Friars Hole Cave System: Difference between revisions
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| location = [[West Virginia]] |
| location = [[West Virginia]] |
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| length = {{convert|82.5|km|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Gulden |first= Bob |title= USA Longest Caves |date=2022-11-15|url= http://www.caverbob.com/usalong.htm |access-date= 3 July 2023}}</ref> |
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'''Friars Hole Cave System''' is a cave in [[West Virginia]]'s [[Greenbrier County, West Virginia|Greenbrier]] and [[Pocahontas County, West Virginia|Pocahontas]] counties.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Medville|first1=Douglas M.|title=The Friars Hole System|date=2018|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65801-8_8|work=Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia|pages=135–152|editor-last=White|editor-first=William B.|series=Cave and Karst Systems of the World|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65801-8_8|isbn=978-3-319-65801-8|access-date=2021-09-25|last2=Worthington|first2=Stephen R.H.}}</ref> First surveyed in the 1960s,<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=William B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7E_DwAAQBAJ&q=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA152 |title=Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia |date=2017-11-20 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-65801-8 |pages=152 |language=en}}</ref> it is one of the longest in the United States and the world. |
'''Friars Hole Cave System''' is a cave in [[West Virginia]]'s [[Greenbrier County, West Virginia|Greenbrier]] and [[Pocahontas County, West Virginia|Pocahontas]] counties.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Medville|first1=Douglas M.|title=The Friars Hole System|date=2018|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65801-8_8|work=Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia|pages=135–152|editor-last=White|editor-first=William B.|series=Cave and Karst Systems of the World|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-65801-8_8|isbn=978-3-319-65801-8|access-date=2021-09-25|last2=Worthington|first2=Stephen R.H.}}</ref> First surveyed in the 1960s,<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=William B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7E_DwAAQBAJ&q=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA152 |title=Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia |date=2017-11-20 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-65801-8 |pages=152 |language=en}}</ref> it is one of the longest in the United States and the world. |
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Various sources put its total length at 63 km,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Harmon |first1=Russell S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PgLWknupfoC&q=Friars+Hole+Cave&pg=PA24 |title=Perspectives on Karst Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Geochemistry: A Tribute Volume to Derek C. Ford and William B. White |last2=Wicks |first2=Carol M. |last3=Ford |first3=Derek C. |last4=White |first4=William Blaine |date=2006-01-01 |publisher=Geological Society of America |isbn=978-0-8137-2404-1 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> 73.4 km,<ref name=":1" /> 72 km,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gunn|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhiJ10Xx9VwC&q=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA144|title=Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-399-6|pages=143|language=en}}</ref> to 77.4 km long.<ref>{{cite web | author = Bob Gulden | title = Worlds longest caves | publisher = [[National Speleological Society]] (NSS) | work = Geo2 Committee on Long and Deep Caves | url = http://www.caverbob.com/wlong.htm | date = |
Various sources put its total length at 63 km,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Harmon |first1=Russell S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PgLWknupfoC&q=Friars+Hole+Cave&pg=PA24 |title=Perspectives on Karst Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Geochemistry: A Tribute Volume to Derek C. Ford and William B. White |last2=Wicks |first2=Carol M. |last3=Ford |first3=Derek C. |last4=White |first4=William Blaine |date=2006-01-01 |publisher=Geological Society of America |isbn=978-0-8137-2404-1 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> 73.4 km,<ref name=":1" /> 72 km,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gunn|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bhiJ10Xx9VwC&q=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA144|title=Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-399-6|pages=143|language=en}}</ref> to 77.4 km long.<ref>{{cite web | author = Bob Gulden | title = Worlds longest caves | publisher = [[National Speleological Society]] (NSS) | work = Geo2 Committee on Long and Deep Caves | url = http://www.caverbob.com/wlong.htm | date = July 4, 2023 |access-date=2023-07-04}}</ref> The West Virginia Encyclopedia says that 44 miles of the cave have been surveyed, making it the longest cave in the state, the 6th-longest cave in the [[United States]], and the 17th-longest cave in the world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=William|date=28 February 2011|title=Friars Hole Cave|url=https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2071|url-status=live|access-date=25 September 2021|website=The West Virginia Encyclopedia}}</ref> In 2017, William B. White called it is the 31st-longest cave in the world.<ref>{{Cite book|last=White|first=William B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7E_DwAAQBAJ&q=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA152|title=Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia|date=2017-11-20|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-65801-8|pages=6|language=en}}</ref> |
