Calmness: Difference between revisions
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[[File:A calm by James Gillray.jpg|thumb|right|''A Calm'', by [[James Gillray]]]] |
[[File:A calm by James Gillray.jpg|thumb|right|''A Calm'', by [[James Gillray]]]] |
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[[File:Abbot of Watkungtaphao in Phu Soidao Waterfall.jpg|thumb|200px|Doing [[meditation]] could help people be in a calm state.]] |
[[File:Abbot of Watkungtaphao in Phu Soidao Waterfall.jpg|thumb|200px|Doing [[meditation]] could help people be in a calm state.]] |
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'''Calmness''' is the mental state of [[Inner peace|peace of mind]], being free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calmness|title=calm|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> It also refers being in a state of serenity, tranquillity, or peace.<ref name="a1" >{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Calmness|title=calmness|work=The Free Dictionary|access-date=2016-04-01}}</ref> Calmness can most easily occur for the average person during a state of relaxation, but it can also be found during much more alert and aware states.<ref>{{cite book|first=Aaron|last=Ben-Ze’er|title=The Subtlety of Emotions|year=2001|page=57}}</ref> Some people find that focusing the mind on something external, such as studying, or internal, such as breathing, can be very calming. |
'''Calmness''' is the mental state of [[Inner peace|peace of mind]], being free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance.<ref name=webster>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calmness|title=calm|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> It also refers being in a state of serenity, tranquillity, or peace.<ref name="a1" >{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Calmness|title=calmness|work=The Free Dictionary|access-date=2016-04-01}}</ref> Calmness can most easily occur for the average person during a state of relaxation, but it can also be found during much more alert and aware states.<ref>{{cite book|first=Aaron|last=Ben-Ze’er|title=The Subtlety of Emotions|year=2001|page=57}}</ref> Some people find that focusing the mind on something external, such as studying, or internal, such as breathing, can be very calming. |
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==Childhood origins== |
==Childhood origins== |
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==Peace of mind== |
==Peace of mind== |
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Another term |
Another term associated with calmness is "[[peace]]".{{r|webster}} A mind that is at peace or calm will cause the body to produce less stress hormones; this in turn gives the person a stable emotional state and promotes good health in every area of life, including [[marriage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98658&page=2|title=Study: Bad Hormones Lead to Bad Marriages|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|access-date=2016-04-01}}</ref> It is beneficial to stay calm, especially during stressful events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apa.org/topics/anger/control|title=Controlling Anger — Before It Controls You|work=APA Psychology Topics|date=3 March 2022|access-date=2016-04-01}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The term comes from [[Middle English]] calme, from [[Old French]], from [[Old Italian]] calmo, from [[Late Latin]] cauma, "heat of the day", the "resting place in the heat of the day", from Greek kauma, burning heat, from kaiein, to burn.<ref name="a1" /> |
The term comes from [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|calme}}, from [[Old French]], from [[Old Italian]] {{lang|it|calmo}}, from [[Late Latin]] {{lang|la|cauma}}, "heat of the day", the "resting place in the heat of the day", from Greek {{transliteration|grc|kauma}}, burning heat, from {{transliteration|grc|kaiein}}, to burn.<ref name="a1" /> |
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==Cultural examples== |
==Cultural examples== |
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*[[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon]] praised [[Boethius]]: “the sage who could artfully combine in the same work, the various riches of philosophy, poetry, and eloquence, must already have possessed the intrepid calmness, which he affected to seek”.<ref> |
*[[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon]] praised [[Boethius]]: “the sage who could artfully combine in the same work, the various riches of philosophy, poetry, and eloquence, must already have possessed the intrepid calmness, which he affected to seek”.<ref>{{cite book|first=Edward|last=Gibbon|year=2005|title=Abridged Decline and Fall|publisher=Penguin|page=444}}</ref> |
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*[[Raymond A. Spruance|Rear Admiral Spruance]], carrier commander at the [[Battle of Midway]], was nicknamed Electric Brain because of his calmness in the hottest action.<ref>R |
*[[Raymond A. Spruance|Rear Admiral Spruance]], carrier commander at the [[Battle of Midway]], was nicknamed "Electric Brain" because of his calmness in the hottest action.<ref>{{cite book|first=R.|last=Overy|title=Why the Allies Won|location=London|year=2006|page=46}}</ref> |
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*[[Lord David Cecil]] saw [[Wuthering Heights]] as dominated by the contrast between what he called on the one hand “the principle of storm...and on the other, the principle of calm – of the gentle, the merciful, the passive, and the tame”.<ref>Quoted in R |
*[[Lord David Cecil]] saw [[Wuthering Heights]] as dominated by the contrast between what he called on the one hand “the principle of storm... and on the other, the principle of calm – of the gentle, the merciful, the passive, and the tame”.<ref>Quoted in {{cite book|first=R.|last=Wallace|title=Emily Bronte and Beethoven|year=2008|page=49}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 14:21, 15 July 2023
Calmness is the mental state of peace of mind, being free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance.[1] It also refers being in a state of serenity, tranquillity, or peace.[2] Calmness can most easily occur for the average person during a state of relaxation, but it can also be found during much more alert and aware states.[3] Some people find that focusing the mind on something external, such as studying, or internal, such as breathing, can be very calming.
