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| birth_name = William David Friedkin
| birth_name = William David Friedkin
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1935|8|29}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1935|8|29}}
| birth_place = Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|8|7|1935|8|29}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|8|7|1935|8|29}}
| death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| death_place = [[Bel Air, Los Angeles|Bel-Air]], [[California]], U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter}}
| education = [[Senn High School]]
| education = [[Senn High School]]

Revision as of 23:43, 7 August 2023

William Friedkin
Friedkin in 2017
Born
William David Friedkin

(1935-08-29)August 29, 1935
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedAugust 7, 2023(2023-08-07) (aged 87)
Bel-Air, California, U.S.
EducationSenn High School
Occupations
  • Director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
Years active1962–2023
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1977; div. 1979)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1982; div. 1985)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1987; div. 1990)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1991)​
Children2
Signature

William David Friedkin (August 29, 1935 – August 7, 2023) was an American film and television director, producer, and screenwriter closely identified with the "New Hollywood" movement of the 1970s.[1][2] Beginning his career in documentaries in the early 1960s, he directed the crime thriller film The French Connection (1971), which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Director for himself, and the supernatural horror film The Exorcist (1973), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director.

His other films included the drama The Boys in the Band (1970), the thriller Sorcerer (1977), the crime comedy drama The Brink's Job (1978), the crime thriller Cruising (1980),[3][4] the neo-noir thriller To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), the psychological horror film Bug (2006), and the black comedy Killer Joe (2011).

Early life and education

Friedkin was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August 29, 1935,[5] the son of Rachael (née Green) and Louis Friedkin. His father was a semi-professional softball player, merchant seaman, and men's clothing salesman. His mother, whom Friedkin called "a saint", was an operating room registered nurse.[5] His parents were Jewish emigrants from Ukraine.[6] His grandparents, parents, and other relatives fled Ukraine during a particularly violent anti-Jewish pogrom in 1903.[7] Friedkin's father was somewhat uninterested in making money, and the family was generally lower middle class while he was growing up.[5] According to film historian Peter Biskind, "Friedkin viewed his father with a mixture of affection and contempt for not making more of himself."[5] According to his memoir, The Friedkin Connection, Friedkin had the utmost affection for his father.[citation needed]

After attending public schools in Chicago, Friedkin enrolled at Senn High School, where he played basketball well enough to consider turning professional.[8] He was not a serious student and barely received grades good enough to graduate,[9] which he did at the age of 16.[10] He said this was because of social promotion and not because he was bright.[11]

Friedkin began going to movies as a teenager,[8] and cited Citizen Kane as one of his key influences. Several sources claim that Friedkin saw this motion picture as a teenager,[12] but Friedkin himself said that he did not see the film until 1960, when he was 25 years old. Only then, Friedkin said, did he become a true cineaste.[13] Among the movies which he also saw as a teenager and young adult were Les Diaboliques, The Wages of Fear (which many consider he remade as Sorcerer), and Psycho (which he viewed repeatedly, like Citizen Kane). Televised documentaries such as 1960's Harvest of Shame were also important to his developing sense of cinema.[8]

Friedkin began working in the mail room at WGN-TV immediately after high school.[14] Within two years (at the age of 18),[15] he started his directorial career doing live television shows and documentaries.[16] His efforts included The People vs. Paul Crump (1962), which won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival and contributed to the commutation of Crump's death sentence.[15][17] Its success helped Friedkin get a job with producer David L. Wolper.[15] He also made the football-themed documentary Mayhem on a Sunday Afternoon.[18]

Career

1965–1979

As mentioned in his voice-over commentary on the DVD re-release of Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo, Friedkin directed one of the last episodes of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour in 1965, called "Off Season". Hitchcock admonished Friedkin for not wearing a tie while directing.[19]

In 1965, Friedkin moved to Hollywood and two years later released his first feature film, Good Times starring Sonny and Cher. He has referred to the film as "unwatchable".[20] Several other "art" films followed: The Birthday Party, based on an unpublished screenplay by Harold Pinter, which he adapted from his own play; the musical comedy The Night They Raided Minsky's, starring Jason Robards and Britt Ekland; and the adaptation of Mart Crowley's play The Boys in the Band.[citation needed]

Friedkin and others during the filming of the Exorcist
From left: Friedkin, Owen Roizman and William Peter Blatty on set of The Exorcist

