident in films with an ensemble cast, are in productions such as Love Actually, Crash, and Babel, which all have strong underlying themes interwoven within the plots that unify each film.^[4]

The Avengers, X-Men, and Justice League are three examples of ensemble casts in the superhero genre.^[7] In The Avengers, there is no need for a single central protagonist as each character shares equal importance in the narrative, successfully balancing the ensemble cast.^[8] Referential acting is a key factor in executing this balance, as ensemble cast members "play off each other rather than off reality".^[3]

Hollywood movies with ensemble casts tend to use numerous actors of high renown and/or prestige, instead of one or two "big stars" and a lesser-known supporting cast.^{[citation needed]}

Television

Ensemble casting also became more popular in television series because it allows flexibility for writers to focus on different characters in different episodes. In addition, the departure of players is less disruptive than would be the case with a regularly structured cast. The television series The Golden Girls and Friends are archetypal examples of ensemble casts in American sitcoms. The science-fiction mystery drama Lost features an ensemble cast. Ensemble casts of 20 or more actors are common in soap operas, a genre that relies heavily on the character development of the ensemble.^[9] The genre also requires continuous expansion of the cast as the series progresses, with soap operas such as General Hospital, Days of Our Lives, The Young and The Restless, and The Bold and the Beautiful staying on air for decades.^[10]

An example of a success for television in ensemble casting is the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones. The fantasy series features one of the largest ensemble casts on the small screen.^[11] The series is notorious for major character deaths, resulting in constant changes within the ensemble.^[12]

References

^ Random House: ensemble acting Linked 2013-07-17
^ Steven Withrow; Alexander Danner (2007). Character design for graphic novels. Focal Press/Rotovision. p. 112. ISBN 9780240809021. Archived from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
^ ^a ^b Mathijs, Ernest (March 1, 2011). "Referential acting and the ensemble cast". Screen. 52 (1): 89–96. doi:10.1093/screen/hjq063. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2020 – via academic.oup.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Ensemble Film, Postmodernity and Moral Mapping". www.screeningthepast.com. Archived from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
^ "Intolerance (1916)". www.filmsite.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
^ ^a ^b Silvey, Vivien (June 5, 2009). "Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives". FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts (8). Archived from the original on April 24, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2014 – via www.forumjournal.org.
^ Child, Ben (April 23, 2012). "Avengers Assemble disarms the critics". Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2016 – via www.theguardian.com.
^ "Joss Whedon talks in depth about the ensemble cast of 'The Avengers'". www.hypable.com. November 19, 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
^ Ford, Sam (15 September 2008). "View of Soap operas and the history of fan discussion | Transformative Works and Cultures". Transformative Works and Cultures. 1. doi:10.3983/twc.2008.042. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
^ "The Survival of Soap Opera (Part Two):The History and Legacy of Serialized Television". Henry Jenkins. Archived from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
^ Campbell, Scott (June 10, 2014). "David Cameron: 'I'm a Game of Thrones fan'". Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
^ Brereton, Adam (June 12, 2013). "The Game of Thrones: Nobody wins, everybody dies". ABC Religion & Ethics. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

[:0-1] Random House: ensemble acting Linked 2013-07-17

[2] Steven Withrow; Alexander Danner (2007). Character design for graphic novels. Focal Press/Rotovision. p. 112. ISBN 9780240809021. Archived from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2009-09-05.

[math-3] Mathijs, Ernest (March 1, 2011). "Referential acting and the ensemble cast". Screen. 52 (1): 89–96. doi:10.1093/screen/hjq063. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2020 – via academic.oup.com.

[smith-4] "Ensemble Film, Postmodernity and Moral Mapping". www.screeningthepast.com. Archived from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2020-06-15.

[5] "Intolerance (1916)". www.filmsite.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2020-06-15.

[silvey-6] Silvey, Vivien (June 5, 2009). "Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives". FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts (8). Archived from the original on April 24, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2014 – via www.forumjournal.org.

[7] Child, Ben (April 23, 2012). "Avengers Assemble disarms the critics". Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2016 – via www.theguardian.com.

[8] "Joss Whedon talks in depth about the ensemble cast of 'The Avengers'". www.hypable.com. November 19, 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2020-06-15.

