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==Visa requirements map==
==Visa requirements map==
[[File:Visa requirements for Thai citizens.png|upright=3.7|thumb|center|Visa requirements for Thai citizens{{legend|red|Thailand}} {{legend|#22b14c|Visa not required}} {{legend|#b5e61d|Visa obtainable on arrival}} {{legend|#61c09a|eVisa}} {{legend|#79D343|Visa available both on arrival or online}} {{legend|#ababab|Pre-arrival visa required}}]]
[[File:Visa requirements for Thai citizens.png|upright=3.7|thumb|center|Visa requirements for Thai citizens
{{legend|#002377|Thailand}}
{{legend|#22B14C|Visa not required}}
{{legend|#B5E61D|Visa obtainable on arrival}}
{{legend|#61C7A1|eVisa}}
{{legend|#79D343|Visa available both on arrival or online}}
{{legend|#ABABAB|Pre-arrival visa required}}]]


==Visa requirements==
==Visa requirements==

Revision as of 10:33, 9 July 2023

Not to be confused with Visa requirements for Taiwanese citizens.
A Thai passport

Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of January 2022, Thai citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 79 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 64th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Thailand is also a part of ASEAN and has visa-free access to these countries and vice versa.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Thai citizens
  Thailand
  Visa not required
  Visa obtainable on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Pre-arrival visa required

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days No visa required for a stay of 90 days between 20 April and 31 December 2023
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5]
  • There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple entry visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
  • All visitors can stay for 3 months.
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda eVisa[7]
 Argentina Visa not required[8] 90 days
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia Visa required[10] *May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[13] 30 days[14]
 Bahamas Visa required[15]
 Bahrain Visa on arrival[16] 30 days
 Bangladesh Visa required[17]
 Barbados Visa not required[18] 90 days
 Belarus Visa required[19]
  • Visas are issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[20]
 Belgium Visa required[21]
 Belize Visa required[22]
  • Free Visitor's Permit on arrival with valid U.S. visa
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[23][24] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[25]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[26] 30 days
  • Fee $135.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[27]
 Botswana Visa required[28]
 Brazil Visa not required[29] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[30] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa required[31]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[32]
 Burundi Visa required[33]
 Cambodia Visa not required[34] 14 days
 Cameroon Visa required[35]
 Canada Visa required[36]
  • Travellers who have either held a Canadian visa in the last 10 years or who "currently hold a valid United States non-immigrant visa" can now apply for an eTA for up to 6 months instead of a visa when travelling to Canada by air.
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[37]
 Central African Republic Visa required[38]
 Chad Visa required[39]
 Chile Visa not required[40] 90 days
 China Visa required[41]
 Colombia eVisa[42]
  • Visa free for holders of valid visa for Schengen area or the US.[43]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[44] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[45]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[46]
 Costa Rica Visa required[47]
  • Visa free for holders of valid U.S. visa or Canada visa.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[48] 3 months
 Croatia Visa required[49]
 Cuba Tourist Card required[50]
  • Can be acquired from the airline.
 Cyprus Visa required[51]
 Czech Republic Visa required[52]
 Denmark Visa required[53]
 Djibouti eVisa[54] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[55] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[56] 30 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[57] 90 days
 Egypt Visa required[58]
  • Transit Without Visa if Holders of onward tickets for a max transit time of 48 hours (up to 2 days), Leaving the airport is permitted for passengers with transit time longer than 6 hours. Passengers with transit time of less than 6 hours may leave the transit area but not the airport.[59]
 El Salvador Visa required[60]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[61]
 Eritrea Visa required[62]
 Estonia Visa required[63]
 Eswatini Visa required[64]
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[65] 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[68] 120 days
 Finland Visa required[69]
 France Visa required[70]
 Gabon eVisa[71]
 Gambia Visa required[72]
  • An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.[73]
 Georgia Visa not required[74] 1 year
 Germany Visa required[75]
 Ghana Visa required[76]
 Greece Visa required[77]
 Grenada Visa required[78]
 Guatemala Visa required[79]
 Guinea eVisa[80] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[81] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[82]
 Haiti Visa not required[83] 90 days
 Honduras Visa required[84]
 Hungary Visa required[85]
 Iceland Visa required[86]
 India e-Visa[87] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][88]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[89]
 Indonesia Visa not required[90] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[91] 30 days[92]
 Iraq Visa required[93] 15 days
 Ireland Visa required[94]
  • Visa waiver for UK 'C' visa holders until October 2016. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[95]
 Israel Visa required[96]
  • Holders of a confirmation issued by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, traveling in a group of 10 or more can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Italy Visa required[97]
 Jamaica Visa required[98]
 Japan Visa not required[99] 15 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[100] 90 days
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[101] 30 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[102] 90 days
 Kiribati Visa required[103]
 North Korea Visa required[104]
 South Korea Visa not required[105] 90 days
 Kuwait Visa required[106]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[107] 60 days
 Laos Visa not required[108] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[109]
 Lebanon Visa required[110]
 Lesotho eVisa[111][112]
 Liberia Visa required[113]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be obtained on arrival.
 Libya Visa required[114]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[115]
 Lithuania Visa required[116]
 Luxembourg Visa required[117]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[118] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[119][120] 30 days
  • Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 Malaysia Visa not required[121] 30 days
 Maldives Visa not required[122][123] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[124]
 Malta Visa required[125]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[126] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[127]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[128] 60 days
 Mexico Visa required[129]
  • No visa required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, Japan, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State and holders of an APEC Business Travel Card if traveling on business
 Micronesia Visa not required[130] 30 days
 Moldova eVisa[131] 90 days
  • Need invitation letter to apply for eVisa, except for holders of a residence permit or a valid visa (except Transit Visa) issued by an EU Member State or a state party to the Schengen Agreement[132]
 Monaco Visa required[133]
 Mongolia Visa not required[134] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa required[135]
 Morocco eVisa[136] 30 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[137] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[138] 14 days[139]
 Namibia Visa on arrival[140] 3 months
 Nauru Visa on arrival[141]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[142] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[143]
 New Zealand Visa required[144]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[147] 30 days
 Niger Visa required[148]
 Nigeria Visa required[149]
 North Macedonia Visa required[150]
 Norway Visa required[151]
 Oman Visa not required[152] 14 days
 Pakistan Electronic Travel Authorization[153]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[154]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[155]
  • Online Visa eligible.[156]
 Palau Visa on arrival[157] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[158] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[159] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[160]
 Peru Visa not required[161] 180 days
 Philippines Visa not required[162] 30 days
 Poland Visa required[163]
 Portugal Visa required[164]
 Qatar Visa not required[165] 30 days
 Romania Visa required[166]
 Russia Visa not required[167] 30 days
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[168] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[169] 30 days
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[170] 42 days
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[171] 30 days
 Samoa Visa not required[172] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[173]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[174]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[175]
 Senegal Visa on arrival[176] 30 days
 Serbia Visa required[177]
 Seychelles Visa not required[179] 30 days
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[180]
 Singapore Visa not required[181] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[182]
 Slovenia Visa required[183]
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[184] 90 days
 Somalia Visa on arrival[185] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[186] 30 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[187]
  • Obtainable online[188]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[188]
 Spain Visa required[189]
 Sri Lanka Electronic travel authorization[190] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[191]
 Suriname Visa not required[192] 90 days
 Sweden Visa required[193]
  Switzerland Visa required[194]
 Syria Visa required[195]
 Tajikistan Visa not required[196] 30 days
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[197][198] 90 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[199] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[200] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[201]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[202]
 Tunisia Visa required[203]
 Turkey Visa not required[204] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[205]
  • Transit visa is required.
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[206] 30 days
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[207] 90 days
 Ukraine eVisa[209] 30 days
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[210]
  • Electronic visa through specified airlines is available to passengers.
 United Kingdom Visa required[211]
 United States Visa required[212]
 Uruguay Visa required[213]
 Uzbekistan eVisa / Visa on arrival[214][215] 30 days / 15 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[216]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[217] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa required[218]
 Venezuela Visa required[219]
 Vietnam Visa not required[220] 30 days
 Yemen Visa required[221]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[222] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa[223]

