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==Political career==
==Political career==
Amoussou was born in [[Djakotomey]] in south-western Benin. In the [[1991 Beninese presidential election|1991 presidential election]], he received 5.8% of the vote and fourth place, therefore failing to qualify for the second round.<ref name="Elections">{{Cite web|title=Elections in Benin|url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/bj.html|access-date=2023-02-18|website=africanelections.tripod.com}}</ref> Following the [[1995 Beninese parliamentary election|March 1995 parliamentary election]], he was elected as President of the National Assembly on 12 June 1995.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-5xAAAAMAAJ&q=Bruno+Amoussou+1991|title=Africa Review|date=1997|publisher=World of Information|isbn=978-0-904439-93-9|language=en}}</ref> During his political career, his support was locally concentrated in his native southwest, but it was sufficient to enable him to be a consistent player on the political scene during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref name=Seely>Jennifer C. Seely, ''The Legacies of Transition Governments in Africa: the Cases of Benin and Togo'' (2009), Palgrave Macmillan, page 158.</ref> He placed fourth in the [[1996 Beninese presidential election|March 1996 presidential election]] with 7.8% of the vote;<ref name="Elections"/> along with third-place finisher Houngbédji, Amoussou backed Kérékou against President [[Nicéphore Soglo]] for the second round of the election, and Kérékou was victorious.<ref>Samuel Decalo, "Benin: First of the New Democracies", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), page 61, note 21.</ref>
Amoussou was born in [[Djakotomey]] in south-western Benin. In the [[1991 Beninese presidential election|1991 presidential election]], he received 5.8% of the vote and fourth place, therefore failing to qualify for the second round.<ref name="Elections">{{Cite web|title=Elections in Benin|publisher=African Elections Database|url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/bj.html|access-date=2023-02-18|website=africanelections.tripod.com}}</ref> Following the [[1995 Beninese parliamentary election|March 1995 parliamentary election]], he was elected as President of the National Assembly on 12 June 1995.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-5xAAAAMAAJ&q=Bruno+Amoussou+1991|title=Africa Review|date=1997|publisher=World of Information|isbn=978-0-904439-93-9|language=en}}</ref> During his political career, his support was locally concentrated in his native southwest, but it was sufficient to enable him to be a consistent player on the political scene during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref name=Seely>Jennifer C. Seely, ''The Legacies of Transition Governments in Africa: the Cases of Benin and Togo'' (2009), Palgrave Macmillan, page 158.</ref> He placed fourth in the [[1996 Beninese presidential election|March 1996 presidential election]] with 7.8% of the vote;<ref name="Elections"/> along with third-place finisher Houngbédji, Amoussou backed Kérékou against President [[Nicéphore Soglo]] for the second round of the election, and Kérékou was victorious.<ref>Samuel Decalo, "Benin: First of the New Democracies", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), page 61, note 21.</ref>


Amoussou was re-elected to the National Assembly in the [[1999 Beninese parliamentary election|March 1999 parliamentary election]],<ref>[http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/med/jo/jo10/infocc.htm Results of the 1999 parliamentary election] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306144935/http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/med/jo/jo10/infocc.htm |date=6 March 2005 }}, bj.refer.org {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> but on 29 April 1999, he was defeated in his bid for re-election as President of the National Assembly by [[Adrien Houngbédji]] in a parliamentary vote, despite being the favored candidate of Kérékou for the position. Amoussou received 38 votes against 45 for Houngbédji.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9342391 Benin, Year in Review: 1999], Britannica.com.</ref> Under Kérékou, Amoussou was appointed as Minister of Development and Planning in 1999.<ref name=Seely/> The PSD held its first ordinary congress in early 2000, and Amoussou was elected as the party's president.<ref>"Benin: Social Democratic Party congress ends, new leaders elected", Radio Benin, 1 February 2000.</ref>
Amoussou was re-elected to the National Assembly in the [[1999 Beninese parliamentary election|March 1999 parliamentary election]],<ref>[http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/med/jo/jo10/infocc.htm Results of the 1999 parliamentary election] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306144935/http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/med/jo/jo10/infocc.htm |date=6 March 2005 }}, bj.refer.org {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> but on 29 April 1999, he was defeated in his bid for re-election as President of the National Assembly by [[Adrien Houngbédji]] in a parliamentary vote, despite being the favored candidate of Kérékou for the position. Amoussou received 38 votes against 45 for Houngbédji.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9342391 Benin, Year in Review: 1999], Britannica.com.</ref> Under Kérékou, Amoussou was appointed as Minister of Development and Planning in 1999.<ref name=Seely/> The PSD held its first ordinary congress in early 2000, and Amoussou was elected as the party's president.<ref>"Benin: Social Democratic Party congress ends, new leaders elected", Radio Benin, 1 February 2000.</ref>
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Amoussou ran again in the [[2006 Beninese presidential election|March 2006 presidential election]], obtaining 16.29% of the vote and placing third.<ref name="Elections"/><ref>[https://archive.today/20120720222839/http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/view/10529 Angus Reid Global Monitor page on 2006 election].</ref> He supported [[Yayi Boni]] in the second round.<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=58477 "Rejecting appeal, government sets poll for 19 March"], IRIN, 18 March 2006.</ref>
Amoussou ran again in the [[2006 Beninese presidential election|March 2006 presidential election]], obtaining 16.29% of the vote and placing third.<ref name="Elections"/><ref>[https://archive.today/20120720222839/http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/view/10529 Angus Reid Global Monitor page on 2006 election].</ref> He supported [[Yayi Boni]] in the second round.<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=58477 "Rejecting appeal, government sets poll for 19 March"], IRIN, 18 March 2006.</ref>