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The cave has ten entrances, five of which are closed:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://var.caves.org/index.php/conservation/closed-caves/closed-cave-list#greenbrier_wv|title=Closed Cave List - National Speleological Society|date=2021-07-25|publisher=National Speleological Society|language=en}}</ref> Friars Hole, Rubber Chicken, Crookshank Pit, Toothpick, Snedegars caves entrances (Snedegars Staircase, Snedegars Saltpeter, Snedegars Stream, Snedegars North), and Canadian Hole, Radio Pit.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=White|first1=William B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alDky3N0CmkC&dq=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA336|title=Encyclopedia of Caves|last2=Culver|first2=David C.|last3=Pipan|first3=Tanja|date=2019-05-10|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-814125-0|pages=334–337|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> |
The cave has ten entrances, five of which are closed:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://var.caves.org/index.php/conservation/closed-caves/closed-cave-list#greenbrier_wv|title=Closed Cave List - National Speleological Society|date=2021-07-25|publisher=National Speleological Society|language=en}}</ref> Friars Hole, Rubber Chicken, Crookshank Pit, Toothpick, Snedegars caves entrances (Snedegars Staircase, Snedegars Saltpeter, Snedegars Stream, Snedegars North), and Canadian Hole, Radio Pit.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=White|first1=William B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alDky3N0CmkC&dq=Friars+Hole+Cave+System&pg=PA336|title=Encyclopedia of Caves|last2=Culver|first2=David C.|last3=Pipan|first3=Tanja|date=2019-05-10|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-814125-0|pages=334–337|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> |
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Revision as of 20:22, 3 July 2023
| Friars Hole Cave System | |
|---|---|
  Friars Hole Cave System Location in West Virginia  Friars Hole Cave System Friars Hole Cave System (the United States) | |
| Location | West Virginia |
| Coordinates | 38°04′02″N 80°19′47″W / 38.067203°N 80.329775°W |
| Depth | 186.8 m (613 ft) |
| Length | 82.5 km (51.3 mi)[1] |
| Discovery | 1950 |
| Geology | Limestone |
| Entrances | 8 |
Friars Hole Cave System is a cave in West Virginia's Greenbrier and Pocahontas counties.[2] First surveyed in the 1960s,[3] it is one of the longest in the United States and the world.
Various sources put its total length at 63 km,[4] 73.4 km,[2] 72 km,[5] to 77.4 km long.[6] The West Virginia Encyclopedia says that 44 miles of the cave have been surveyed, making it the longest cave in the state, the 6th-longest cave in the United States, and the 17th-longest cave in the world.[7] In 2017, William B. White called it is the 31st-longest cave in the world.[8]
The cave has ten entrances, five of which are closed:[9] Friars Hole, Rubber Chicken, Crookshank Pit, Toothpick, Snedegars caves entrances (Snedegars Staircase, Snedegars Saltpeter, Snedegars Stream, Snedegars North), and Canadian Hole, Radio Pit.[7][10][4]
The cave formed in the Mississippian Greenbrier Group. The oldest passage to the cave is said to 4.1 million years old.[11] The cave was formed by streams sinking down into the ground.[12] The minor structures in the cave were influenced by thrust faults.[13]
References
- ^ Gulden, Bob (2022-11-15). "USA Longest Caves". Retrieved 3 July 2023.
- ^ a b Medville, Douglas M.; Worthington, Stephen R.H. (2018), White, William B. (ed.), "The Friars Hole System", Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia, Cave and Karst Systems of the World, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 135–152, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65801-8_8, ISBN 978-3-319-65801-8, retrieved 2021-09-25
- ^ White, William B. (2017-11-20). Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia. Springer. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-319-65801-8.
- ^ a b Harmon, Russell S.; Wicks, Carol M.; Ford, Derek C.; White, William Blaine (2006-01-01). Perspectives on Karst Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Geochemistry: A Tribute Volume to Derek C. Ford and William B. White. Geological Society of America. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8137-2404-1.
- ^ Gunn, John (2004). Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science. Taylor & Francis. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-57958-399-6.
- ^ Bob Gulden (July 4, 2023). "Worlds longest caves". Geo2 Committee on Long and Deep Caves. National Speleological Society (NSS). Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ a b Jones, William (28 February 2011). "Friars Hole Cave". The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ White, William B. (2017-11-20). Caves and Karst of the Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia. Springer. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-319-65801-8.
- ^ "Closed Cave List - National Speleological Society". National Speleological Society. 2021-07-25.
- ^ White, William B.; Culver, David C.; Pipan, Tanja (2019-05-10). Encyclopedia of Caves. Academic Press. pp. 334–337. ISBN 978-0-12-814125-0.
- ^ White, William B.; Culver, David C.; Pipan, Tanja (2019-05-10). Encyclopedia of Caves. Academic Press. pp. 446–449. ISBN 978-0-12-814125-0.
- ^ Gunn, John (2004). Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science. Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-57958-399-6.
- ^ White, William B.; Culver, David C.; Pipan, Tanja (2019-05-10). Encyclopedia of Caves. Academic Press. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-12-814125-0.
See also
External links
- Under A Rock Photography (2017-04-19). "Friars Hole Cave System". Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- "Projects - West Virginia Association for Cave Studies". Retrieved 18 October 2021.