Outline of tropical cyclones: Difference between revisions

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to tropical cyclones:

Tropical cyclones, storm systems characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Tropical cyclones develop or strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air. They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such as nor'easters, European windstorms, and polar lows. The characteristic that separates tropical cyclones from other cyclonic systems is that at any height in the atmosphere, the center of a tropical cyclone will be warmer than its surroundings; a phenomenon called "warm core" storm systems.

Nature of tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclones can be described as all of the following:

Storm – disturbed state of an environment or astronomical body's atmosphere especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather. It may be marked by significant disruptions to normal conditions such as strong wind, hail, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation (snowstorm, rainstorm), heavy freezing rain (ice storm), strong winds (tropical cyclone, windstorm), or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere such as sand or debris.
Natural disaster – major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover.

Types of tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclone observations

Saffir–Simpson scale, 1-minute maximum sustained winds
Category	m/s	knots	mph	km/h
5	≥ 70	≥ 137	≥ 157	≥ 252
4	58–70	113–136	130–156	209–251
3	50–58	96–112	111–129	178–208
2	43–49	83–95	96–110	154–177
1	33–42	64–82	74–95	119–153
TS	18–32	34–63	39–73	63–118
TD	≤ 17	≤ 33	≤ 38	≤ 62

Tropical cyclone scales –
- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale –
- Accumulated cyclone energy –
- Hurricane Severity Index –
- Chicago Mercantile Exchange Hurricane Index –
- Dvorak technique –
Tropical cyclone naming –
- History of tropical cyclone naming –

Forecasting

Tropical Cyclone Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre –
- National Hurricane Center –
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center –
- Japan Meteorological Agency –
- China Meteorological Administration –
- The Japan Meteorological Agency –
- The India Meteorological Department –
- Météo-France –
- Fiji Meteorological Service –
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre –
Other forecasting agencies –
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert –
Tropical cyclone forecast model –
Tropical cyclone forecasting –
Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting –
Tropical cyclone track forecasting –
Tropical cyclone warnings and watches –

Tropical cyclone history

Tropical cyclone seasons

Specific tropical cyclones

References

External links

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres

US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
Central Pacific Hurricane Center Archived 2011-09-23 at the Wayback Machine – Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

Indonesian Meteorological Department – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 125°E, north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane). – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, south of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ** [[National Hurricane Center]] &ndash;
 ** [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] &ndash;
-** [[Canadian Hurricane Centre]] &ndash;
 ** [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] &ndash;
 ** [[China Meteorological Administration]] &ndash;
-** [[Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center]] &ndash;
-** [[Hong Kong Observatory]] &ndash;
-** [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] &ndash;
-** [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] &ndash;
 ** The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] &ndash;
 ** The [[India Meteorological Department]] &ndash;
 ** [[Météo-France]] &ndash;
+** [[Fiji Meteorological Service]] &ndash;
+* Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre &ndash;
 ** [[Bureau of Meteorology]] &ndash;
 ** [[Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency]] &ndash;
-** [[Fiji Meteorological Service]] &ndash;
 ** [[Meteorological Service of New Zealand]] &ndash;
+* Other forecasting agencies &ndash;
+** [[Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center]] &ndash;
+** [[Canadian Hurricane Centre]] &ndash;
+** [[Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center]] &ndash;
+** [[Hong Kong Observatory]] &ndash;
+** [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] &ndash;
+** [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] &ndash;
 *[[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] &ndash;
 *[[Tropical cyclone forecast model]] &ndash;