His next film, The French Connection, was released to wide critical acclaim in 1971. Shot in a gritty style more suited for documentaries than Hollywood features, the film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.[21] Friedkin's next film was 1973's The Exorcist, based on William Peter Blatty's best-selling novel, which revolutionized the horror genre and is considered by some critics to be one of the greatest horror movies of all time. The Exorcist was nominated for 10 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. It won for Best Screenplay and Best Sound. Following these two pictures, Friedkin, along with Francis Ford Coppola and Peter Bogdanovich, was deemed one of the premier directors of New Hollywood. In 1973, the trio announced the formation of an independent production company at Paramount Pictures, The Directors Company. Whereas Coppola directed The Conversation and Bogdanovich, the Henry James adaptation, Daisy Miller, Friedkin abruptly left the company, which was soon closed by Paramount.[22]

Friedkin's later movies did not achieve the same success. Sorcerer (1977), a $22 million American remake of the French classic The Wages of Fear, co-produced by both Universal and Paramount, starring Roy Scheider, was overshadowed by the blockbuster box-office success of Star Wars, which had been released exactly one week prior.[21] Friedkin considered it his finest film, and was personally devastated by its financial and critical failure (as mentioned by Friedkin himself in the 1999 documentary series The Directors). Sorcerer was shortly followed by the crime-comedy The Brink's Job (1978), based on the real-life Great Brink's Robbery in Boston, Massachusetts, which was also unsuccessful at the box-office.[citation needed]

1980–1999

In 1980, Friedkin directed an adaptation of the Gerald Walker crime thriller Cruising, starring Al Pacino, which was protested during production and remains the subject of heated debate. It was a critically assailed financial disappointment.[23]

Friedkin had a heart attack on March 6, 1981, due to a genetic defect in his circumflex left coronary artery, and nearly died. He spent months in rehabilitation.[24] Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, his films received lackluster reviews and moderate ticket sales.[citation needed] These included Deal of the Century in 1983, starring Chevy Chase, Gregory Hines, and Sigourney Weaver.

The action/crime movie To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), starring William Petersen and Willem Dafoe, was a critical favorite and drew comparisons to Friedkin's own The French Connection (particularly for its car chase sequence), while his courtroom drama/thriller Rampage (1987) received a fairly positive review from Roger Ebert.[citation needed] He next directed the horror film The Guardian (1990) and then the thriller Jade (1995), starring Linda Fiorentino. Though the latter received an unfavorable response from critics and audiences, he said it was one of the favorite films he directed.[25]

2000–2023

Friedkin speaking at a podium
Friedkin at the 2012 Deauville American Film Festival

In 2000, The Exorcist was re-released in theaters with extra footage and grossed $40 million in the U.S. alone. Friedkin directed the 2007 film Bug due to a positive experience watching the stage version in 2004. He was surprised to find that he was, metaphorically, on the same page as the playwright and felt that he could relate well to the story.[26] The film won the FIPRESCI prize at the Cannes Film Festival. Later, Friedkin directed an episode of the TV series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation titled "Cockroaches", which re-teamed him with To Live and Die in L.A. star William Petersen.[citation needed] He directed again for CSI's 200th episode, "Mascara".[citation needed]

In 2011, Friedkin directed Killer Joe, a black comedy written by Tracy Letts based on Letts' play, and starring Matthew McConaughey, Emile Hirsch, Juno Temple, Gina Gershon, and Thomas Haden Church. Killer Joe premiered at the 68th Venice International Film Festival, prior to its North American debut at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival. It opened in U.S. theaters in July 2012, to some favorable reviews from critics but did poorly at the box office, possibly because of its restrictive NC-17 rating. In April 2013, Friedkin published a memoir, The Friedkin Connection.[27] He was presented with a lifetime achievement award at the 70th Venice International Film Festival in September.[28] In 2017, Friedkin directed the documentary The Devil and Father Amorth about the ninth exorcism of a woman in the Italian village of Alatri.[29] In August 2022, it was announced officially that Friedkin would be returning to film directing to helm an adaptation of the two-act play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial with Kiefer Sutherland starring as Lt. Commander Queeg.[30] The film will debut in the out-of-competition category at the Venice Film Festival.[citation needed]

