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{{Short description|French-American planetary scientist}}
{{Short description|French-American planetary scientist}}


'''Nicolas Dauphas''' (born December 10, 1975) is a French-American<ref name="marty 2005"/><ref>{{cite news |editor=Michael K. Weisberg |title=Supplement to ''Meteoritics & Planetary Science'': New Society Fellows for 2016 |work=The Meteoritical Society Newsletter |url=https://meteoritical.org/application/files/9916/0210/4018/The_Meteoritical_Society_Newsletter_2016.pdf |volume=51 |issue=11 |date=November 2016 |page=13}}</ref> planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is the Louis Block professor<ref name="Mars Moon samples"/><ref>Other sources which include "Louis Block professor":
'''Nicolas Dauphas''' is a French planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is professor of [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] at the [[University of Chicago]]. His research focuses on [[isotope geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]]. He studies the origin and evolution of planets and other objects in the solar system by analyzing the natural distributions of elements and their isotopes using mass spectrometers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} originslab.uchicago.edu |url=https://originslab.uchicago.edu/content/people |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=originslab.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
* {{cite news |title=Study of the Moon in Space - Cosmochemists Find Evidence for Unstable Heavy Element at Solar System Formation |url=http://oxfordvirtual.com/focused-light-in-the-terahertz-regime-consisting-of-a-broad-spectrum-of-wavelengths/ |work=Oxford Virtual |date=n.d.}}
* {{cite news |title=Cosmochemists find evidence of rare element in early solar system |url=https://www.geologypage.com/2016/03/cosmochemists-find-evidence-of-rare-element-in-early-solar-system.html |work=Geology Page |date=5 March 2016}}
* {{cite web |last1=Dauphas |first1=Nicolas |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.originslab.uchicago.edu/uploads/b/c1087a10-474a-11ed-959e-df2d09acec97/dauphas_cv_NDE1MT.pdf |date=April 21, 2023}}</ref> of [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] in the Department of the [[Geophysical Sciences]] and [[Enrico Fermi Institute]] at the [[University of Chicago]].<ref name= "uchi geo">{{Cite web |title=Geophysical Sciences: People |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/people/nicolas-dauphas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Department of the Geophysical Sciences|publisher=University of Chicago}}
* C. V. {{cite web |last1=Dauphas |first1=Nicolas |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.originslab.uchicago.edu/uploads/b/c1087a10-474a-11ed-959e-df2d09acec97/dauphas_cv_NDE1MT.pdf |date=April 21, 2023}}</ref> His research focuses on [[isotope geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]].<ref name= "uchi geo"/> He studies the origin and evolution of planets and other objects in the solar system by analyzing the natural distributions of elements and their isotopes using mass spectrometers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us: Origins Lab, UChicago – People |url=https://www.originslab.uchicago.edu/people |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Origins Laboratory, The University of Chicago}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
Born on December 10, 1975, in Nantes, Brittany, France, Dauphas received a B.Sc. degree from [[École Nationale Supérieure de Géologie]] in Nancy, France in 1998. He obtained a Ph.D. in [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] from [[National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine|Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine]] in 2002, working with Bernard Marty and Laurie Reisberg.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marty |first=Bernard |date=2005-08-30 |title=2005 Nier Prize for Nicolas Dauphas |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x |journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science |language=en |volume=40 |issue=S8 |pages=A7–A8 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x|s2cid=128748675 }}</ref> He then completed his postdoctoral research at the [[Enrico Fermi Institute]] of the [[University of Chicago]] and the [[Field Museum of Natural History]] from 2002 to 2004, before joining the faculty at the [[University of Chicago]] in 2004. In 2007, he was awarded the [[David and Lucile Packard Foundation]] Fellowship, given to nationwide, most promising early-career scientists and engineers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dauphas, Nicolas |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/fellowship-directory/dauphas-nicolas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
Born in [[Nantes]], Brittany, France, Dauphas received a B.Sc. degree from [[École Nationale Supérieure de Géologie]] in Nancy, France in 1998. He obtained a Ph.D. in [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] from the [[National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine]] ({{lang-fr|L'Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine}}) in 2002, working with Bernard Marty<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Marty publications, indexed |url=https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=qudu25sAAAAJ&hl=fr |website=Google Scholar |language=fr}}</ref> and Laurie Reisberg<ref name="marty 2005">{{Cite journal |last=Marty |first=Bernard |date=2005-08-30 |title=2005 Nier Prize for Nicolas Dauphas |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x |journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science |language=en |volume=40 |issue=S8 |pages=A7–A8 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x|s2cid=128748675 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Laurie Reisberg publications, indexed|url=https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=zfhj6toAAAAJ&hl=fr |website=Google Scholar |language=fr}}</ref> He then completed his postdoctoral research at the Enrico Fermi Institute of the University of Chicago and the [[Field Museum of Natural History]] from 2002 to 2004, before joining the faculty at the University of Chicago in 2004.


