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The Nayak, or Naik is a historic Indian title conferred on military generals and governors of feudal states in the Middle Ages. Today it is also a surname. Nayaks are mostly Hindu and few Sikhs, who follow Hinduism and Sikhism respectively.

As a title

Today, the surname Nayak is used by various castes and ethnic groups across India. Mostly they belong from forward class and mainly follows Sikhism and Hinduism.^[1]

Nayak, or Naik is a title used by Koli caste of Maharashtra. The Princely State of Jawhar was founded by a Koli Nayak Jayaba Mukne around 1300.^[2] The Maval region was known as Koli country of fifty two valleys in Maratha Empire. Each valley was controlled by a Koli Nayak and the Sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council.^[3] the Fort of Sinhagad was built and ruled by Koli chief Nag Nayak who resisted the Mughal Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq for eight months.^[4] the Kolis of Maharashtra revolted against Mughal ruler Aurangzeb under their Koli chief Khemirao Sirnaik and in 1769, Kolis revolted against Peshwa of Maratha Empire under their Koli Naik Javji Bamble and broken the peace of Konkan and in 1798, Kolis challenged the British government under their Koli Naik Ramji Naik Bhangria who was father of freedom fighters Bapuji Bhangare and Raghoji Bhangare.^[5]

In Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu, other versions of the surnames exists such as Naidu. Used by people belonging to Kapu, Kamma, Telaga and Balija. In the north of Tamil Nadu, the title Naicker and Nayagar are used by the Tamil speaking Vanniyars while in the south of Tamil Nadu, the Telugu castes such as Balija, Kamma and the Gollas use the Naicker title.^[6] Also in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana the Naik surname is adopted as a surname by several communities including Bedar.^[7]
The Muslim Siddis of Karnataka, use the surname Nayaka which they received as a title from the kings of Bijapur.^[8]
In Karnataka it is used by some subcastes of the Vokkaliga, Namadhari Naik communities.^[9]^[10]^[11]
In Maharashtra the surname Nayak and Naik is used by Kshatriya Marathas, CKPs, Saraswat Brahmin and Deshastha Brahmin communities.^[12]
In Tamil Nadu, members of the Vanniyar caste are found in the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kanchipuram, and Chengalpattu. They use the Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.^[13] Also in Tamil Nadu, members of the Jakkama clan use Nayakkar, Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.^[14]

References

^ Kumar Suresh Singh (2002). People of India: Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-564444-9.
^ Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. pp. 103: the state of Jawhar, below the mountains in the Konkan, was founded by a Koli nayak around 1300. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Hardiman, David; Hardiman, Professor of History David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals, or '52 valleys ' in Maratha Empire . Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief, or nayak . The sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Sharma, Himanshu (5 November 2019). Veer Tanhaji Malusare. New Delhi, India: Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5296-955-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 333. ISBN 978-81-206-0488-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ A. Vijay Kumari (1998). Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M D Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-81-7533-072-6.
^ Kumar Suresh Singh (1993). Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change. Concept Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN 978-81-7022-471-6.
^ Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 226. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.
^ "The Mysore Tribes and Castles".
^ L. K. A. Iyer (2005). The Mysore Tribes and Castes. Vol. 3. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 270. Gauda and Naika are the titles affixed to their names , and the common honorific suffixes Appa and Ayya for males and Avva and Akka for females are also in use
^ B. N. Sri Sathyan, ed. (1975). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Shimoga (PDF). Karnataka (India): Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 102. Some Vokkaliga families also have surnames like Nayak and Heggade in this district.
^ Anupama Rao (2009). The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-520-25761-0.
^ A N Sattanathan (1975). Report of the Backward Classes Commission. Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 86.
^ Chockalingam Joe Arun (2007). Constructing Dalit Identity. p. 43. ISBN 978-81-316-0081-8.

[1] Kumar Suresh Singh (2002). People of India: Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-564444-9.

[2] Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. pp. 103: the state of Jawhar, below the mountains in the Konkan, was founded by a Koli nayak around 1300. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[3] Hardiman, David; Hardiman, Professor of History David (1996). Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals, or '52 valleys ' in Maratha Empire . Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief, or nayak . The sirnayak, or head chief, lived at Junnar, and presided over the gotarni, or caste council. ISBN 978-0-19-563956-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[4] Sharma, Himanshu (5 November 2019). Veer Tanhaji Malusare. New Delhi, India: Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-5296-955-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[5] Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 333. ISBN 978-81-206-0488-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[6] A. Vijay Kumari (1998). Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M D Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-81-7533-072-6.