Unrealized projects

Year Title and description Ref.
1970s The Bunker Hill Boys, a film for The Directors Company [31]
Untitled sci-fi film with Peter Gabriel [32][33]
The Devil's Triangle, a UFO thriller starring Marlon Brando, Steve McQueen and Charlton Heston [34][35]
A Safe Darkness, a documentary about horror cinema featuring interviews with Fritz Lang and Roman Polanski [36][35]
A 10-hour television adaptation of Thomas Thompson's novel Blood and Money [37][38]
A film adaptation of Ron Hansen's novel Desperadoes written by Walon Green [39]
1980s A film adaptation of Robin Cook's novel Brain [40]
That Championship Season [41]
A film adaptation of William Peter Blatty's novel Legion [42]
A film adaptation of Frank De Felitta's novel Sea Trial [43]
A film adaptation of Don Pendleton's The Executioner series written by Hilary Henkin starring Sylvester Stallone and Cynthia Rothrock [44][45]
The Gambler, a film written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner starring Sylvester Stallone [45]
Desperate Hours [46]
Untitled biographical film about 1950s songwriting duo Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller [47][48]
1990s Elsewhere, a ghost story with William Peter Blatty [49]
The Diary of Jack the Ripper, a biopic about James Maybrick written by Chris DeVore starring Anthony Hopkins [50][51]
A film adaptation of John Flood's novel Bag Men starring Michael Keaton [52]
A remake of the 1996 made-for-television film Truth or Dare written by William Davies [53]
Night Train, a biopic about boxer Sonny Liston written by Shane Salerno and Tyger Williams starring Ving Rhames [54][55][56]
Battle Grease, a film about the account of the Florence Maybrick murder trial [57]
2000s A film adaptation of Larry Collins' novel O Jerusalem! written by James Dearden [58]
Shooter starring Tommy Lee Jones [55]
A film adaptation of Thomas Thompson's novel Serpentine [59][60][61]
A film adaptation of Robert Silverberg's novel The Book of Skulls written by Jeff Davis and Terry Hayes [62][61][63]
The Man Who Kept Secrets, a biopic about Hollywood lawyer Sidney Korshak [64]
A film adaptation of Chris Greenhalgh's novel Coco and Igor starring Mads Mikkelsen and Marina Hands [65][66]
2010s A film adaptation of William Peter Blatty's novel Dimiter [67]
Trapped, an indie thriller set in Europe starring Demián Bichir [68][69]
I Am Wrath starring Nicolas Cage [70]
Mae West starring Bette Midler adapted from West's autobiography Goodness Had Nothing To Do With It [71]
A TV pilot based on his film To Live and Die in L.A. written by Robert Moresco [72][73]
Untitled Killer Joe spinoff TV series [74]

Archive

The moving image collection of William Friedkin is held at the Academy Film Archive. The material at the Academy Film Archive is complemented by material in the William Friedkin papers at the academy's Margaret Herrick Library.[75]

Influences

Friedkin cited Jean-Luc Godard, Federico Fellini, François Truffaut, and Akira Kurosawa as influences.[76] Friedkin named Woody Allen as "the greatest living filmmaker".[77]

In regards to influences to specific films on his films, Friedkin noted that the film's documentary-like realism was the direct result of the influence of having seen Z, a French film by Costa-Gavras. Friedkin mentioned the film's influence on him when directing The French Connection:

After I saw Z, I realized how I could shoot The French Connection. Because he shot Z like a documentary. It was a fiction film but it was made like it was actually happening. Like the camera didn't know what was gonna happen next. And that is an induced technique. It looks like he happened upon the scene and captured what was going on as you do in a documentary. My first films were documentaries too. So I understood what he was doing but I never thought you could do that in a feature at that time until I saw Z.[78]

Personal life and death

Friedkin with wife Sherry Lansing in 2012

William Friedkin was married four times:

While filming The Boys in the Band in 1970, Friedkin began a relationship with Kitty Hawks, daughter of director Howard Hawks. It lasted two years, during which the couple announced their engagement, but the relationship ended about 1972.[87] Friedkin began a four-year relationship with Australian dancer and choreographer Jennifer Nairn-Smith in 1972. Although they announced an engagement twice, they never married. They had a son, Cedric, on November 27, 1976.[88] Friedkin and his second wife, Lesley-Anne Down, also had a son, Jack, born in 1982.[82] Friedkin was raised Jewish, but called himself an agnostic later in life.[89][90]

Friedkin died from heart failure and pneumonia at his home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, on August 7, 2023, at the age of 87.[91][92]

