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== History and Actions ==
== History and Actions ==
Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tank [[FRIDE]] (''Fundación para las Relaciones Internacional y el Diálogo Exteriores'')<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Altares |first=Guillermo |date=2001-10-27 |title=Dirigentes mundiales crean el Club de Madrid para ayudar a las democracias incipientes |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2001/10/28/internacional/1004220016_850215.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref>.
Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tank [[FRIDE]] (''Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exteriores'')<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Altares |first=Guillermo |date=2001-10-27 |title=Dirigentes mundiales crean el Club de Madrid para ayudar a las democracias incipientes |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2001/10/28/internacional/1004220016_850215.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref>.


The Conference was attended by 32 current and former [[Head of state|heads of state]] and [[Head of government|government]], who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were former [[President of the USSR]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhaíl Gorbachov]], former [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Kim Campbell]], [[Juan Carlos I|King Juan Carlos I of Spain]], former democratic [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Ministers of Spain]] [[Adolfo Suárez]], [[Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo|Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo]], [[Felipe González]] and [[José María Aznar]], former [[List of heads of government of the Central African Republic|Prime Minister of the Central African Republic]] [[Martin Ziguélé|Martin Ziguele]], and [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Bill Clinton]]<ref name=":2" />.
The Conference was attended by 32 current and former [[Head of state|heads of state]] and [[Head of government|government]], who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were former [[President of the USSR]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhaíl Gorbachov]], former [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Kim Campbell]], [[Juan Carlos I|King Juan Carlos I of Spain]], former democratic [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Ministers of Spain]] [[Adolfo Suárez]], [[Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo|Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo]], [[Felipe González]] and [[José María Aznar]], former [[List of heads of government of the Central African Republic|Prime Minister of the Central African Republic]] [[Martin Ziguélé|Martin Ziguele]], and [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Bill Clinton]]<ref name=":2" />.

Revision as of 07:46, 29 June 2023

Club de Madrid
Formation2001
HeadquartersMadrid, Spain
President
Vice Presidents
Websitewww.clubmadrid.org

Club de Madrid is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community. It is composed of 126 regular members from 73 countries,[3] including 7 Nobel Peace Prize laureates and 20 first female heads of State or Government. Club de Madrid is the world's largest forum of former heads of state and government.[4]

Among its main goals are the strengthening of democratic institutions and counseling on the resolution of political conflicts in two key areas: democratic leadership and governance, and response to crisis and post-crisis situations.[4]

History and Actions

Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tank FRIDE (Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exteriores)[5].

The Conference was attended by 32 current and former heads of state and government, who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were former President of the USSR Mikhaíl Gorbachov, former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, former democratic Prime Ministers of Spain Adolfo Suárez, Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, Felipe González and José María Aznar, former Prime Minister of the Central African Republic Martin Ziguele, and US President Bill Clinton[5].

The Club's first Secretary General was the co-founder of FRIDE, Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro, and its first President was former President of Brasil Fernando Henrique Cardoso[6], who held that post until 2006. In 2004, former Canadian Primer Minister Kim Campbell became Secretary General until 2006[7], when the Spanish diplomat Fernando Perpiñá-Robert took the post. Former President of Chile Ricardo Lagos was elected as the organization's President in 2006[8], until 2010, when he ceded the position to former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Wim Kok. Also in 2010, Carlos Westendorp, Spanish diplomat and politician, became Secretary General.

Former President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was elected President of the Club in 2014. In 2016, María Elena Agüero became Secretary General[9] and, in 2019, former President of Slovenia Danilo Türk was elected President, posts they both still hold[10].

The Club's first General Assembly was held in Madrid in October 2002 approved the organization's first Annual Policy Dialogue[11], year-long initiatives that involve members, other organizations, and experts in working grops to formulate policy recommendations on the decided topic. The results of some Annual Policy Dialogues and other programs have been echoed and supported in national and international legislation and pacts[12].