In the [[2007 Beninese parliamentary election|March 2007 parliamentary election]], Amoussou and the PSD participated in the [[Alliance for Dynamism and Democracy|Alliance for a Dynamic Democracy]],<ref>Alain C. Assogba, "Conclave à Cotonou hier : L’Add passe à l’offensive (Elle veut constituer sa propre majorité)", ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 6 April 2007 {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.benininfo.com/060403.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011745/http://www.benininfo.com/060403.htm |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}</ref> and Amoussou was again elected to a seat.<ref>"Proclamation des résultats des élections législatives du 31 mars 2007", BeninInfo.com {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-09-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011728/http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}</ref> Afterwards he was again a candidate for President of the National Assembly, losing to [[Mathurin Nago]] of the [[Cauris Forces for an Emerging Benin]] in a vote on 3 May 2007. Amoussou received 34 votes, while Nago received 45.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accueil - Agence de Presse Africaine &#124; APAnews - Agence de Presse Africaine|url=https://fr.apanews.net/|access-date=2023-02-18|website=fr.apanews.net}}</ref><ref>"Election du bureau de l’Assemblée nationale : Comment Yayi Boni a gagné le perchoir", ''Le Matinal'', 4 May 2007 {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.africatime.com/Benin/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=324513&no_categorie= |title=BENIN |accessdate=2007-05-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063903/http://www.africatime.com/Benin/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=324513&no_categorie= |archivedate=28 September 2007 }}</ref>
In the [[2007 Beninese parliamentary election|March 2007 parliamentary election]], Amoussou and the PSD participated in the [[Alliance for Dynamism and Democracy|Alliance for a Dynamic Democracy]],<ref>Alain C. Assogba, "Conclave à Cotonou hier : L’Add passe à l’offensive (Elle veut constituer sa propre majorité)", ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 6 April 2007 {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.benininfo.com/060403.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-10-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011745/http://www.benininfo.com/060403.htm |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}</ref> and Amoussou was again elected to a seat.<ref>"Proclamation des résultats des élections législatives du 31 mars 2007", BeninInfo.com {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-09-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011728/http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}</ref> Afterwards he was again a candidate for President of the National Assembly, losing to [[Mathurin Nago]] of the [[Cauris Forces for an Emerging Benin]] in a vote on 3 May 2007. Amoussou received 34 votes, while Nago received 45.<ref>[http://apanews.net/article_eng.php3?id_article=32620 "Benin : Mathurin Nago elected Parliament speaker"]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, African Press Agency, 3 May 2007.</ref><ref>"Election du bureau de l’Assemblée nationale : Comment Yayi Boni a gagné le perchoir", ''Le Matinal'', 4 May 2007 {{in lang|fr}}. {{cite web |url=http://www.africatime.com/Benin/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=324513&no_categorie= |title=BENIN |accessdate=2007-05-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063903/http://www.africatime.com/Benin/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=324513&no_categorie= |archivedate=28 September 2007 }}</ref>