Filmography

Film

Narrative films

Year Title Director Writer Producer
1967 Good Times Yes Uncredited No
1968 The Birthday Party Yes No No
The Night They Raided Minsky's Yes No No
1970 The Boys in the Band Yes No No
1971 The French Connection Yes Uncredited No
1973 The Exorcist Yes No No
1977 Sorcerer Yes Uncredited Yes
1978 The Brink's Job Yes No No
1980 Cruising Yes Yes No
1983 Deal of the Century Yes No No
1985 To Live and Die in L.A. Yes Yes No
1987 Rampage Yes Yes Yes
1990 The Guardian Yes Yes No
1994 Blue Chips Yes No No
1995 Jade Yes Uncredited No
2000 Rules of Engagement Yes No No
2003 The Hunted Yes No No
2006 Bug Yes No No
2011 Killer Joe Yes No No
2023 The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial Yes Yes No

Documentary films

Year Title Director Writer Producer
1962 The People vs. Paul Crump Yes No Yes
1965 The Bold Men Yes No No
Mayhem on a Sunday Afternoon Yes No Yes
1966 The Thin Blue Line Yes Story Yes
1974 Fritz Lang Interviewed by William Friedkin Yes No No
1985 Putting It Together: The Making of the Broadway Album Uncredited No No
2007 The Painter's Voice Yes No No
2017 The Devil and Father Amorth Yes Yes No

Television

TV series

Year Title Episode
1965 The Alfred Hitchcock Hour "Off Season" (S3 E29)
1967 The Pickle Bros. TV pilot (S1 E1)
1985 The Twilight Zone "Nightcrawlers" (S1 E4c)
1992 Tales from the Crypt "On a Deadman's Chest" (S4 E3)
2007 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation "Cockroaches" (S8 E9)
2009 "Mascara" (S9 E18)

TV movies

Year Title Director Writer Executive
producer
1986 C.A.T. Squad Yes No Yes
1988 C.A.T. Squad: Python Wolf Yes Yes Yes
1994 Jailbreakers Yes No No
1997 12 Angry Men Yes No No

Awards

Year Award Category Title Result
1972 Academy Award Best Director The French Connection Won
Directors Guild of America Outstanding Directorial Achievement Won
Golden Globes Best Director Won
1973 BAFTA Award Nominated
1974 Academy Award The Exorcist Nominated
Directors Guild of America Outstanding Directorial Achievement Nominated
Golden Globes Best Director Won
1981 Razzie Awards Worst Director Cruising Nominated
Worst Screenplay Nominated
1986 Cognac Festival du Film Policier Audience Award To Live and Die in L.A. Won
1988 Deauville Film Festival Critics Award Rampage Nominated
1991 Saturn Award George Pal Memorial Award Won
1993 Best Director Rampage Nominated
1998 Directors Guild of America Outstanding Directorial Achievement 12 Angry Men Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Best Director Nominated
1999 Saturn Award President's Award Won
Empire Awards Movie Masterpiece Award The Exorcist Won
2000 Palm Beach International Film Festival Lifetime Achievement Award Won
2006 Cannes Film Festival FIPRESCI Bug Won
2007 Munich Film Festival CineMerit Award Won
Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival Time-Machine Honorary Award Won
2009 Locarno International Film Festival Leopard of Honor Won
2011 Venice Film Festival Golden Lion Killer Joe Nominated
Golden Mouse Won
2013 Belgian Film Critics Association Grand Prix Nominated
Saturn Award Best Director Nominated
Lifetime Achievement Award Won
Venice Film Festival Special Lion Won

Bibliography

  • Friedkin, William. The Friedkin Connection: A Memoir. New York: HarperCollins, 2013. ISBN 978-0-06-177512-3
  • Friedkin, William. Conversations at the American Film Institute With the Great Moviemakers: The Next Generation. George Stevens, Jr., ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012. ISBN 978-0-307-27347-5