List of Annual Policy Dialogues
Year Topic Place
2002 Democracy[13] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2003 The Role of the IMF and its Contribution to Democratic Governance[14] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2004 Democracies in Danger: Diagnoses and Prescriptions[15] Parliament, Madrid
2005 Democracy in the Post Communist World: Unfinished Business[16] Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague
2005 International Summit on Democracy, Security and Terrorism[17] Madrid, Spain
2006 Challenges of Energy and Democratic Leadership[18] Palace of the Senate, Madrid
2007 Democratizing Energy: Geopolitics and Power[19] Instituto Cervantes, Madrid
2008 Leadership for Shared Societies[20] Rotterdam, Netherlands
2009 Political Dimensions of the World Economic Crisis[21] Palacio de Congresos, Madrid
2010 Reconstruction and Democratic Development: the Case of Haiti[22] Representation of the European Commission in Spain, Madrid
2011 Digital Technologies for 21st Century Democracy[23] New York, USA
2012 Asia Pacific Forum: Building a More Resilient Pacific in the 21st Century World Order Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
2012 Harnessing 21st Century Solutions: a Focus on Women[24] Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
2013 South Caucasus Forum[25] Ganja and Baku, Azerbaijan
2014 Societies that Work: Jobs for Inclusive Growth[26] Coolum Beach, Queensland, Austraila
2014 II Global Shared Societies Forum[27] Baku, Azerbaijan
2014 Democracy and Human Rights: a Call to Action[28] Florence, Italy
2015 Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism Madrid, Spain
2016 Inclusive, Sustainable and Resilient Cities in the Belt and Road Initiative[29] Guangzhou, China
2018 Education for Shared Societies[30] Lisbon, Portugal
2019 Digital Transformation and the Future of Democracy[31] Madrid, Spain
2020 Multilateralism that Delivers[32] Online
2021 Rethinking Democracy[33] Online
2022 Leading in a World of Converging Crises[34] Berlin, Germany
2023 Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet[35] Brazil

The Club de Madrid pushed for a constitutional reform in Haiti[36] and promoted the adoption of a National Pact in 2014 to reach a democratic consensus.[37]

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Club de Madrid called for international cooperation, solidarity, and policies such as the "creation of an international fund for assistance to the Global South to deal with the consequences of COVID-19" and supported "the IMF’s call for coordinated fiscal stimuli to mitigate against long-lasting economic damage". The organization called on the World Bank to support the coordinated purchase of pandemic response equipment[38].

Club de Madrid issued a statement in support of the 2020 International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, endorsing practices of restorative justice and highlighting the cosmovision of numerous indigenous peoples towards nature[39]. Also in 2020, the organization appealed to the authorities of Belarus to "stop detentions and the use of force against unarmed demonstrators" after the presidential elections in the country[40].

Club de Madrid also condemned the 2021 coup d'etat in Myanmar and called for the "immediate and unconditional release of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Daw Aung Sang Suu Kyi, members of government, of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and of civil society activists who have been detained"[41]. Also in 2021, the organization and 46 of its members publicly supported the suspension of the WTO's intellectual property rules towards COVID-19 vaccines to make vaccination more accesible[42].

In June 2022, the Club de Madrid called on the Tunisian President Kais Saied to release the politician Hamadi Jebali.[43] Club de Madrid has also repeatedly called for the release of opposition leader Alexei Navalny and other political prisioners in Russia, and for the end of the war in Ukraine through dialogue and diplomacy[44].

In response to the January 8th Brazilian Congress attack, Club de Madrid condemned the event[45].

Composition and structure

As of April 2023, there are 126 full members, all of whom are previous government officials with full voting rights. The club also has institutional members and foundations – private and public organizations that share similar democratic objectives, including FRIDE, the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA), both original sponsors of the founding conference in 2001[46], the Madrid City Council, the Regional Government of Madrid, and the Government of Spain[47]. Additionally, there are six honorary members (e.g. Javier Solana, Aung San Suu Kyi[48]) and several fellows, who are experts on democratic change[49].

Full members, representatives of the constituent foundations, the Secretary General of the organization, and honorary members form the General Assembly, the highest representative and governing body of Club de Madrid. The General Assembly meets at least once a year to vote on the organization's activities and reports, the proposal of new members, and the designation of the Secretary General, Board of Directors and President, among other activities[50].

The Board of Directors manages the interests of the organization according to the directives of the General Assembly. The body is composed of the President, currently Danilo Türk, two Vice-Presidents, currently former South Korean Prime Minister Han Seung-soo and former President of Costa Rica Laura Chinchilla, one member from each constituen foundation, the Secretary General, and up to six other members[51].