At the PSD's second ordinary congress in mid-2009, Amoussou was re-elected as PSD President.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le quotidien fraternité préféré des français !|url=https://www.fraternite-info.com/|access-date=2023-02-18|website=www.fraternite-info.com}}</ref> He was re-elected to the National Assembly in the [[2011 Beninese parliamentary election|March 2011 parliamentary election]].<ref>[http://www.sonangnon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2307:assemblee-nationale6eme-legislatureliste-complete-des-83-deputes-proclames-elus-par-la-cour&catid=1:actualite " Assemblée nationale/6ème législature:Liste complète des 83 députés proclamés élus par la Cour"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075455/http://www.sonangnon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2307:assemblee-nationale6eme-legislatureliste-complete-des-83-deputes-proclames-elus-par-la-cour&catid=1:actualite |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''Le Matinal'', 13 May 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
At the PSD's second ordinary congress in mid-2009, Amoussou was re-elected as PSD President.<ref>Sulpice O. Gbaguidi, [http://www.fraternite-info.com/spip.php?article4299 "L’inoxydable Amoussou"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711023526/http://www.fraternite-info.com/spip.php?article4299 |date=11 July 2011 }}, fraternite-info.com, 10 August 2009 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> He was re-elected to the National Assembly in the [[2011 Beninese parliamentary election|March 2011 parliamentary election]].<ref>[http://www.sonangnon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2307:assemblee-nationale6eme-legislatureliste-complete-des-83-deputes-proclames-elus-par-la-cour&catid=1:actualite " Assemblée nationale/6ème législature:Liste complète des 83 députés proclamés élus par la Cour"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075455/http://www.sonangnon.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2307:assemblee-nationale6eme-legislatureliste-complete-des-83-deputes-proclames-elus-par-la-cour&catid=1:actualite |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''Le Matinal'', 13 May 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>


Amoussou resigned as PSD President on 22 January 2012.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120903150323/http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/index.php/actualite/annonce/9943-communique-du-psd-sur-la-demission-damoussou-bruno "Communiqué du Psd sur la démission d’Amoussou Bruno"], ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 26 January 2012 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> In the [[2015 Beninese parliamentary election|April 2015 parliamentary election]], he was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of the [[Union Makes the Nation]] coalition in the 11th constituency.<ref>Yao Hervé Kingbêwé, [http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/benin/23769-legislatives-liste-complete-des-83-deputes-selon-la-cena "Législatives : liste complète des 83 députés selon la CENA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617122550/http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/benin/23769-legislatives-liste-complete-des-83-deputes-selon-la-cena |date=17 June 2015 }}, ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 2 May 2015 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
Amoussou resigned as PSD President on 22 January 2012.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120903150323/http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/index.php/actualite/annonce/9943-communique-du-psd-sur-la-demission-damoussou-bruno "Communiqué du Psd sur la démission d’Amoussou Bruno"], ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 26 January 2012 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> In the [[2015 Beninese parliamentary election|April 2015 parliamentary election]], he was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of the [[Union Makes the Nation]] coalition in the 11th constituency.<ref>Yao Hervé Kingbêwé, [http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/benin/23769-legislatives-liste-complete-des-83-deputes-selon-la-cena "Législatives : liste complète des 83 députés selon la CENA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617122550/http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/benin/23769-legislatives-liste-complete-des-83-deputes-selon-la-cena |date=17 June 2015 }}, ''La Nouvelle Tribune'', 2 May 2015 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

Revision as of 15:33, 3 June 2023

Bruno Amoussou
Born2 July 1939 Edit this on Wikidata
Djakotomey Edit this on Wikidata
OccupationEngineer, politician Edit this on Wikidata
Political partySocial Democratic Party Edit this on Wikidata
Awards
  • Grand Officer of the National Order of Benin (1998) Edit this on Wikidata
Signature
Position heldDeputy Edit this on Wikidata

Bruno Ange-Marie Amoussou (born 2 July 1939) is a Beninese politician who was President of the National Assembly of Benin from 1995 to 1999[1] and Minister of State for Planning and Prospective Development under President Mathieu Kérékou from 1999 to 2005.[2] He is currently a Deputy in the National Assembly. As the long-time leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Amoussou stood as a presidential candidate in 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006.

Political career

Amoussou was born in Djakotomey in south-western Benin. In the 1991 presidential election, he received 5.8% of the vote and fourth place, therefore failing to qualify for the second round.[3] Following the March 1995 parliamentary election, he was elected as President of the National Assembly on 12 June 1995.[4] During his political career, his support was locally concentrated in his native southwest, but it was sufficient to enable him to be a consistent player on the political scene during the 1990s and 2000s.[5] He placed fourth in the March 1996 presidential election with 7.8% of the vote;[3] along with third-place finisher Houngbédji, Amoussou backed Kérékou against President Nicéphore Soglo for the second round of the election, and Kérékou was victorious.[6]

Amoussou was re-elected to the National Assembly in the March 1999 parliamentary election,[7] but on 29 April 1999, he was defeated in his bid for re-election as President of the National Assembly by Adrien Houngbédji in a parliamentary vote, despite being the favored candidate of Kérékou for the position. Amoussou received 38 votes against 45 for Houngbédji.[8] Under Kérékou, Amoussou was appointed as Minister of Development and Planning in 1999.[5] The PSD held its first ordinary congress in early 2000, and Amoussou was elected as the party's president.[9]