Territories and disputed areas

Visa requirements for Thai citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Abkhazia Visa required[224]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[225][226]
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimea Visa not required The same rules as for visiting Russia apply.[227]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[228]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[229] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa required[230]
 Gibraltar Visa required[231]
 Guernsey Visa required[232]
 Isle of Man Visa required[233]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[234] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[235]
 Jersey Visa required[236]
 Kosovo Visa required[237]
  • Visa is not required for holders of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa , a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[238]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[239][240] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[241]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[242]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[243][244]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[245][246]
Africa
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[247]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[248]
 Mayotte Visa required[249]
 Réunion Visa required[249]
 Ascension Island eVisa[250][251]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena eVisa[252][253]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[254]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[255][256]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[257]
Asia
China Hainan Visa not required[258] 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
Visa not required for 30 days for traveling on an organized tour in a tourist group of 5 or more people.[259]
 Hong Kong Visa not required[260] 30 days
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[261][262][263][264][265]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[266]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[267]
 Macao Visa not required[268] 30 days
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[269]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[270] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[271]
 Republic of China (Taiwan) Visa not required[272] 14 days (Temporary measure only; valid until 31 July 2021.[273] Also Visitor Visa for Tourism Purposes for 30 days.[274]
  • Visa applications must be done online and submitted to a Taipei Economic and Cultural Office.[275]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[276][277][278]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana'a or Aden.[279]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
 Anguilla Visa required[280]
 Aruba Visa required[281] Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[282]
 Bermuda Visa not required 90 days.
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa required[283] Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[282]
 British Virgin Islands Visa required[284] Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
 Cayman Islands Visa required[285] Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[286] Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[287]
 Curacao Visa required[288] Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[282]
France French Guiana Visa required[289]
France French West Indies Visa required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[290]
 Greenland Visa required[230]
 Montserrat eVisa[291] Multiple entry eVisa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure.
 Puerto Rico Visa required[292]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa required[249]
 Sint Maarten Visa required[293] Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[282]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[294] Visa required as of 1 April 2015.
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[295]
Oceania
 American Samoa Entry permit required[296]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[297]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[298]
 Cook Islands Visa not required[299] 31 days[300]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[301]
 French Polynesia Visa required[302]
 Guam Visa required[303]
 New Caledonia Visa required[249]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[304]
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[305]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[306][307][308]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa required[249]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
 Falkland Islands Visa required[316]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[317][318]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Bouvet Island Bouvet Island, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[331]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[332]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[333] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[334] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[335]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[336][337]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[338][339] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[340]

Some countries, such as Japan,[341] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[342] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[343] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[344] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[345] Philippines,[346] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[347]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[348] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[349] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[350]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[351] Lebanon,[352] Libya,[353] and Yemen[354] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[355]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[356][357] Argentina,[358] Brunei, Cambodia,[359] China,[360] Ethiopia,[361] Ghana, Guinea,[362] India, Japan,[363][364] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[365] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[366] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[367] Singapore, South Korea,[368] Taiwan, Thailand,[369] Uganda,[370] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[371][372][373] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[374]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[375] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[376][377] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[378] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[379][380]

See also

References and notes

References
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  371. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  372. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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