The President represents the organization and is elected for a term of three years, renewable once. The Vice-Presidents are also elected for three years, renewable once, and they work closely with the President[52].

Club de Madrid has two advisory bodies, the President's Circle, made up of individuals and organizations that support the Club's objectives, and the Advisory Committee, composed of fellows who are experts in their fields. The Secretariat, under the direction of the Secretary General, is responsible for the daily management of the Club de Madrid[53].

Funding

Club de Madrid is a non-profit organization and members offer their services on a pro bono basis. It relies financially on donations which are used to support a permanent Secretariat and fund specific projects. The Club's accounts are audited annually by an external organization and publicly availeable[54].

The Club of Madrid Foundation Inc. (COMFI) is a grant-making foundation that has US 501(c)(3) tax exemption status. It exists to raise funds in support of the club's charitable and educational activities. COMFI is independent and not controlled by the Club itself, but solely by a four-person Board of Directors[55].

Members

Club de Madrid has 126 full members of which 19 are former Heads of State and/or government from Africa and the Middle East, 29 from the Americas, 16 from Asia-Pacific, and 57 from Europe.

List of current members

List of members as of 30 April 2022.[56]

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Valdas Adamkus 98  Lithuania None President of Lithuania (1998–2003, 2004–2009)
Esko Aho 70  Finland Centre Prime Minister of Finland (1991–1995)
Óscar Arias 84  Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica (1986–1990, 2006–2010)
José María Aznar 71  Spain PP President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
Michelle Bachelet 73  Chile Socialist President of Chile (2006–2010, 2014–2018)
Executive Director of UN Women (2010–2013)
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2018–2022)
Jan Peter Balkenende 68  Netherlands CDA Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
Joyce Banda 74  Malawi People's Party President of Malawi (2012–2014)
Rupiah Banda 87  Zambia MMD President of Zambia (2008–2011)
José Manuel Barroso 68  Portugal PSD Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
President of the European Commission (2004–2014)
Carl Bildt 75  Sweden Moderate Prime Minister of Sweden (1991–1994)
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–1997)
Valdis Birkavs 82  Latvia LC Prime Minister of Latvia (1993–1994)
Kjell Magne Bondevik 77  Norway Christian Democratic Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000, 2001–2005)
Gordon Brown 73  United Kingdom Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010)
Gro Harlem Brundtland 85  Norway Labour Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986–1989, 1990–1996)
Director-General of the World Health Organization (1998–2003)
John Bruton 77  Ireland Fine Gael Taoiseach of Ireland (1994–1997)
EU Ambassador to the United States (2004–2009)
Jerzy Buzek 84  Poland Civic Platform Prime Minister of Poland (1997–2001)
President of the European Parliament (2009–2012)
Felipe Calderón 62  Mexico PAN President of Mexico (2006–2012)
Micheline Calmy-Rey 79  Switzerland Social Democratic Member of the Federal Council (2003–2011)
(President in 2007 and 2011)
Kim Campbell 77  Canada Progressive Conservative Prime Minister of Canada (1993)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso 93  Brazil Social Democracy President of Brazil (1995–2003)
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 85  Portugal Social Democratic Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
President of Portugal (2006–2016)
Laura Chinchilla 65  Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica (2010–2014)
Joaquim Chissano 85  Mozambique FRELIMO President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
Jean Chrétien 90  Canada Liberal Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
Helen Clark 74  New Zealand Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
Bill Clinton 78  United States Democratic President of the United States (1993–2001)
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca 66  Malta Labour President of Malta (2014–2019)
Dominique de Villepin 71  France RS Prime Minister of France (2005–2007)
Philip Dimitrov 69  Bulgaria SDS Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1991–1992)
Luísa Diogo 66  Mozambique FRELIMO Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
Leonel Fernández 70  Dominican Republic PLD President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000, 2004–2012)
José María Figueres 69  Costa Rica PLN President of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir 94  Iceland None President of Iceland (1980–1996)
Vicente Fox 82  Mexico PAN President of Mexico (2000–2006)
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 82  Chile Christian Democratic President of Chile (1994–2000)
Yasuo Fukuda 88  Japan Liberal Democratic Prime Minister of Japan (2007–2008)
César Gaviria 77  Colombia Liberal President of Colombia (1990–1994)
Secretary General of the Organization of American States (1994–2004)
Amine Pierre Gemayel 82  Lebanon Kata'eb President of Lebanon (1982–1988)
Felipe González 82  Spain PSOE President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
Dalia Grybauskaitė 68  Lithuania None President of Lithuania (2009–2019)
Alfred Gusenbauer 64  Austria Social Democratic Chancellor of Austria (2007–2008)
António Guterres 75  Portugal Socialist Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2005–2016)
UN Secretary-General (2016–present)
Tarja Halonen 80  Finland Social Democratic President of Finland (2000–2012)
Han Seung-soo 87  South Korea Saenuri Prime Minister of South Korea (2008–2009)
François Hollande 70  France PS President of France (2012–2017)
Osvaldo Hurtado 85  Ecuador Christian Democratic President of Ecuador (1981–1984)
Hamadi Jebali 75  Tunisia Ennahdha (until 2014)