In the first round of the March 2001 presidential election, he placed fourth yet again with 8.6% of the vote, but participated in the runoff when the second- and third-placed candidates, Soglo and Houngbédji, withdrew from the race. Running against heavily favored incumbent Kérékou, to whom he had previously given his support for the second round, Amoussou received nearly 16% of the vote.[3][10] By providing token opposition to Kérékou after the President's most important opponents decided to boycott the vote, he gave the outcome a limited measure of legitimacy that it would have otherwise lacked. He remained Minister of Development and Planning until 2005.[5]

Amoussou ran again in the March 2006 presidential election, obtaining 16.29% of the vote and placing third.[3][11] He supported Yayi Boni in the second round.[12]

In the March 2007 parliamentary election, Amoussou and the PSD participated in the Alliance for a Dynamic Democracy,[13] and Amoussou was again elected to a seat.[14] Afterwards he was again a candidate for President of the National Assembly, losing to Mathurin Nago of the Cauris Forces for an Emerging Benin in a vote on 3 May 2007. Amoussou received 34 votes, while Nago received 45.[15][16]

At the PSD's second ordinary congress in mid-2009, Amoussou was re-elected as PSD President.[17] He was re-elected to the National Assembly in the March 2011 parliamentary election.[18]

Amoussou resigned as PSD President on 22 January 2012.[19] In the April 2015 parliamentary election, he was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of the Union Makes the Nation coalition in the 11th constituency.[20]

He has used the campaign slogan, "He knows the country."[21]

In July 2022, Bruno Amoussou retired and left the presidency of the UP to Joseph Djogbenou.Bénin: Bruno Amoussou quitte la politique et laisse la présidence de l’UP à Joseph Djogbenou

References

  1. ^ https://assemblee-nationale.bj/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Histoire-et-patrimoine.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ Willéandre Houngbedji, "Bruno Amoussou: Vaincre ou périr!" Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, L'Araignee, 3 March 2006 (in French).
  3. ^ a b c d "Elections in Benin". africanelections.tripod.com. African Elections Database. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  4. ^ Africa Review. World of Information. 1997. ISBN 978-0-904439-93-9.
  5. ^ a b c Jennifer C. Seely, The Legacies of Transition Governments in Africa: the Cases of Benin and Togo (2009), Palgrave Macmillan, page 158.
  6. ^ Samuel Decalo, "Benin: First of the New Democracies", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), page 61, note 21.
  7. ^ Results of the 1999 parliamentary election Archived 6 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine, bj.refer.org (in French).
  8. ^ Benin, Year in Review: 1999, Britannica.com.
  9. ^ "Benin: Social Democratic Party congress ends, new leaders elected", Radio Benin, 1 February 2000.
  10. ^ "Benin finally votes for president", CNN, 22 March 2001.
  11. ^ Angus Reid Global Monitor page on 2006 election.
  12. ^ "Rejecting appeal, government sets poll for 19 March", IRIN, 18 March 2006.
  13. ^ Alain C. Assogba, "Conclave à Cotonou hier : L’Add passe à l’offensive (Elle veut constituer sa propre majorité)", La Nouvelle Tribune, 6 April 2007 (in French). "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "Proclamation des résultats des élections législatives du 31 mars 2007", BeninInfo.com (in French). "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ "Benin : Mathurin Nago elected Parliament speaker"[permanent dead link‍], African Press Agency, 3 May 2007.
  16. ^ "Election du bureau de l’Assemblée nationale : Comment Yayi Boni a gagné le perchoir", Le Matinal, 4 May 2007 (in French). "BENIN". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  17. ^ Sulpice O. Gbaguidi, "L’inoxydable Amoussou" Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, fraternite-info.com, 10 August 2009 (in French).
  18. ^ " Assemblée nationale/6ème législature:Liste complète des 83 députés proclamés élus par la Cour" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Le Matinal, 13 May 2011 (in French).
  19. ^ "Communiqué du Psd sur la démission d’Amoussou Bruno", La Nouvelle Tribune, 26 January 2012 (in French).
  20. ^ Yao Hervé Kingbêwé, "Législatives : liste complète des 83 députés selon la CENA" Archived 17 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine, La Nouvelle Tribune, 2 May 2015 (in French).
  21. ^ "Amoussou Bruno – Il connait le pays". Library of Congress Africa Pamphlet Collection – Flickr. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
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