===Recognition and awards===
Dauphas was part of the preliminary examination team for [[JAXA]]'s [[Hayabusa2]] mission,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Asteroid Samples Reveal Long Journey through the Solar System |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/asteroid-samples-reveal-long-journey-through-the-solar-system/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sky & Telescope |language=en-US}}</ref> which returned a fragment of [[162173 Ryugu|Ryugu]] [[carbonaceous asteroid]] to Earth for scientific research. He was selected as a member of the Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agle |first=DC |title=NASA, Partner Establish New Research Group for Mars Sample Return Program |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-partner-establish-new-research-group-for-mars-sample-return-program |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2005, Dauphas was awarded Nier Prize of [[the Meteoritical Society]] which recognizes outstanding research in meteoritics and closely allied fields by young scientists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nier Prize Winners |url=https://meteoritical.org/nier-prize |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=meteoritical.org |language=en}}</ref> In 2007, he was awarded the [[David and Lucile Packard Foundation]] Fellowship, given to most promising early-career scientists and engineers, nationwide.<ref>David and Lucile Packard Foundation–
* Record of fellowship award: {{Cite web |title=2007 Fellow: Dauphas, Nicolas |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/fellowship-directory/dauphas-nicolas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |language=en-US}}
* Award overview: {{cite web |title=About the Packard Fellowship Awards |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/about-the-packard-fellowship-awards/ |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |access-date=14 July 2023 |date=n.d.}}
* Fellowship criteria {{cite web |title=Packard Fellowships for Science and Engineering |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/ |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |access-date=14 July 2023 |quote=Providing the nation's most promising early-career scientists and engineers with flexible funding and the freedom to take risks and explore new frontiers in their fields of study.}}</ref> He won the 2008 [[Houtermans Award]], given by the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] for outstanding contributions to geochemistry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.G. Houtermans Award |website=European Association of Geochemistry |url=https://www.eag.eu.com/awards/houtermans-award/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was awarded the [[James B. Macelwane Medal]] of the [[American Geophysical Union]] (AGU) for "significant contributions to the geophysical sciences",<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicolas Dauphas 2011 James B. Macelwane Medal Winner |url=https://honors.agu.org/winners/nicolas-dauphas/ |website=American Geophysical Union Honors Program |access-date=2022-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> and was selected as an AGU Fellow in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dauphas |url=https://honors.agu.org/honorsfellow/1577-dauphas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=American Geophysical Union Honors Program |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2014, he became a Fellow of [[the Meteoritical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellows |url=https://meteoritical.org/awards/fellows |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Meteoritical Society |language=en}}</ref> He was one of the finalists in 2017 for the Blavatnik National Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=America's Top Young Researchers Named Finalists for 2017 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists |website=Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists |url=http://blavatnikawards.org/news/items/americas-top-young-researchers-named-finalists-2017-blavatnik-national-awards-young-scientists/ |access-date=2022-12-09}}</ref>

In 2019, Dauphas was elected Geochemical Fellow of the [[Geochemical Society]] and the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] in recognition of his career contribution to the field of geochemistry.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof. Nicolas Dauphas Elected Geochemical Fellow |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/news/article/prof.-nicolas-dauphas-elected-geochemical-fellow |work=Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events |publisher=UChicago |date=February 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Geochemistry Fellows |website=Geochemical Society |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/honors/awards/geochemistryfellows |access-date=2022-12-09}}</ref>