References

  1. ^ "The American New Wave: A Retrospective | H-Announce | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  2. ^ "June 1977: When New Hollywood Got Weird". The Film Stage. June 21, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  3. ^ "The Controversy of CRUISING | Cinematheque". cinema.wisc.edu. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  4. ^ Guthmann, Edward (1980). "THE CRUISING CONTROVERSY: William Friedkin vs. the Gay Community". Cinéaste. 10 (3): 2–8. JSTOR 41685938.
  5. ^ a b c d Biskind, p. 200.
  6. ^ Pfefferman, Naomi. "'Killer Joe's' William Friedkin: 'I Could Have Been a Very Violent Person'." Jewish Journal. August 2, 2012. Archived August 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Accessed April 29, 2013.
  7. ^ Friedkin, The Friedkin Connection, p. 1.
  8. ^ a b c Biskind, p. 201.
  9. ^ Segaloff, p. 25.
  10. ^ Wakeman, p. 372.
  11. ^ Friedkin, Conversations at the American Film Institute..., p. 186.
  12. ^ Emery, p. 237; Claggett, p. 3.
  13. ^ Friedkin, The Friedkin Connection, p. 9.
  14. ^ Stevens, p. 184.
  15. ^ a b c Walker and Johnson, p. 15.
  16. ^ Derry, p. 361; Edmonds and Mimura, p. 211.
  17. ^ Hamm, p. 86-87.
  18. ^ Charles Champlin, "Friedkin Damns the Torpedoes", The Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1967. Retrieved via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Vertigo: The Legacy Series" Universal, 2008
  20. ^ The Directors: William Friedkin
  21. ^ a b Lee, Benjamin (August 7, 2023). "William Friedkin, director of The Exorcist and The French Connection, dies at 87". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
  22. ^ Bart, Peter (May 9, 2011). Infamous Players: A Tale of Movies, the Mob, (and Sex). Weinstein Books.
  23. ^ Segaloff, Nat (January 1, 1990). Hurricane Billy: The Stormy Life and Films of William Friedkin. New York: William Morrow & Co. ISBN 9780688078522.
  24. ^ Biskind, p. 413.
  25. ^ William, Linda Ruth (2005). The Erotic Thriller in Contemporary Cinema. Indiana University Press. p. 140. ISBN 0-253-21836-5.
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  29. ^ Friedkin, William (October 31, 2016). "The Devil and Father Amorth: Witnessing "the Vatican Exorcist" at Work". Vanity Fair.
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  32. ^ Pinnock, Tom (October 19, 2012). "Peter Gabriel: "You could feel the horror..."". Uncut. Retrieved July 24, 2023. I had written a short story on [the sleeve of] Genesis Live – one of the stories I used to tell onstage – and William Friedkin, who was the king of Hollywood because of The Exorcist, wanted me to work with him. Not as a musician, but as a screenwriter and ideas man. That was very exciting to me. In the end, unfortunately, nothing happened; it was one of many Hollywood projects that bit the dust.
  33. ^ Easlea, Daryl (November 18, 2020). "Genesis, Peter Gabriel, and the story of The Lamb Lies Down On Broadway". Louder. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
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  38. ^ Maslin, Janet (September 18, 1979). "Friedkin Defends His 'Cruising'". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  40. ^ Suplee, Curt (June 7, 1981). "The Passion of the Producer". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  41. ^ "'Championship Season' To Be Made Into Movie". The New York Times. July 6, 1981. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  42. ^ ""It's The Smiles That Keep Us Going" : "The Exorcist III" at 30". The Spool. August 17, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  43. ^ Hefner, Hugh M., ed. (January 1, 1981). Playboy Magazine, July 1981. Playboy.
  44. ^ "SHOOTING OF STALLONE FILM RESCHEDULED". Chicago Tribune. June 23, 1988. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  45. ^ a b "The cut in execute". Pop Cult Master. September 3, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  46. ^ Broeske, Pat H. (October 7, 1990). "Look Who's Back With a New Movie: 'The Deer Hunter' made Michael Cimino a winner, but his next film was the legendary failure 'Heaven's Gate.' With 'Desperate Hours,' the stakes have never been higher". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  47. ^ Broeske, Pat H. (November 12, 1989). "Upbeat, Downbeat". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  48. ^ Harrington, Richard (December 13, 1989). "ON THE BEAT". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  49. ^ Pond, Steve (August 27, 1993). "SPIRITED REUNION". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  50. ^ Cox, Dan (April 17, 1995). "Hopkins commits to 'Jack the Ripper'". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  51. ^ Sandler, Adam (May 5, 1997). "New Line, Katja named in Ripper suit". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  53. ^ Petrikin, Chris (March 10, 1998). "Friedkin set to tell 'Truth'". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  54. ^ Variety Staff (March 18, 1998). "Rhames: from 'King' to ring". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  55. ^ a b Zoromski, Brian (October 13, 2000). "William Friedkin Reveals Details on His Upcoming Projects in IGN FilmForce's Chat". IGN. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  56. ^ McNary, Dave (May 10, 2004). "Liston bio punched up". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  57. ^ "William Friedkin (II)". The Guardian. October 22, 1998. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  58. ^ Bing, Jonathan (April 11, 2000). "Friedkin, Seven Arts circle Collins' Mideast material". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  62. ^ McNary, Dave (August 3, 2003). "'Skulls' in session for Paramount". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  63. ^ B., Brian (July 27, 2004). "Terry Hayes to pen Book of Skulls". MovieWeb. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  65. ^ Leffler, Rebecca (May 1, 2007). "Friedkin walks runway for Chanel biopic". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  68. ^ Sneider, Jeff (May 2, 2012). "Demian Bichir lines up pair of projects". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  69. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (May 2, 2012). "Demian Bichir Follows Oscar Nom With Roles In 'Machete Kills' & William Friedkin's 'Trapped'". IndieWire. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
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  76. ^ Mike Fleming Jr (August 6, 2015). "William Friedkin Q&A: '70s Maverick Revisits A Golden Era With Tales Of Glory And Reckless Abandon". Deadline. Deadline Hollywood, LLC. Retrieved September 14, 2022. Friedkin: ".... But none of us in the 70s thought we were operating in a golden age; we all had been influenced by Godard, Fellini, Truffaut, Kurosawa."
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  78. ^ "William Friedkin's Favorite Films of all Time". Fade In Magazine. Retrieved January 20, 2022 – via YouTube.
  79. ^ Martin, Judith. "Personalities." Washington Post. February 9, 1977, p. B3.
  80. ^ "Filing for Divorce." Newsweek. June 25, 1979, p. 99.
  81. ^ Sanders, Richard. "Director Billy Friedkin and Lesley-Anne Down Make a Home Movie-Divorce Hollywood Style." People. September 2, 1985. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  82. ^ a b "Names in the News." Associated Press. August 15, 1985.
  83. ^ "Director William Friedkin Marries News Anchor Kelly Lange." Ocala Star-Banner. July 29, 1987, p. 2A. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  84. ^ Ryon, Ruth. "Still Anchored in the Hills." Los Angeles Times. May 31, 1992. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  85. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller. "Chronicle." New York Times. July 11, 1991. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  86. ^ Teetor, Paul. "'The Exorcist' Director William Friedkin Tells All in His No-Bullshit Memoir." Los Angeles Times. April 11, 2013. Accessed April 29, 2013.
  87. ^ Segaloff, p. 98.
  88. ^ "William Friedkin – Biography." Movies.Yahoo.com. 2013, accessed April 29, 2013; "Failing Better Every Time." Sunday Independent. July 1, 2012.
  89. ^ The Exorcist & The French Connection Dir. William Friedkin on Religion, Crime & Film on YouTube
  90. ^ Brent Lang (April 12, 2013). "Director William Friedkin on Clashes With Pacino, Hackman and Why an Atheist Couldn't Helm 'Exorcist'". The Wrap. Retrieved October 4, 2020. My personal beliefs are defined as agnostic. I'm someone who believes that the power of God and the soul are unknowable, but that anybody who says there is no God is not being honest about the mystery of fate. I was raised in the Jewish faith, but I strongly believe in the teachings of Jesus.
  91. ^ Dagan, Carmel (August 7, 2023). "William Friedkin, 'The Exorcist' Director, Dies at 87". Variety. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
  92. ^ Grimes, William (August 7, 2023). "William Friedkin, Director of 'French Connection' and 'Exorcist,' Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2023.

