Holy See–Italy relations: Difference between revisions

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Holy See–Italy relations refers to the special relationship between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and the Italian Republic.

History

Relations with the Kingdom of Italy were difficult during the papacies of Pius IX and Leo XIII, who had to endure the status of prisoner of the Vatican after the capture of Rome,^[1] refusing to recognize the Law of Guarantees.^[2] Leo XIII forbade Christians from participating in elections and accused the Italian state of being controlled by freemasons.^{[citation needed]}

It was only under Pius XI that the Lateran Treaty was signed, establishing the State of Vatican City, allowing for greater papal autonomy.^[3]

The new Italian Republic established in 1946 recognized freedom of religion. However, under Pius XII and Paul VI, the Christian Democrats thrived and had great influence on Italian politics, in order to stop the Italian Communist Party from gaining power.^[4]

Diplomatic Legations to the Vatican in Italy

Due to the size of the Vatican City State, embassies accredited to the Holy See are based in Italy. Embassy officials of other countries also stay in Italy. Treaties signed between Italy and the Vatican City State permit such embassages. The Embassy of Italy to the Holy See is unique amongst foreign embassages in that it is the only embassy based on its home territory.

The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the European Union, and the Order of Malta; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in Rome, though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.

This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan) and as such, the ROC Embassy to the Holy See is also in Rome.

Notes and references

^ Updike, Robin (2005-01-09). ""Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope's last stand and the birth of the new Italy". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ "Law of Guarantees". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ "The Lateran Treaty". Vatican.com. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
^ Caimmi, Michele (2020-07-25). "When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists". historyofyesterday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[1] Updike, Robin (2005-01-09). ""Prisoner of the Vatican": A pope's last stand and the birth of the new Italy". seattletimes.com. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[2] "Law of Guarantees". newadvent.org. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[3] "The Lateran Treaty". Vatican.com. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

[4] Caimmi, Michele (2020-07-25). "When the Pope Excommunicated the Communists". historyofyesterday.com. Retrieved 2021-11-06.

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 The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 176 sovereign states, the [[European Union]], and the [[Order of Malta]]; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in [[Rome]], though those countries then have two embassies in the same city, since, by agreement between the Holy See and Italy, the same person cannot be accredited simultaneously to both.
-This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]] represents China and as such, the PRC Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (which controls Taiwan) represents China, and as such, the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See|ROC Embassy to the Holy See]] is also in Rome.
+This is shown clearly by the fact that Italy recognizes the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the PRC's Embassy to Italy is in Rome. However, the Vatican City State recognizes the [[Republic of China]] (which controls Taiwan) and as such, the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See|ROC Embassy to the Holy See]] is also in Rome.
 ==See also==

v t e Foreign relations of the Holy See
Africa	Algeria Central African Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Ivory Coast Mauritius
Americas	Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Cuba Mexico Nicaragua Peru United States Uruguay Venezuela
Asia	Bangladesh China Georgia India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kurdistan Region Lebanon Malaysia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Saudi Arabia South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Turkey United Arab Emirates Vietnam
Europe	Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia France Germany Greece Ireland Italy North Macedonia Monaco Poland Romania Russia Serbia Spain Switzerland United Kingdom
Oceania	Papua New Guinea
Former	Soviet Union Yugoslavia
Multilateral relations	African Union ASEAN Arab League Council of Europe European Union Organization of American States United Nations Observer to the UN Observer to the UN in Geneva
Related topics	Apostolic nunciature Cardinal Secretary of State Concordats Diplomatic missions: of the Holy See/to the Holy See Heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See Legal status of the Holy See Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See Secretariat of State Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)

v t e Foreign relations of San Marino
Americas	United States
Asia	China Israel Turkey
Europe	Italy Serbia United Kingdom
Multilateral relations	European Union
Missions	Diplomatic missions of San Marino / in San Marino