[7] Kumar Suresh Singh (1993). Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change. Concept Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN 978-81-7022-471-6.

[8] Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 226. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.

[9] "The Mysore Tribes and Castles".

[10] L. K. A. Iyer (2005). The Mysore Tribes and Castes. Vol. 3. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 270. Gauda and Naika are the titles affixed to their names , and the common honorific suffixes Appa and Ayya for males and Avva and Akka for females are also in use

[11] B. N. Sri Sathyan, ed. (1975). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Shimoga (PDF). Karnataka (India): Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. p. 102. Some Vokkaliga families also have surnames like Nayak and Heggade in this district.

[12] Anupama Rao (2009). The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-520-25761-0.

[13] A N Sattanathan (1975). Report of the Backward Classes Commission. Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 86.

[14] Chockalingam Joe Arun (2007). Constructing Dalit Identity. p. 43. ISBN 978-81-316-0081-8.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Distinguish|text=[[Nayak (caste)]]}}
-{{Short description|Surname}}
+{{Short description|Honorific Title}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == As a title ==
-Today, the surname ''Nayak'' is used by various [[Indian castes|castes]] and [[Indian ethnic groups|ethnic groups]] across India. Nayak Surname used by Leaders in perticuler  Gor Banjara Community. and also  Mostly they belong from [[forward class]] and mainly follows [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=People of India: Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHL_bToO9oEC|page=54|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-564444-9}}</ref>
+Today, the surname ''Nayak'' is used by various [[Indian castes|castes]] and [[Indian ethnic groups|ethnic groups]] across India. Mostly they belong from [[forward class]] and mainly follows [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=People of India: Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHL_bToO9oEC|page=54|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-564444-9}}</ref>
 * '''Nayak''', or '''Naik''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Jawhar State|Jawhar]] was founded by a [[Koliya|Koli]] Nayak [[Jayaba Mukne]] around 1300.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=103: the state of [[Jawhar]], below the mountains in the [[Konkan]], was founded by a Koli nayak around 1300 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Maval]] region was known as  [[Maratha occupation of Kolistan (1672)|Koli country]] of fifty two [[Valley|valleys]] in [[Maratha Empire]]. Each valley was controlled by a [[List of Koli states and clans|Koli]] Nayak and the Sirnayak, or head chief, lived at [[Junnar taluka|Junnar]], and presided over the [[Gotra|gotarni]], or caste council.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals , or '52 valleys ' in Maratha Empire . Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief , or nayak . The sirnayak , or head chief , lived at Junnar , and presided over the gotarni , or caste council |language=en}}</ref> the [[Forts in India|Fort]] of [[Sinhagad]] was built and ruled by [[Koli people|Koli]] chief [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who resisted the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] for eight months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Himanshu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAa9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nayak+Koli&pg=PT23 |title=Veer Tanhaji Malusare |date=2019-11-05 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-5296-955-5 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis of Maharashtra revolted against Mughal ruler [[Aurangzeb]] under their Koli chief [[Khemirao Sarnaik|Khemirao Sirnaik]] and in 1769, Kolis revolted against Peshwa of [[Maratha Empire]] under their Koli Naik [[Javji Bamble]] and broken the peace of Konkan and in 1798, Kolis challenged the [[British Raj|British government]] under their Koli Naik Ramji Naik Bhangria who was father of freedom fighters [[Bapuji Bhangare]] and [[Raghoji Bhangare]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Naik&pg=PA333 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 * In Maharashtra the surname  Nayak and Naik is used by [[Kshatriya]] [[Maratha]]s, [[CKP]]s, [[Saraswat Brahmin]] and [[Deshastha Brahmin]] communities.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7IwDwAAQBAJ|publisher=University of California Press|year=2009|author=Anupama Rao|page=315|isbn=978-0-520-25761-0}}</ref>
 * In Tamil Nadu, members of the [[Vanniyar]] caste are found in the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kanchipuram, and Chengalpattu. They use the Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmVDAAAAYAAJ&q=vanniya+kula+kshathriya+naicker|title=Report of the Backward Classes Commission|author=A N Sattanathan|year=1975|page=86|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> Also in Tamil Nadu, members of the Jakkama clan use Nayakkar, Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0JuAAAAMAAJ&q=vanniyar+nayagar|title=Constructing Dalit Identity|author=Chockalingam Joe Arun|year=2007|page=43|isbn=978-81-316-0081-8}}</ref>
-* In UP, Gujrat, Telngana and Maharashtra the surname  Nayak and Naik is used by Gor Banjara Community. and He well known in specially U.P. as a Nayak Community.
 == See also ==