None (since 2014)

Head of Government of Tunisia (2011–2013)
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 86  Liberia None President of Liberia (2006–2018)
Mehdi Jomaa 62  Tunisia None (until 2017)

Tunisian Alternative (since 2017)

Head of Government of Tunisia (2014–2015)
Ivo Josipović 67  Croatia SDP President of Croatia (2010–2015)
Alain Juppé 79  France UMP Prime Minister of France (1995–1997)
Horst Köhler 81  Germany Christian Democratic President of Germany (2004–2010)
Milan Kučan 83  Slovenia
 Yugoslavia		 Communist (until 1990)
None (since 1990)		 President of Slovenia (1991–2002)
John Kufuor 86  Ghana NPP President of Ghana (2001–2009)
Chairman of the AU (2007–2008)
Chandrika Kumaratunga 79  Sri Lanka SLFP President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
Aleksander Kwaśniewski 70  Poland None (since 1995) President of Poland (1995–2005)
Luis Alberto Lacalle 83  Uruguay PN President of Uruguay (1990–1995)
Ricardo Lagos 86  Chile PPD President of Chile (2000–2006)
Zlatko Lagumdžija 68  Bosnia and Herzegovina Social Democratic Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001–2002)
Lee Hong-koo 68  South Korea NKP South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (1994–1995)
Yves Leterme 58  Belgium CD&V Prime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011)
Enrico Letta 58  Italy PD Prime Minister of Italy (2013–2014)
Doris Leuthard 61  Switzerland CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD Member of the Federal Council (2006–2018)
(President in 2010 and 2017)
Thabo Mbeki 82  South Africa ANC President of South Africa (1999–2008)
Rexhep Meidani 80  Albania Socialist President of Albania (1997–2002)
Carlos Mesa 71  Bolivia FRI President of Bolivia (2003–2005)
James Michel 80  Seychelles US President of Seychelles (2004–2016)
Festus Mogae 85  Botswana BDP President of Botswana (1998–2008)
Mario Monti 81  Italy None Prime Minister of Italy (2011–2013)
Olusegun Obasanjo 87  Nigeria PDP Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1976–1979)
President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
Roza Otunbayeva 74  Kyrgyzstan Social Democratic (2007–2010) President of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)
Anand Panyarachun 92  Thailand None Prime Minister of Thailand (1991–1992)
George Papandreou 72  Greece Socialist Prime Minister of Greece (2009–2011)
Andrés Pastrana 70  Colombia Conservative President of Colombia (1998–2002)
Pratibha Patil 89  India INC President of India (2007–2012)
P.J. Patterson 89  Jamaica PNP (until 2011) Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
Sebastián Piñera 75  Chile None President of Chile (2010–2014; 2018–2022)
Romano Prodi 85  Italy Democratic President of the European Commission (1999–2004)
President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1996–1998, 2006–2008)
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat 82  Mongolia None President of Mongolia (1990–1997)
Jorge Quiroga 64  Bolivia PODEMOS President of Bolivia (2001–2002)
Iveta Radičová 68  Slovakia SDKÚ-DS
(2006–2012)		 Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012)
Mariano Rajoy 69  Spain PP President of the Government of Spain (2011–2018)
José Manuel Ramos-Horta 74  East Timor None Prime Minister of East Timor (2006–2007)
President of East Timor (2007–2012)
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen 81  Denmark Social Democrats Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
Mary Robinson 80  Ireland None President of Ireland (1990–97)
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997–2002)
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 64  Spain PSOE President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
Petre Roman 78  Romania FSN (1989–1991) Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
Kevin Rudd 67  Australia ALP Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010, 2013)
Julio María Sanguinetti 88  Uruguay PC President of Uruguay (1985–1990, 1995–2000)
Wolfgang Schüssel 79  Austria ÖVP Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
Jenny Shipley 72  New Zealand National Prime Minister of New Zealand (1997–1999)
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir 82  Iceland Social Democratic Alliance Prime Minister of Iceland (2009–2013)
Fuad Siniora 81  Lebanon FM Prime Minister of Lebanon (2005–2009)
Alexander Stubb 56  Finland NCP Prime Minister of Finland (2014–2015)
Hanna Suchocka 78  Poland UD Prime Minister of Poland (1992–1993)
Boris Tadić 66  Serbia Social Democratic President of Serbia (2004–2012)
Jigme Thinley 72  Bhutan DPT Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt 58  Denmark Social Democrats Prime Minister of Denmark (2011–2015)
Martín Torrijos 61  Panama PRD President of Panama (2004–2009)
Aminata Touré 62  Senegal APR Prime Minister of Senegal (2013–2014)
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 61  Mongolia Democratic Party Prime Minister of Mongolia (2004–2006)
President of Mongolia (2009–2017)
Danilo Türk 72  Slovenia None President of Slovenia (2007–2012)
Cassam Uteem 83  Mauritius MMM President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
Herman Van Rompuy 77  Belgium CD&V Prime Minister of Belgium (2008–2009)
President of the European Council (2009–2014)
Guy Verhofstadt 71  Belgium VLD Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga 87  Latvia None President of Latvia (1999–2007)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 75  Indonesia Democratic Party President of Indonesia (2004–2014)
Ernesto Zedillo 72  Mexico PRI President of Mexico (1994–2000)

