Darryl B. Hood

Darryl B. Hood is known for being an environmental neuroscientist at Ohio State University and the author of Multigenerational Effects of Inhaled B(a)P on Development. Hood led the most successful Minority S11 NIEHS-sponsored initiative, known as Advanced Research Cooperation in Environmental Health (ARCH) Program. Additionally, Dr. Hood is currently a Dean's Fellow in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion research . He has also done work included in several articles on recalibrating reference concentrations for inhaled B(a)P exposures in reproductive and neurotoxicity. As a co-architect, Darryl B. Hood has continued to work at Ohio State University on the Public Health Exposome.

Education

Darryl B. Hood graduated with a bachelor's science degree in biology and chemistry from Johnson C. Smith University and received his Ph.D. from East Tennessee State University in 1990. Soon after, Dr. Hood began research and served as a member of the faculty at Meharry Medical College. Hood completed his postdoctoral studies at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine at the Center in Molecular Toxicology.

Teaching/Experiences

Dr. Hood has been a professor and entrepreneur at Meharry Medical College since March 1994. In the early 2000s, he began to serve as the President of the Minority Professional Consortium for Environmental Impacted Communities, LLC in Tennessee. In 2013 Dr. Hood became a Tenured Associate Professor and Entrepreneur at Ohio State University. Then, in August of 2021, he became a Professor and Deans Fellow for the Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health. Dr. Darryl B. Hood has also served on the US EPA Exposure and Human Health Subcommittee of the Science Advisory board for six years following 2010.

Ohio State University is where Dr. Hood conducts most of his work.

Research

Darryl B. Hood has been a part of 93 publications, ranging from an ExWAS approach to Latino cancer disparities to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their implications for developmental, molecular, and behavioral neurotoxicology

• Inhalation Toxicology (prenatal exposure models autism)
• Developmental Neurobiology (somatosensory sortex)
• Behavioral Neurobiology (development of structure-specific paradigms)
• Environmental and Biochemical Toxicology (Nitroxides and PAH's)
• Dispersion modeling of PAH's in environmental justice communities
• Structural Biology
• Protein Structure and Function
• Environmental-exposure health assessment questionnaire development
• Modeling exposures across lifetime using public exposome approach
• Cardio-metabolic diseases
• These topics are some of his current areas of study

Neurotoxicology

Darryl B. Hood's work in the research of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as benzo(a)pyrene, has shown that utero exposure to B(a)P results in a diminished expression of specific NMDA receptor subunits that manifest their effects later in life, being shown as deficits in neuronal activity in the offspring. Hood and his fellow researchers' work and testing led to the conclusion that exposure to B(a)P in utero at the time of synapse formation will express a strong negative effect on brain function and will produce defects in activity and experience-dependent gene expression, leading to lower mental developmental index scores and intelligence quotients.

Behavioral

Darryl B. Hood has contributed to the field of behavioral neuroscience through his research on the effects that benzo(a)pyrene has had on glutamatergic signaling, thus affecting behavioral processes.

In the article "Prenatal Exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene Impairs Later-Life Cortical Neuronal Function", Hood discusses the expression of glutamate receptor subunits and the role that this plays in cortical responses. Along with his fellow researchers, Hood discovered that exposure to B(a)P throughout development can impact cortical function through modulation of glutamatergic receptor subunit expression within the somatosensory cortex. In order to evaluate this, Hood studied how mRNA is expressed in both a control group and a group exposed to B(a)P for NR2B, which is a glutamatergic NMDA receptor subunit.

In the article "PAH Particles Perturb Prenatal Processes and Phenotypes: Protection from Deficits in Object Discrimination Afforded by Dampening of Brain Oxidoreductase Following In Utero Exposure to Inhaled Benzo(a)pyrene", Hood used the wild-type (WT) cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Cpr) mouse to evaluate glutamatergic signaling and NMDA receptor function. He successfully demonstrated that the harm done by exposure to B(a)P in early cortical development results in lasting phenotypic changes in Cpr mouse models. In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there was a statistically significant increase in basal level concentrations of glutamate for the B(a)P-exposed Cpr mice. The results of this data coincides with previous results suggesting an impact on currents coming inward through the NMDA receptor when glutamate levels are elevated.

Environmental

Darryl B. Hood also took part in many environmental and socially-based studies, such as The Effects of Social, Personal, and Behavioral Risk Factors and PM2.% on Cardio-Metabolic Disparities in a Cohort of Community Health Center Patients. The results of this experiment indicated that race, as a risk factor for disease, and as a way to elaborate on the patterning of CMD, should not be considered as "biological programming". The study indefinitely connected the disparities amongst highly impoverished areas to be an important factor in regard to health outcomes. The publication called for additional studies that examine racial health disparities within different SES, social-economic status, and subgroups, particularly with these groups being in different geographical areas.

In another study, Dr. Hood participated in applying Citizen Science Risk Communication Tools in a Vulnerable Urban Community. This study created a portal that included a few categories for the local community called a public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS). This was used to communicate with citizens about potential or current environmental risks due to the industries in their communities. Participants were to be informed by a card about the results of their residential soils so they could be more vocal and aware of their health. This study explored five social determinants of health: economic stability, education, health/healthcare, neighborhood, social, and community.They did this by creating a campaign which is known as The Healthy People 2020.

Public Health

In 2020, Hood conducted research on the risk factors surrounding Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs). This included: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, chronic renal failure, and diabetes. In the United States, CMDs have become one of the leading causes of death for men and women. All of the diseases within this group share common risk factors and shared, external environmental factors. One of the things which set Dr. Hood’s research apart was his focus on chemical toxicants. Chemical toxicants are chemicals that can be harmful to animal or plant populations. They are typically defined by their particulate matter (PM) size, consisting of 10, 2.5, and ultrafine. PM2.5 was a focus area in Hood’s research. Other examples include diesel, NO2, CO, and O3. Participants were asked to report clinical, environmental, and personal risk factors to fulfill study goals. Also, PM2.5 concentration was measured in the areas where each patient resided for 12 months. Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) was utilized to perform a statistical analysis of the analyzed data. This allowed researchers to estimate the relationship between CMD risk and social-demographic characteristics, risk factors, and exposure levels of PM2. After data analysis, there were 4 main data findings.

Finding 1: An increase in PM2.5 concentration levels was associated with CMD.

Finding 2: Race had no impact on the risk factors associated with CMD.

Finding 3: Geographic location had an impact on the variation of CMD risk

Finding 4: The following risk factors could also be utilized to predict CMD occurrence: environmental, clinical, social, and personal.

The relationship between race and risk factors was also examined, but it was not a statistically significant factor of CMD risk among populations. Areas with low socioeconomic status were more susceptible to being within a “riskscape”. After establishing the purpose of the riskcape, Hood continued to establish the “exposure framework”. This was utilized to see how 25,000 biological and personal factors impacted CMD throughout communities. Hood predicts it will address health disparities through multiple populations.

Concluding Remarks

The Associate Professor teaches many things and has accomplished many years of experience. He completed a 4-year postdoc, conducted research, and much more. He focuses primarily on his NIH-funded study. Neurotoxicology is one of his main focuses, emphasizing environmental public health. Dr. Darryl B Hood also serves on the scholar's direct board. This journal is a fast-track option to ensure your journal gets available within three weeks online.

Impact on Comparative Developmental Biology

Darryl B. Hood's work has shown the harmful effects of benzo(a)pyrene regarding glutamatergic signaling regulation. His work gave new profound information to the field of Environmental Health Sciences about postal brain development in the environment.

Darryl B. Hood encompasses policy-related experience that directly relates to his research. He advocates for policy change.