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'''Comito''' ({{lang-el|{{lang|grc|Κομιτὼ}}}} died ''after'' 528 AD) was a Byzantine stage performer, the daughter of Acacius "the bear-keeper", an elder sister to [[Theodora (6th century)|Theodora]] and Anastasia. Through Theodora, Comito was a sister-in-law of [[Justinian I]]. The |
'''Comito''' ({{lang-el|{{lang|grc|Κομιτὼ}}}} died ''after'' 528 AD) was a Byzantine stage performer, the daughter of Acacius "the bear-keeper", an elder sister to [[Theodora (6th century)|Theodora]] and Anastasia. Through Theodora, Comito was a sister-in-law of [[Justinian I]]. The main source of information on Comito's life is [[Procopius]], although Comito is also mentioned by [[John Malalas]], [[Theophanes the Confessor]] and [[Georgios Kedrenos|Georgios Kedrenos.]]<ref name="Martindale, Jones 1992 pp. 329">Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), pp. 329</ref> |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Comito's father, Acacius, was a bear trainer of the hippodrome's Green faction in Constantinople. Her mother, whose name is not recorded, was a dancer and actress. Acacius died when Comito and her sisters were young, and their mother swiftly remarried in the hopes that the post of animal trainer, which often passed from father to son, would be given to her new husband. However, because Acacius left no son and the second husband of his widow had a weaker claim to the position, the bear-trainer post was given to another man. Comito's mother took her daughters to the hippodrome and presented them to the crowd as supplicants, but the Greens rejected them and they were instead taken in by the Blues.<ref name="roman-emperors.org">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/dora.htm James Allan Evans, "Theodora (Wife of Justinian I)"]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | :"When this woman saw the populace assembled in the amphitheater, she placed [[laurel wreath]]s on her daughters' heads and in their hands, and sent them out to sit on the ground in the attitude of suppliants. The Greens eyed this mute appeal with indifference; but the Blues were moved to bestow on the children an equal office, since their own animal-keeper had just died. When these children reached the age of girlhood, their mother put them on the local stage, for they were fair to look upon; she sent them forth, however, not all at the same time, but as each one seemed to her to have reached a suitable age. Comito, indeed, had already become one of the leading [[hetaera]]e [high class prostitutes] of the day."<ref name="fordham.edu">[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/procop-anec.html Procopius of Caesarea, The Secret History, chapter 9. 1927 translation by Richard Atwater.]</ref> |
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Procopius narrates: |
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:"He [Justinian] took a wife: and in what manner she was born and bred, and, wedded to this man, tore up the Roman Empire by the very roots, I shall now relate. Acacius was the keeper of wild beasts used in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|amphitheater in Constantinople]]; he belonged to the [[Chariot racing|Green faction]] and was nicknamed the Bearkeeper. This man, during the rule of [[Anastasius I (emperor)|Anastasius]], fell sick and died, leaving three daughters named Comito, Theodora and Anastasia: of whom the eldest was not yet seven years old. His widow took a second husband, who with her undertook to keep up Acacius' family and profession. But Asterius, the dancing master of the Greens, on being bribed by another, removed this office from them and assigned it to the man who gave him the money. For the dancing masters had the power of distributing such positions as they wished."<ref name="fordham.edu">[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/procop-anec.html Procopius of Caesarea, The Secret History, chapter 9. 1927 translation by Richard Atwater.]</ref> |
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Historian James Allan Evans notes that animal acts appeared as [[entr'acte]]s between chariot races. The post of [[Animal training|animal trainer]] for the various factions often passed from father to son. But Acacius left no son and the second husband of his widow had a weaker claim to the position.<ref name="roman-emperors.org">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/dora.htm James Allan Evans, "Theodora (Wife of Justinian I)"]</ref> |
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Once she was determined to be old enough, Comito became a hetaera. According to Procopius, when Theodora was a child, she acted as an assistant to Comito, carrying the bench on which Comito sat during public gatherings.<ref name="fordham.edu"/> |