List of Secretary-Generals

Name Start End Nation Party Office(s) held
Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro 2002 2004  Spain Co-founder of FRIDE
Kim Campbell 2004 2006 Canada Conservative Party Minister of National Defence (1993)

Minister of Veterans Affairs (1993) Minister of Justice and Attorney General (1993) Minister of State (Indian Affairs and Northern Development) (1993) Prime Minister of Canada (1993)

Fernando Perpiñá-Robert 2006 2010[57]  Spain Spanish diplomat
Carlos Westendorp 2010[57] 2016  Spain SSWP Minister of Foreign Affairs (1995-1996)
María Elena Agüero 2016 Present

List of honorary members

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Aung San Suu Kyi 79  Myanmar NLD State Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021)
Ban Ki-moon 80  South Korea None Secretary-General of the United Nations (2007–2016)
Jimmy Carter 100  United States Democratic President of the United States (1977–81)
Enrique V. Iglesias 94  Uruguay
 Spain		 (unknown) President of the Inter-American Development Bank (1998–2005)
Secretary General of the Iberoamerican General Secretariat (2005–13)
Jacques Delors 99  France Socialist President of the European Commission (1985–95)
Javier Solana 82  Spain Socialist Secretary General of NATO (1995–99) and High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (1999–2009)

List of members of the constituent foundations

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Diego Hidalgo 82  Spain (unknown) Founder and President of, and donor to, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE)
Founding Member and Senior Fellow of the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA)[58]
T. Anthony Jones (unknown) (unknown) (unknown) Vice-president and executive director of GFNA[59]
George Matthews (unknown)  United States (unknown) Chairman and co-founder of GFNA[60]
José Manuel Romero Moreno 84  Spain (unknown) Vice President of FRIDE[61]
Cristina Manzano  Spain Director of EsGlobal

Member of FRIDE[62]

List of former members (deceased)