[9] Ford, Sam (15 September 2008). "View of Soap operas and the history of fan discussion | Transformative Works and Cultures". Transformative Works and Cultures. 1. doi:10.3983/twc.2008.042. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

[10] "The Survival of Soap Opera (Part Two):The History and Legacy of Serialized Television". Henry Jenkins. Archived from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-06-15.

[11] Campbell, Scott (June 10, 2014). "David Cameron: 'I'm a Game of Thrones fan'". Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.

[12] Brereton, Adam (June 12, 2013). "The Game of Thrones: Nobody wins, everybody dies". ABC Religion & Ethics. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Principal actors and performers}}
-In a dramatic production, an '''ensemble cast''' is one that is composed of multiple principal actors and [[performing arts|performers]] who are typically assigned roughly equal amounts of screen time.<ref name=":0">Random House: ensemble acting Linked 2013-07-17</ref> The term is also used interchangeably to refer to a production (typically film) with a large cast or a cast with several prominent performers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ik9sleNg10kC&pg=PA112|title=Character design for graphic novels|author=Steven Withrow|author2=Alexander Danner|year=2007|publisher=[[Focal Press]]/Rotovision|page=112|access-date=2009-09-05|isbn=9780240809021}}</ref>
+In a dramatic production, an '''ensemble cast''' is one that is composed of multiple principal actors and [[performing arts|performers]] who are typically assigned roughly equal amounts of screen time.<ref name=":0">Random House: ensemble acting Linked 2013-07-17</ref> The term is also used interchangeably to refer to a production (typically film) with a large cast or a cast with several prominent performers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ik9sleNg10kC&pg=PA112|title=Character design for graphic novels|author=Steven Withrow|author2=Alexander Danner|year=2007|publisher=[[Focal Press]]/Rotovision|page=112|access-date=2009-09-05|isbn=9780240809021|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421104220/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ik9sleNg10kC&pg=PA112|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Structure==
-In contrast to the popular model, which gives precedence to a sole [[protagonist]], an ensemble cast leans more towards a sense of "collectivity and community".<ref name=math>{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/screen/article/52/1/89/1668892|title=Referential acting and the ensemble cast|first=Ernest|last=Mathijs|date=March 1, 2011|journal=Screen|volume=52|issue=1|pages=89–96|via=academic.oup.com|doi=10.1093/screen/hjq063}}</ref>
+In contrast to the popular model, which gives precedence to a sole [[protagonist]], an ensemble cast leans more towards a sense of "collectivity and community".<ref name=math>{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/screen/article/52/1/89/1668892|title=Referential acting and the ensemble cast|first=Ernest|last=Mathijs|date=March 1, 2011|journal=Screen|volume=52|issue=1|pages=89–96|via=academic.oup.com|doi=10.1093/screen/hjq063|access-date=June 15, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308070844/https://academic.oup.com/screen/article/52/1/89/1668892|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Cinema===
-Ensemble casts in film were introduced as early as September 1916, with [[D. W. Griffith]]'s silent [[epic film]] ''[[Intolerance (film)|Intolerance]]'', featuring four separate though parallel plots.<ref name="smith">{{Cite web|url=http://www.screeningthepast.com/2012/12/ensemble-film-postmodernity-and-moral-mapping/|title=Ensemble Film, Postmodernity and Moral Mapping|website=www.screeningthepast.com}}</ref> The film follows the lives of several characters over hundreds of years, across different cultures and time periods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmsite.org/into.html|title=Intolerance (1916)|website=www.filmsite.org}}</ref> The unification of different plot lines and character arcs is a key characteristic of ensemble casting in film; whether it's a location, event, or an overarching theme that ties the film and characters together.<ref name="smith" />
+Ensemble casts in film were introduced as early as September 1916, with [[D. W. Griffith]]'s silent [[epic film]] ''[[Intolerance (film)|Intolerance]]'', featuring four separate though parallel plots.<ref name="smith">{{Cite web|url=http://www.screeningthepast.com/2012/12/ensemble-film-postmodernity-and-moral-mapping/|title=Ensemble Film, Postmodernity and Moral Mapping|website=www.screeningthepast.com|access-date=2020-06-15|archive-date=2018-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813111714/http://www.screeningthepast.com/2012/12/ensemble-film-postmodernity-and-moral-mapping/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film follows the lives of several characters over hundreds of years, across different cultures and time periods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmsite.org/into.html|title=Intolerance (1916)|website=www.filmsite.org|access-date=2020-06-15|archive-date=2019-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029174158/https://www.filmsite.org/into.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The unification of different plot lines and character arcs is a key characteristic of ensemble casting in film; whether it's a location, event, or an overarching theme that ties the film and characters together.<ref name="smith" />
