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{{Short description|Timeline of development of explosives}} |
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Revision as of 18:19, 27 June 2023
 | This article, Timeline of explosives, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
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| This article, Timeline of explosives, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
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This timeline lists the development of explosives and related events.
Timeline
| Year(s) | Event | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1st millennium | Gunpowder, the first explosive, is developed. | |
| 1040 - 1044 | The book Wujing Zongyao contains three formulas for gunpowder, the first such reference. | |
| 1267 | Roger Bacon's Opus Majus contains the first European reference to gunpowder. | [1] |
| 1659 | Ammonium nitrate is first synthesized by Johann Rudolf Glauber; it wasn't used as an explosive until World War I. | [2] |
| 1745 | William Watson shows that an electric spark can ignite gunpowder, demonstrating the first detonator. | [3] |
| 1845 | Nitrocellulose is invented by Christian Schoenbein. | [4] |
| 1846 | Nitroglycerin is invented by Ascanio Sobrero. It is the first practical explosive stronger than gunpowder. | [5][6] |
| 1863 | TNT is invented by Julius Wilbrand, but used only as a yellow dye. | [7] |
| Sep 3, 1864 | An nitroglycerin explosion at Immanuel Nobel's factory kills Alfred Nobel's youngest brother Emil Oskar Nobel and five other factory workers. | [6][8] |
| Nov 28, 1864 | Alfred Nobel establishes his first company, Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget, the first commercial manufacturer of nitroglycerin. | |
| 1865 | Alfred Nobel develops a detonator using mercury fulminate in a copper capsule to detonate nitroglycerin. | [9] |
| 1866 | Dynamite is invented by Alfred Nobel by mixing nitroglycerin with silica. It is the first safely manageable explosive stronger than gunpowder. | [10] |
| 1867 | The use of ammonium nitrate in explosives is patented in Sweden. | [11] |
| 1875 | Gelignite, the first plastic explosive, is invented by Alfred Nobel. | [12][13] |
| 1884 | Paul Marie Eugène Vieille creates Poudre B, the first practical smokeless powder. | [14] |
| 1891 | The explosive properties of TNT are discovered by Carl Häussermann. | [7] |
| 1894 | PETN is patented by the Rheinisch-Westfälische Sprengstoff A.G. | [15] |
| 1898 | RDX is invented by Georg Friedrich Henning, but not used until World War II. | [16] |
| 1906 | Dunnite is invented by US Army Major Beverly W. Dunn. | |
| 1908 | The first detonating cord, a lead tube filled with TNT, is patented in France. | [17] |
| Dec 6, 1917 | Halifax Explosion: A cargo of TNT, picric acid, benzol, and guncotton aboard aboard a ship explodes after a collision, killing at least 1,782 people. It was the largest artificial explosion at the time. | [18] |
| Apr 16, 1947 | Texas City disaster: 2,100 metric tons of ammonium nitrate aboard a docked ship explode, ultimately killing at least 581 people, the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history. | [19] |
| 1952 | Semtex, a general-purpose plastic explosive containing RDX and PETN, is invented by Stanislav Brebera. | [20] |
| 1955 | ANFO is developed, consisting of 94% ammonium nitrate. | [21] |
| 1956 | C-4 is developed as part of the Composition C family of plastic explosives; it contains 91% RDX. | |
| Aug 4, 2020 | Beirut explosion: A large amount of ammonium nitrate explodes, causing at least 218 deaths. | [22] |
See also
- History of gunpowder
- Timeline of the gunpowder age
- Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions
- List of ammonium nitrate disasters
- List of explosives used during World War II
References
- ^ "Roger Bacon | Philosophy, Biography, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-12. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "The deadly history of ammonium nitrate, the explosive linked to the Beirut blast". Science. 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ Royal Society (Great Britain); Britain), Royal Society (Great; Hutton, Charles; Maty, Paul Henry; Pearson, Richard; Shaw, George; Stuart, Alexander; Britain), Royal Society (Great; Britain), Royal Society (Great (1744). Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Vol. 43. London: Royal Society of London.
- ^ "Explosive - Nitramon, Nitramex, and Smokeless Powder | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Eschner, Kat. "The Man Who Invented Nitroglycerin Was Horrified By Dynamite". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ a b "Explosive - Black Powder, Gunpowder, Glazing, and Safety Fuse | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ a b Szondy, David (2018-06-15). "New explosive could render toxic TNT obsolete". New Atlas. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Alfred Nobel's Industrial Activities in Vinterviken". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Black Powder, Gunpowder, Glazing, and Safety Fuse | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Alfred Nobel Was the Inventor of This Explosive Substance". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Nitroglycerin, Ammonium Nitrate, and TNT Isomers | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ Nast, Condé. "How to handle gelignite". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Nitroglycerin, Ammonium Nitrate, and TNT Isomers | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Nitramon, Nitramex, and Smokeless Powder | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "PETN | chemical compound | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "RDX | explosive | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-06-16. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Detonating Cord, Primacord, TNT, and Shaped Charge | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Halifax Explosion". Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Texas City explosion of 1947 | industrial disaster, Texas City, Texas, United States [1947] | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Czech inventions that took the world by storm: the verzatilka, the patentka and Semtex". Czech Presidency of the Council of the European Union. 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Explosive - Nitramon, Nitramex, and Smokeless Powder | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Beirut explosion: What we know so far". BBC News. 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2023-06-27.