Stock sound effect

A stock sound effect is a prerecorded sound effect intended to be reused with an entertainment product, as opposed to creating a new and unique sound effect. It is intended to work within a sound effect library.

History

As far back as Ancient Greece, sound effects have been used in entertainment productions. Sound effects (also known as sound FX, SFX, or simply FX) are used to enhance theatre, radio, film, television, video games, and online media.

Sound effects were originally added to productions by creating the sounds needed in real-time. Various devices and props were utilized to approximate the actual sounds, including coconut shells for horse hooves, and a sheet of metal for thunder. With the advent of radio and specifically radio dramas, the role of sound effects became more important. When cinema went from silent to "talkies", sound effects became a large part of this new medium, too.

Audio recording technology continued to evolve, making it easier to record and replay sound. As this happened, the more commonly used and harder-to-replicate sound effects were pre-recorded to make them more accessible. Prerecording also allowed the same sound effect to be used many times.

Both producers' and listeners' sensibilities began evolving with the technology, and the need for more realistic sound effects or for using the "real" sound increased. Therefore, a more urgent need developed for prerecorded sound effects.

Over time, the quality of audio recording and playback increased, as did the demand for a wider variety of highly specific sounds. For example, rather than use a generic gunshot, a producer might request a gunshot from a specific type of gun, shot under precise conditions. Access to "real" sound effects became increasingly important to producers.

These collections of prerecorded sound effects, both real and artificial, began to be referred to as stock sound effects and were organized into libraries. As their usage increased, stock sound effects libraries became the valuable assets of sound design artists and production companies. Some stock sound effects have been reused so many times that they have become easily recognizable and even cliché. Examples of these include the scream of a red-tailed hawk, castle thunder, or the Wilhelm and Howie screams.

Many of the original sound effects libraries originated in the mid to late 1950s from film and television studios that employed the artists who created them, such as Warner Bros. and Hanna-Barbera. Audio Fidelity Records was one of the first record labels to join in releasing compilations from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, notably Elektra alongside Jac Holzman's released Authentic Sound Effects in 1964 as a 13 volume series. Over time, independent companies such as Sound Ideas and Hollywood Edge became involved, both distributing the major studios' libraries as well as making their own available to the public.

The internet ushered in a new generation of technology, entertainment media, and sound effects libraries. Sounddogs became the first to distribute sound effects libraries over the internet and Soundrangers became the first to create an all-new sound effects library for internet-based entertainment. Dozens of other websites now provide stock sounds for movies, video games, and software. Others such as Freesound aim to provide free sound effects under the public domain.

Over the years, with the evolution of sound recording technology and new formats, the format used for sound effects libraries also evolved. Sound libraries are now available on many types of media, including vinyl records, reel-to-reel tape, cassette tapes, compact discs, hard drives, and via the internet. Sound effects libraries now include more complex, layered, and mixed sounds along with a wider variety of incidental real-world sounds.

Often-used examples

"The Wilhelm Scream"

Wilhelm scream

sound of a man screaming, first used in a 1951 Western and used as a running joke by sound designers in many films and television shows.

Universal stock roar

the second-largest stock sound in The Land Unknown. The short, roar with grunt in the first, the elongated roar in the second, the roar with deep snarl in the third, the third in reversed, shortened in the fourth, the hissing snarl in the fifth, the speed-up third in reversed in the sixth, the speed-up second in reversed in the seventh, the speed-up first in reversed in the eighth.

"The Howie Long Scream"

Howie Scream

(also known as the Howie Long scream or Screams 3; Man, Gut-Wrenching Scream and Fall into Distance) is a frequently used film, television, and video game stock sound effect for a scream. Often compared to the Wilhelm scream, its prominence in a number of movies has launched a few nicknames such as Howie Long Scream, in reference to Howie Long's character's death scene in the 1996 film Broken Arrow. It appears to have originated from a fight scene in the 1980 film The Ninth Configuration.

Sharptooth roar

a stock roar The Land Before Time. The short growl in the first, the elongated growls in the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth. The hissing roars in the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, and the eighth, the speed-up second growl in ninth, the elongated roar in the tenth, the eleventh, the twelfth, and the thirteen.

Click Plink

(also known as the Clicker Plinker or Plink, Cartoon - Sour Plink) a common Hanna-Barbera poking or plucking sound in cartoons.

"WBs Slide String 1"

WB's Slide string

a slide string 1/7 short / long / shuttered.

Tarzan yell

distinctive, ululating yell of the character Tarzan as portrayed by actor Johnny Weissmuller in the films based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs starting with Tarzan the Ape Man (1932).

Goofy holler

the cry that the Disney character Goofy makes when falling or being launched into the air, that can be transcribed as "Yaa-hoo-hoo-hoo-hooey!"

Universal telephone ring

a ringing telephone, used in the opening credits of The Rockford Files. Sound designer Ben Burtt has said of it:

"No matter where the scene is, an office, an outside payphone, or deep in a cave - all Universal telephones will ring with the same 'tittle-little-little-ling.' I don't like it because it's so artificial."

Common Loon Tremolo Call

Common loon calls

the wailing call of the loon is widely used in film and television to evoke wilderness and suspense.

Castle thunder

a loud thunderclap during a rainstorm, originally recorded for the 1931 Universal Pictures film Frankenstein.

Diddy laugh

(also known as Two Children Giggling or Two Young Kids Giggle) a sound of two children giggling acquired by The Hollywood Edge on August 13, 1990, originally recorded in 1978 for the 1990 TriStar Pictures film Air America.

See also

• Post-production

External links

• "Variety of Noises in Sound Effects Library". The New York Times. July 3, 1932.