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| ⚫ | :"When this woman saw the populace assembled in the amphitheater, she placed [[laurel wreath]]s on her daughters' heads and in their hands, and sent them out to sit on the ground in the attitude of suppliants. The Greens eyed this mute appeal with indifference; but the Blues were moved to bestow on the children an equal office, since their own animal-keeper had just died. When these children reached the age of girlhood, their mother put them on the local stage, for they were fair to look upon; she sent them forth, however, not all at the same time, but as each one seemed to her to have reached a suitable age. Comito, indeed, had already become one of the leading [[hetaera]]e [high class prostitutes] of the day."<ref name="fordham.edu" |
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| ⚫ | Evans notes that Theodora would later favor the Blues as an empress, which could point to them having earned her loyalty through saving her family from the threat of unemployment and poverty.<ref name="roman-emperors.org"/> |
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===Marriage=== |
===Marriage=== |
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John Malalas records that Comito married general [[Sittas]] in 528. The marriage is also recorded by Theophanes and Cedrenus.<ref name="Martindale, Jones 1992 pp. 329"/> Sittas and Comito may be the parents of [[Sophia (empress)|Sophia]], who would |
John Malalas records that Comito married the general [[Sittas]] in 528. The marriage is also recorded by Theophanes and Cedrenus.<ref name="Martindale, Jones 1992 pp. 329"/> Sittas and Comito may be the parents of [[Sophia (empress)|Sophia]], who would marry [[Justin II]] and succeed Theodora as empress of Eastern Rome. Sophia is recorded as a niece to Theodora, and it is unclear whether she was the daughter of Comito or Anastasia.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/15C*.html#note192 J. B. Bury, ''History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian'' (1923)]</ref> Whether Anastasia ever married is unknown.<ref name=Garland>[http://www.roman-emperors.org/sophia.htm Lynda Garland, "Sophia, Wife of Justin II"]</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 06:17, 7 June 2023
Comito (Template:Lang-el died after 528 AD) was a Byzantine stage performer, the daughter of Acacius "the bear-keeper", an elder sister to Theodora and Anastasia. Through Theodora, Comito was a sister-in-law of Justinian I. The main source of information on Comito's life is Procopius, although Comito is also mentioned by John Malalas, Theophanes the Confessor and Georgios Kedrenos.[1]
Life
Comito's father, Acacius, was a bear trainer of the hippodrome's Green faction in Constantinople. Her mother, whose name is not recorded, was a dancer and actress. Acacius died when Comito and her sisters were young, and their mother swiftly remarried in the hopes that the post of animal trainer, which often passed from father to son, would be given to her new husband. However, because Acacius left no son and the second husband of his widow had a weaker claim to the position, the bear-trainer post was given to another man. Comito's mother took her daughters to the hippodrome and presented them to the crowd as supplicants, but the Greens rejected them and they were instead taken in by the Blues.[2]
- "When this woman saw the populace assembled in the amphitheater, she placed laurel wreaths on her daughters' heads and in their hands, and sent them out to sit on the ground in the attitude of suppliants. The Greens eyed this mute appeal with indifference; but the Blues were moved to bestow on the children an equal office, since their own animal-keeper had just died. When these children reached the age of girlhood, their mother put them on the local stage, for they were fair to look upon; she sent them forth, however, not all at the same time, but as each one seemed to her to have reached a suitable age. Comito, indeed, had already become one of the leading hetaerae [high class prostitutes] of the day."[3]
Evans notes that Theodora would later favor the Blues as an empress, which could point to them having earned her loyalty through saving her family from the threat of unemployment and poverty.[2]
Once she was determined to be old enough, Comito became a hetaera. According to Procopius, when Theodora was a child, she acted as an assistant to Comito, carrying the bench on which Comito sat during public gatherings.[3]
Marriage
John Malalas records that Comito married the general Sittas in 528. The marriage is also recorded by Theophanes and Cedrenus.[1] Sittas and Comito may be the parents of Sophia, who would marry Justin II and succeed Theodora as empress of Eastern Rome. Sophia is recorded as a niece to Theodora, and it is unclear whether she was the daughter of Comito or Anastasia.[4] Whether Anastasia ever married is unknown.[5]
References
- ^ a b Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), pp. 329
- ^ a b James Allan Evans, "Theodora (Wife of Justinian I)"
- ^ a b Procopius of Caesarea, The Secret History, chapter 9. 1927 translation by Richard Atwater.
- ^ J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian (1923)
- ^ Lynda Garland, "Sophia, Wife of Justin II"
- Baker, G.P.. Justinian: The Last Roman Emperor. Cooper Square Press, 2002 (1-2, 53, 290, 334). Print.
- Martindale, John R.; Jones, A.H.M.; Morris, John (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire - Volume III, AD 527–641, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-20160-8