-Films that feature ensembles tend to emphasize the interconnectivity of the characters, even when the characters are strangers to one another.<ref name="silvey">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.forumjournal.org/article/view/621|title=Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives|first=Vivien|last=Silvey|date=June 5, 2009|journal=FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts|issue=8|via=www.forumjournal.org}}</ref> The interconnectivity is often shown to the audience through examples of the "[[six degrees of separation]]" theory, and allows them to navigate through plot lines using [[cognitive mapping]].<ref name="silvey" /> Examples of this method, where the six degrees of separation is evident in films with an ensemble cast, are in productions such as ''[[Love Actually]],'' ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'', and ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'', which all have strong underlying themes interwoven within the plots that unify each film.<ref name="smith" />
+Films that feature ensembles tend to emphasize the interconnectivity of the characters, even when the characters are strangers to one another.<ref name="silvey">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.forumjournal.org/article/view/621|title=Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives|first=Vivien|last=Silvey|date=June 5, 2009|journal=FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts|issue=8|via=www.forumjournal.org|access-date=June 25, 2014|archive-date=April 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424225721/http://www.forumjournal.org/article/view/621|url-status=live}}</ref> The interconnectivity is often shown to the audience through examples of the "[[six degrees of separation]]" theory, and allows them to navigate through plot lines using [[cognitive mapping]].<ref name="silvey" /> Examples of this method, where the six degrees of separation is evident in films with an ensemble cast, are in productions such as ''[[Love Actually]],'' ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'', and ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'', which all have strong underlying themes interwoven within the plots that unify each film.<ref name="smith" />
-''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[X-Men (2000 film)|X-Men]]'', and ''[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]'' are three examples of ensemble casts in the [[superhero film|superhero]] genre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/apr/23/avengers-assemble-disarms-critics-joss-whedon|title=Avengers Assemble disarms the critics|first=Ben|last=Child|date=April 23, 2012|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> In ''The Avengers'', there is no need for a single central protagonist as each character shares equal importance in the narrative, successfully balancing the ensemble cast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hypable.com/2011/11/19/joss-whedon-talks-in-depth-about-the-ensemble-cast-of-the-avengers |title= Joss Whedon talks in depth about the ensemble cast of 'The Avengers' |date=November 19, 2011 |website= www.hypable.com|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref> Referential acting is a key factor in executing this balance, as ensemble cast members "play off each other rather than off reality".<ref name="math" />
+''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[X-Men (2000 film)|X-Men]]'', and ''[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]'' are three examples of ensemble casts in the [[superhero film|superhero]] genre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/apr/23/avengers-assemble-disarms-critics-joss-whedon|title=Avengers Assemble disarms the critics|first=Ben|last=Child|date=April 23, 2012|via=www.theguardian.com|access-date=December 19, 2016|archive-date=November 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111003021/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/apr/23/avengers-assemble-disarms-critics-joss-whedon|url-status=live}}</ref> In ''The Avengers'', there is no need for a single central protagonist as each character shares equal importance in the narrative, successfully balancing the ensemble cast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hypable.com/2011/11/19/joss-whedon-talks-in-depth-about-the-ensemble-cast-of-the-avengers |title=Joss Whedon talks in depth about the ensemble cast of 'The Avengers' |date=November 19, 2011 |website=www.hypable.com |access-date=2020-06-15 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528162613/http://www.hypable.com/joss-whedon-talks-in-depth-about-the-ensemble-cast-of-the-avengers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Referential acting is a key factor in executing this balance, as ensemble cast members "play off each other rather than off reality".<ref name="math" />
 Hollywood movies with ensemble casts tend to use numerous actors of high renown and/or prestige, instead of one or two "big stars" and a lesser-known supporting cast.{{cn|date=September 2021}}
 ===Television ===