== Research activities ==
== Research activities ==
By analyzing the isotopic compositions of stable and [[radiogenic nuclide]]s in meteorites, Dauphas investigates the timing and processes that lead to the formation of Solar System bodies and the establishment of habitable conditions on Earth and Mars. He used iron isotopes to study how the iron [[biogeochemical cycle]] of the Earth changed through time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |title=Primordial rocks may hold the signature of life |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424794-300-primordial-rocks-may-hold-the-signature-of-life/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref> He established that Mars was formed rapidly, within the first 2~4 million years of the birth of the Solar System, which explains the much smaller size of Mars compared to Earth and Venus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brandon |first=Alan |date=2011-05-25 |title=Building a planet in record time |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/473460a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=473 |issue=7348 |pages=460–461 |doi=10.1038/473460a |pmid=21614071 |s2cid=205064708 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> He first identified the mineralogical carrier of the <sup>54</sup>Cr isotopic anomalies in meteorites as Cr-rich nano-sized [[spinel]]s from supernovae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSRD: Supernova Confetti in Meteorites |url=http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Nov10/supernova-nanoparticles.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.psrd.hawaii.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> He constrained the nature of Earth’s accreting materials through time, using a novel approach that relies on the different affinities of elements with Earth's core, and showed that the materials formed Earth are from an isotopically homogeneous reservoir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlson |first=Richard W. |date=2017-01-16 |title=Earth's building blocks |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/541468a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=541 |issue=7638 |pages=468–469 |doi=10.1038/541468a |pmid=28128233 |s2cid=4386036 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
By analyzing the isotopic compositions of stable and [[radiogenic nuclide]]s in meteorites, Dauphas investigates the timing and processes that lead to the formation of Solar System bodies and the establishment of habitable conditions on Earth and Mars. He used iron isotopes to study how the iron [[biogeochemical cycle]] of the Earth changed through time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |title=Primordial rocks may hold the signature of life |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424794-300-primordial-rocks-may-hold-the-signature-of-life/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref> He established that Mars was formed rapidly, within the first 2~4 million years of the birth of the Solar System, which explains the much smaller size of Mars compared to Earth and Venus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brandon |first=Alan |date=2011-05-25 |title=Building a planet in record time |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/473460a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=473 |issue=7348 |pages=460–461 |doi=10.1038/473460a |pmid=21614071 |s2cid=205064708 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> He first identified the mineralogical carrier of the <sup>54</sup>Cr isotopic anomalies in meteorites as Cr-rich nano-sized [[spinel]]s from supernovae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSRD: Supernova Confetti in Meteorites |url=http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Nov10/supernova-nanoparticles.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.psrd.hawaii.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> He constrained the nature of Earth’s accreting materials through time, using a novel approach that relies on the different affinities of elements with Earth's core, and showed that the materials formed Earth are from an isotopically homogeneous reservoir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlson |first=Richard W. |date=2017-01-16 |title=Earth's building blocks |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/541468a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=541 |issue=7638 |pages=468–469 |doi=10.1038/541468a |pmid=28128233 |s2cid=4386036 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Samples From Asteroid Ryugu Help Us Learn About Earth's Origins |url=https://www.nationaltribune.com.au/samples-from-asteroid-ryugu-help-us-learn-about-earth-s-origins/ |work=The National Tribune |date=19 December 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

Dauphas was part of the preliminary examination team for [[JAXA]]'s [[Hayabusa2]] mission,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Asteroid Samples Reveal Long Journey through the Solar System |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/asteroid-samples-reveal-long-journey-through-the-solar-system/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sky & Telescope |language=en-US}}</ref> which returned a fragment of [[162173 Ryugu|Ryugu]] [[carbonaceous asteroid]] to Earth for scientific research. He was selected as a member of the Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agle |first=DC |title=NASA, Partner Establish New Research Group for Mars Sample Return Program |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-partner-establish-new-research-group-for-mars-sample-return-program |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Mars Moon samples">{{cite news |title=Professor Nicholas Dauphas Selected to Analyze Samples to Be Brought Back from Mars Moon |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/news/t-c-chamberlin-postdoctoral-fellowships-geophysical-sciences/P6/#!view/day |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events |publisher=UChicago |date=April 18, 2023|quote=Louis Block Professor Nicholas Dauphas has been selected by NASA to join the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission as a NASA-supported participating scientist.}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZGlZ6DUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Nicolas Dauphas publications indexed by Google Scholar]
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZGlZ6DUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Nicolas Dauphas publications indexed by Google Scholar]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O5hoPOKfAU Nicolas Dauphas - AGU Fall Meeting 2018 - The Daly Lecture]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O5hoPOKfAU Nicolas Dauphas - AGU Fall Meeting 2018 - The Daly Lecture]
* [https://geosci.uchicago.edu/ University of Chicago, Department of the Geophysical Sciences]


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[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Lorraine alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:Planetary scientists]]
[[Category:Geochemists]]

Revision as of 19:32, 15 July 2023

Nicolas Dauphas (born December 10, 1975) is a French-American[1][2] planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is the Louis Block professor[3][4] of geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago.[5] His research focuses on isotope geochemistry and cosmochemistry.[5] He studies the origin and evolution of planets and other objects in the solar system by analyzing the natural distributions of elements and their isotopes using mass spectrometers.[6]

Career

Born in Nantes, Brittany, France, Dauphas received a B.Sc. degree from École Nationale Supérieure de Géologie in Nancy, France in 1998. He obtained a Ph.D. in geochemistry and cosmochemistry from the National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (Template:Lang-fr) in 2002, working with Bernard Marty[7] and Laurie Reisberg[1][8] He then completed his postdoctoral research at the Enrico Fermi Institute of the University of Chicago and the Field Museum of Natural History from 2002 to 2004, before joining the faculty at the University of Chicago in 2004.