Name Died Nation Party Office(s) held
Jorge Sampaio September 10, 2021(2021-09-10) (aged 81)  Portugal Socialist President of Portugal (1996–2006)
Òscar Ribas Reig December 18, 2020(2020-12-18) (aged 84)  Andorra AND Prime Minister of Andorra (1990–1994)
Tabaré Vázquez December 6, 2020(2020-12-06) (aged 80)  Uruguay PS President of Uruguay (2005–2010, 2015–2020)
Sadiq al-Mahdi November 26, 2020(2020-11-26) (aged 84)  Sudan Umma Prime Minister of Sudan (1966–1967, 1986–1989)
Benjamin Mkapa July 24, 2020(2020-07-24) (aged 81)  Tanzania CCM President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
Abdurrahim El-Keib April 21, 2020(2020-04-21) (aged 70)  Libya None Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2011–2012)
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar March 4, 2020(2020-03-04) (aged 100)  Peru UPP Secretary-General of the United Nations (1982–1991)
President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000–2001)
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie September 11, 2019(2019-09-11) (aged 83)  Indonesia Golkar President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
Belisario Betancur December 7, 2018(2018-12-07) (aged 95)  Colombia Conservative President of Colombia (1982–1986)
Wim Kok October 20, 2018(2018-10-20) (aged 80)  Netherlands Labour Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
Kofi Annan August 18, 2018(2018-08-18) (aged 80)  Ghana None Secretary-General of the United Nations (1997–2006)
Álvaro Arzú April 27, 2018(2018-04-27) (aged 72)  Guatemala Unionist President of Guatemala (1996–2000)
Mayor of Guatemala City (2004–2018)
Ruud Lubbers February 14, 2018(2018-02-14) (aged 78)  Netherlands Christian Democratic Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2001–2005)
Quett Masire June 22, 2017(2017-06-22) (aged 91)  Botswana BDP President of Botswana (1980–1998)
Helmut Kohl 20170616June 16, 2017(2017-06-16) (aged 87)  Germany
 West Germany		 Christian Democratic Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1990)
Chancellor of Germany (1990–1998)
James Mancham 20170108January 8, 2017(2017-01-08) (aged 77)  Seychelles Democratic President of Seychelles (1976–1977)
Mário Soares 20170107January 7, 2017(2017-01-07) (aged 92)  Portugal Socialist Prime Minister of Portugal (1976–1978, 1983–1985)
President of Portugal (1986–1996)
António Mascarenhas Monteiro 20160916September 16, 2016(2016-09-16) (aged 72)  Cape Verde MPD President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
Patricio Aylwin 20160419April 19, 2016(2016-04-19) (aged 87)  Chile PDC President of Chile (1990–1994)
Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani 20151108November 8, 2015(2015-11-08) (aged 81)  Yemen
 North Yemen		 GPC Prime Minister of North Yemen (1980–1983)
Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)
Adolfo Suárez 20140323March 23, 2014(2014-03-23) (aged 81)  Spain
 MN (until 1977)
UCD (1977–82)		 President of the Government of Spain (1976–81)
Tadeusz Mazowiecki 20131028October 28, 2013(2013-10-28) (aged 86)  Poland
PR Poland		 KO "S" (1980–91)
UD (1991–94)		 Prime Minister of Poland (1989–91)
Inder Kumar Gujral 20121130November 30, 2012(2012-11-30) (aged 92)  India Janata Dal Prime Minister of India (1997–98)
Václav Havel 20111218December 18, 2011(2011-12-18) (aged 75)  Czech Republic
 Czechoslovakia		 OF (1989–93)
None (1993–2004)		 President of Czechoslovakia (1989–92)
President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
Ferenc Mádl 20110529May 29, 2011(2011-05-29) (aged 80)  Hungary None President of Hungary (2000–05)
Raúl Alfonsín 20090331March 31, 2009(2009-03-31) (aged 82)  Argentina UCR President of Argentina (1983–89)
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 20080503May 3, 2008(2008-05-03) (aged 82)  Spain UCD President of the Government of Spain (1981–82)
Lennart Meri 20060314March 14, 2006(2006-03-14) (aged 76)  Estonia
 Soviet Union		 Isamaa (since 1992) President of Estonia (1992–2001)
Valentín Paniagua 20061016October 16, 2006(2006-10-16) (aged 70)  Peru AC President of Peru (2000–01)
Fidel V. Ramos July 31, 2022 (age 94)  Philippines Lakas President of the Philippines (1992–1998)