Further reading

  • Biskind, Peter. Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-And Rock 'N Roll Generation Saved Hollywood. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. ISBN 0-684-80996-6
  • Claggett, Thomas D. William Friedkin: Films of Aberration, Obsession, and Reality. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press, 2003. ISBN 0-89950-262-8
  • Derry, Charles, ed. Dark Dreams 2.0: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film From the 1950s to the 21st Century. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-3397-1
  • Edmonds, I. G. and Mimura, Reiko. The Oscar Directors. San Diego: A.S. Barnes, 1980. ISBN 0-498-02444-X
  • Emery, Robert J., ed. The Directors: In Their Own Words. Vol. 2. New York: TV Books, 1999. ISBN 1-57500-129-2
  • Hamm, Theodore. Rebel and a Cause: Caryl Chessman and the Politics of the Death Penalty in Postwar California, 1948–1974. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2001. ISBN 0-520-22427-2
  • Segaloff, Nat. Hurricane Billy: The Stormy Life and Films of William Friedkin. New York: Morrow, 1990. ISBN 0-688-07852-4
  • Stevens, Jr., George, ed. Conversations at the American Film Institute With the Great Moviemakers: The Next Generation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012. ISBN 978-0-307-27347-5
  • Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, 1945–1985. New York: Wilson, 1988. ISBN 0-8242-0757-2
  • Walker, Elsie M. and Johnson, David T., eds. Conversations With Directors: An Anthology of Interviews From 'Literature/Film Quarterly'. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6122-0
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