-Ensemble casting also became more popular in [[television program|television series]] because it allows flexibility for writers to focus on different characters in different episodes. In addition, the departure of players is less disruptive than would be the case with a regularly structured cast. The television series ''[[The Golden Girls]]'' and ''[[Friends]]'' are archetypal examples of ensemble casts in American sitcoms. The science-fiction mystery drama ''[[Lost (TV Series)|Lost]]'' features an ensemble cast. Ensemble casts of 20 or more actors are common in [[soap opera]]s, a genre that relies heavily on the character development of the ensemble.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/42/50|title=View of Soap operas and the history of fan discussion &#124; Transformative Works and Cultures|journal=Transformative Works and Cultures|date=15 September 2008|volume=1|doi=10.3983/twc.2008.042|last1=Ford|first1=Sam|doi-access=free}}</ref> The genre also requires continuous expansion of the cast as the series progresses, with soap operas such as ''[[General Hospital]]'', ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'', [[The Young and The Restless]], and ''[[The Bold and the Beautiful]]'' staying on air for decades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2010/12/the_survival_of_soap_opera_par_1.html|title=The Survival of Soap Opera (Part Two):The History and Legacy of Serialized Television|website=Henry Jenkins}}</ref>
+Ensemble casting also became more popular in [[television program|television series]] because it allows flexibility for writers to focus on different characters in different episodes. In addition, the departure of players is less disruptive than would be the case with a regularly structured cast. The television series ''[[The Golden Girls]]'' and ''[[Friends]]'' are archetypal examples of ensemble casts in American sitcoms. The science-fiction mystery drama ''[[Lost (TV Series)|Lost]]'' features an ensemble cast. Ensemble casts of 20 or more actors are common in [[soap opera]]s, a genre that relies heavily on the character development of the ensemble.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/42/50|title=View of Soap operas and the history of fan discussion &#124; Transformative Works and Cultures|journal=Transformative Works and Cultures|date=15 September 2008|volume=1|doi=10.3983/twc.2008.042|last1=Ford|first1=Sam|doi-access=free|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209032422/https://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/42/50|url-status=live}}</ref> The genre also requires continuous expansion of the cast as the series progresses, with soap operas such as ''[[General Hospital]]'', ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'', [[The Young and The Restless]], and ''[[The Bold and the Beautiful]]'' staying on air for decades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2010/12/the_survival_of_soap_opera_par_1.html|title=The Survival of Soap Opera (Part Two):The History and Legacy of Serialized Television|website=Henry Jenkins|access-date=2020-06-15|archive-date=2021-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830193955/http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2010/12/the_survival_of_soap_opera_par_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-An example of a success for television in ensemble casting is the [[Primetime Emmy Award|Emmy Award]]-winning [[HBO]] series ''[[Game of Thrones]]''. The fantasy series features one of the largest ensemble casts on the small screen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/10888519/David-Cameron-Im-a-Game-of-Thrones-fan.html|title=David Cameron: 'I'm a Game of Thrones fan'|first=Scott|last=Campbell|date=June 10, 2014|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> The series is notorious for major character deaths, resulting in constant changes within the ensemble.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/religion/the-game-of-thrones-nobody-wins-everybody-dies/10099808|title=The Game of Thrones: Nobody wins, everybody dies|first=Adam|last=Brereton|date=June 12, 2013|website=ABC Religion & Ethics}}</ref>
+An example of a success for television in ensemble casting is the [[Primetime Emmy Award|Emmy Award]]-winning [[HBO]] series ''[[Game of Thrones]]''. The fantasy series features one of the largest ensemble casts on the small screen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/10888519/David-Cameron-Im-a-Game-of-Thrones-fan.html|title=David Cameron: 'I'm a Game of Thrones fan'|first=Scott|last=Campbell|date=June 10, 2014|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507083112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/10888519/David-Cameron-Im-a-Game-of-Thrones-fan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The series is notorious for major character deaths, resulting in constant changes within the ensemble.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/religion/the-game-of-thrones-nobody-wins-everybody-dies/10099808|title=The Game of Thrones: Nobody wins, everybody dies|first=Adam|last=Brereton|date=June 12, 2013|website=ABC Religion & Ethics|access-date=June 15, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111231932/https://www.abc.net.au/religion/the-game-of-thrones-nobody-wins-everybody-dies/10099808|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==See also==