Childhood origins
Parental soothing (by rocking, holding, etc.) in infancy lays the foundations of the capacity to self-calm.[4] Thereafter transitional objects can help maintain calmness,[5] while pets as self-objects[clarification needed] also promote soothing and calm.[6]
Cultivating calmness
Calmness is a quality that can be cultivated and increased with practice,[7][better source needed] or developed through psychotherapy.[8] It usually requires training for one's mind to stay calm in the face of a great deal of different stimulation, and possible distractions, especially emotional ones. The negative emotions are the greatest challenge to someone who is attempting to cultivate a calm mind. Some disciplines that promote and develop calmness are prayer, yoga, tai chi, martial arts, theatre arts, gardening,[9] relaxation training, breath training, and meditation. Jon Kabat-Zinn states that "Your mindfulness will only be as robust as the capacity of your mind to be calm and stable. Without calmness, the mirror of mindfulness will have an agitated and choppy surface and will not be able to reflect things with any accuracy."[10][better source needed]
Sarah Wilson recommends reducing one's exposure to choices/decisions as a route to calm.[11][clarification needed]
Peace of mind
Another term associated with calmness is "peace".[1] A mind that is at peace or calm will cause the body to produce less stress hormones; this in turn gives the person a stable emotional state and promotes good health in every area of life, including marriage.[12] It is beneficial to stay calm, especially during stressful events.[13]
Etymology
The term comes from Middle English calme, from Old French, from Old Italian calmo, from Late Latin cauma, "heat of the day", the "resting place in the heat of the day", from Greek kauma, burning heat, from kaiein, to burn.[2]
Cultural examples
- Gibbon praised Boethius: “the sage who could artfully combine in the same work, the various riches of philosophy, poetry, and eloquence, must already have possessed the intrepid calmness, which he affected to seek”.[14]
- Rear Admiral Spruance, carrier commander at the Battle of Midway, was nicknamed "Electric Brain" because of his calmness in the hottest action.[15]
- Lord David Cecil saw Wuthering Heights as dominated by the contrast between what he called on the one hand “the principle of storm... and on the other, the principle of calm – of the gentle, the merciful, the passive, and the tame”.[16]
See also
Look up calmness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Calmness.
References
- ^ a b "calm". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ a b "calmness". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
- ^ Ben-Ze’er, Aaron (2001). The Subtlety of Emotions. p. 57.
- ^ Schore, Allan N. (1994). Affect Regulation and the Origin of Self. Hillsdale. p. 226.
- ^ Winnicott, D.W. (1973). The Child, the Family, and the Outside World. Penguin. pp. 168–69.
- ^ Blazina, Christopher; Boyraz, Guler; Shen-Miller, David, eds. (2011). The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond. Springer. p. 154.
- ^ "The Psychology of Cool, Calm, & Collected". December 3, 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
- ^ Goleman, Daniel (1996). Emotional Intelligence. London. p. 214.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Thompson, Richard (2018). "past president". Clinical Medicine. 18 (3). Royal College of Physicians, London: 201–205. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.18-3-201. PMC 6334070. PMID 29858428.
- ^ "Calmness Quotes". www.goodreads.com.
- ^ Wilson, Sarah (2018). First, We Make the Beast Beautiful: A New Journey Through Anxiety. London: Dey Street Books. pp. 210–11.
- ^ ABC News. "Study: Bad Hormones Lead to Bad Marriages". ABC News. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
- ^ "Controlling Anger — Before It Controls You". APA Psychology Topics. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
- ^ Gibbon, Edward (2005). Abridged Decline and Fall. Penguin. p. 444.
- ^ Overy, R. (2006). Why the Allies Won. London. p. 46.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Quoted in Wallace, R. (2008). Emily Bronte and Beethoven. p. 49.