See also

References

  1. ^ https://clubmadrid.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/List-of-members-brochure-CdM-2023-DIGITAL.pdf}}
  2. ^ https://clubmadrid.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/List-of-members-brochure-CdM-2023-DIGITAL.pdf
  3. ^ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  4. ^ a b "Club de Madrid". European Partnership for Democracy (EPD). Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  5. ^ a b Altares, Guillermo (2001-10-27). "Dirigentes mundiales crean el Club de Madrid para ayudar a las democracias incipientes". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  6. ^ "Members | Fernando Henrique Cardoso". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  7. ^ "Biography: Rt. Hon. Kim Campbell | Peter Lougheed Leadership College". www.ualberta.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  8. ^ Taillac, Mathieu de (2006-04-24). "El chileno Ricardo Lagos asume la presidencia del Club de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  9. ^ "María Elena Agüero - GWL VOICES". Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  10. ^ Club de Madrid (2019-10-20). "Danilo Türk is elected new President of Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  11. ^ "Club de Madrid 2002 policy dialogue and I General Assembly, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  12. ^ "About Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  13. ^ "Club de Madrid 2002 policy dialogue and I General Assembly, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  14. ^ "Club de Madrid 2003 policy dialogue, general assembly, governance, IMF". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  15. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2004 Conference, Democracies danger". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  16. ^ "IV General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2005 Conference, post communist". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  17. ^ "Club de Madrid 2005 policy dialogue,Terrorism, Agenda, Global Consensus". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  18. ^ "Club de Madrid 2006 policy dialogue, conference, energy, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  19. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2007 Conference, energy, geopolitics". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  20. ^ "General Assembly, Shared Societies, policy dialogue, club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  21. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, Economic Crisis, policy dialogue 2009". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  22. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, Haiti". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  23. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, digital technologies 11". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  24. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, women 2012, USA". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  25. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, women,shared society". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  26. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, jobs, growth, g20 2013". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  27. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, shared societies". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  28. ^ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, human rights 2014". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  29. ^ "Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, Imperial Springs, belt road". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  30. ^ "2018 Policy Dialogue: Education for Shared Societies". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  31. ^ "2019 Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  32. ^ "2020 Policy Dialogue: Multilateralism that Delivers". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  33. ^ "2021 Policy Dialogue: Rethinking Democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  34. ^ "2022 Policy Dialogue: Leading in a World of Converging Crises". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  35. ^ "2023 Policy Dialogue: Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  36. ^ "Haïti - Politique : Le Club de Madrid en faveur du processus de réforme constitutionnelle - HaitiLibre.com : Toutes les nouvelles d'Haiti 7/7". HaitiLibre.com. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  37. ^ "Club de Madrid: « Un pacte national », la solution". Le Nouvelliste. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  38. ^ Club de Madrid (2020-03-25). "Message from Club de Madrid to the special G20 Leaders' summit on the COVID-19 pandemic". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  39. ^ Club de Madrid (2020-08-09). "Our statement for the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples 2020". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  40. ^ Club de Madrid (2020-08-17). "Statement by the Board of Directors of Club de Madrid on Belarus". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  41. ^ Club de Madrid (2021-02-04). "Club de Madrid strongly condemns coup d'etat in Myanmar". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  42. ^ Club de Madrid (2021-04-14). "Former heads of state and Nobel laureates call on President Biden to waive intellectual property rules for COVID vaccines". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  43. ^ "Tunisia: Club of Madrid calls on Saied to release Hamadi Jebali". Middle East Monitor. 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  44. ^ Club de Madrid (2023-02-24). "One year standing with Ukraine". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  45. ^ Club de Madrid (2023-01-09). "Club de Madrid condemns the violent assault on Brazil's democratic institutions". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  46. ^ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  47. ^ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  48. ^ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  49. ^ "who we are, full members, leadership, heads of State". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  50. ^ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  51. ^ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  52. ^ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  53. ^ "Secretariat". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  54. ^ "Finance". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  55. ^ Roberts, Andrea Suozzo, Ken Schwencke, Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei, Alec Glassford, Brandon (2013-05-09). "Club Of Madrid Foundation Inc - Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. Retrieved 2023-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ "These Are Our Members". clubmadrid.org. Club of Madrid. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  57. ^ a b EP (2010-04-21). "El Club de Madrid elige como secretario general al embajador Carlos Westendorp". Cadena SER (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  58. ^ "Diego Hidalgo". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  59. ^ "Anthony Jones". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  60. ^ "George Matthews". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  61. ^ "José Manuel Romero Moreno". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  62. ^ "Cristina Manzano". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
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