Recognition and awards

In 2005, Dauphas was awarded Nier Prize of the Meteoritical Society which recognizes outstanding research in meteoritics and closely allied fields by young scientists.[9] In 2007, he was awarded the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship, given to most promising early-career scientists and engineers, nationwide.[10] He won the 2008 Houtermans Award, given by the European Association of Geochemistry for outstanding contributions to geochemistry.[11] He was awarded the James B. Macelwane Medal of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) for "significant contributions to the geophysical sciences",[12] and was selected as an AGU Fellow in 2011.[13] In 2014, he became a Fellow of the Meteoritical Society.[14] He was one of the finalists in 2017 for the Blavatnik National Awards.[15]

In 2019, Dauphas was elected Geochemical Fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry in recognition of his career contribution to the field of geochemistry.[16][17]

Research activities

By analyzing the isotopic compositions of stable and radiogenic nuclides in meteorites, Dauphas investigates the timing and processes that lead to the formation of Solar System bodies and the establishment of habitable conditions on Earth and Mars. He used iron isotopes to study how the iron biogeochemical cycle of the Earth changed through time.[18] He established that Mars was formed rapidly, within the first 2~4 million years of the birth of the Solar System, which explains the much smaller size of Mars compared to Earth and Venus.[19] He first identified the mineralogical carrier of the 54Cr isotopic anomalies in meteorites as Cr-rich nano-sized spinels from supernovae.[20] He constrained the nature of Earth’s accreting materials through time, using a novel approach that relies on the different affinities of elements with Earth's core, and showed that the materials formed Earth are from an isotopically homogeneous reservoir.[21][22]

Dauphas was part of the preliminary examination team for JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission,[23] which returned a fragment of Ryugu carbonaceous asteroid to Earth for scientific research. He was selected as a member of the Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group in 2022.[24][3]

References

  1. ^ a b Marty, Bernard (2005-08-30). "2005 Nier Prize for Nicolas Dauphas". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 40 (S8): A7–A8. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x. S2CID 128748675.
  2. ^ Michael K. Weisberg, ed. (November 2016). "Supplement to Meteoritics & Planetary Science: New Society Fellows for 2016" (PDF). The Meteoritical Society Newsletter. Vol. 51, no. 11. p. 13.
  3. ^ a b "Professor Nicholas Dauphas Selected to Analyze Samples to Be Brought Back from Mars Moon". Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events. UChicago. April 18, 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023. Louis Block Professor Nicholas Dauphas has been selected by NASA to join the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission as a NASA-supported participating scientist.
  4. ^ Other sources which include "Louis Block professor":
  5. ^ a b "Geophysical Sciences: People". Department of the Geophysical Sciences. University of Chicago. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  6. ^ "About Us: Origins Lab, UChicago – People". Origins Laboratory, The University of Chicago. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  7. ^ "Bernard Marty publications, indexed". Google Scholar (in French).
  8. ^ "Laurie Reisberg publications, indexed". Google Scholar (in French).
  9. ^ "Nier Prize Winners". meteoritical.org. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  10. ^ David and Lucile Packard Foundation–
  11. ^ "F.G. Houtermans Award". European Association of Geochemistry. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  12. ^ "Nicolas Dauphas 2011 James B. Macelwane Medal Winner". American Geophysical Union Honors Program. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  13. ^ "Dauphas". American Geophysical Union Honors Program. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  14. ^ "Fellows". Meteoritical Society. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  15. ^ "America's Top Young Researchers Named Finalists for 2017 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists". Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  16. ^ "Prof. Nicolas Dauphas Elected Geochemical Fellow". Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events. UChicago. February 13, 2019.
  17. ^ "Geochemistry Fellows". Geochemical Society. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
  18. ^ Hecht, Jeff. "Primordial rocks may hold the signature of life". New Scientist. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  19. ^ Brandon, Alan (2011-05-25). "Building a planet in record time". Nature. 473 (7348): 460–461. doi:10.1038/473460a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 21614071. S2CID 205064708.
  20. ^ "PSRD: Supernova Confetti in Meteorites". www.psrd.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  21. ^ Carlson, Richard W. (2017-01-16). "Earth's building blocks". Nature. 541 (7638): 468–469. doi:10.1038/541468a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 28128233. S2CID 4386036.
  22. ^ "Samples From Asteroid Ryugu Help Us Learn About Earth's Origins". The National Tribune. 19 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Asteroid Samples Reveal Long Journey through the Solar System". Sky & Telescope. 2022-10-24. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  24. ^ Agle, DC. "NASA, Partner Establish New Research Group for Mars Sample Return Program". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Retrieved 2022-06-14.