Jump to content

Marwan al-Shehhi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}


'''Marwan Yusuf Muhammad Rashid Likrab al-Shihhi''' ({{lang-ar|مروان يوسف محمد رشيد لكراب الشحي|translit=Marwān Yūsuf Muḥammad Rashīd Likrāb al-Shiḥḥī}}; 9 May 1978{{Snd}}11 September 2001) was an Emirati [[al-Qaeda]] terrorist who served as the hijacker-pilot of [[United Airlines Flight 175]], crashing the [[Boeing 767]] into the [[List of tenants in Two World Trade Center|South Tower]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] as part of the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. He was one of five [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks|hijackers]] aboard the aircraft and one of two Emiratis to take part in the attacks, with the other being [[Fayaz Bani Hammad]], who helped him hijack the same plane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|title=The 9/11 Commission Report|page=162|access-date=2016-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019203222/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi''' ({{lang-ar|مروان يوسف محمد رشيد لكراب الشحي|translit=Marwān Yūsuf Muḥammad Rashīd Likrāb al-Shiḥḥī}}; 9 May 1978{{Snd}}11 September 2001) was an Emirati [[al-Qaeda]] terrorist who served as the hijacker-pilot of [[United Airlines Flight 175]], crashing the [[Boeing 767]] into the [[List of tenants in Two World Trade Center|South Tower]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] as part of the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. He was one of five [[Hijackers in the September 11 attacks|hijackers]] aboard the aircraft and one of two Emiratis to take part in the attacks, with the other being [[Fayaz Bani Hammad]], who helped him hijack the same plane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|title=The 9/11 Commission Report|page=162|access-date=2016-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019203222/https://9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Al-Shehhi was a student from the [[United Arab Emirates]] who moved to Germany in 1996 and soon became close friends with [[Mohamed Atta]], [[Ziad Jarrah]] and [[Ramzi bin al-Shibh]], forming the [[Hamburg cell]]. Together, after pledging their lives to martyrdom, they became the leaders of the September 11 attacks. In late 1999, al-Shehhi, Atta, Jarrah, and bin al-Shibh traveled to terrorist training camps in [[Afghanistan]] and met with [[Osama bin Laden]] who recruited the four Hamburg cell members for the attacks in the United States. He arrived in the [[United States]] in May 2000, one month before Atta. Atta, Al-Shehhi, and Jarrah had been trained as pilots in [[Florida]] at [[Huffman Aviation]], receiving their [[Commercial Pilot Licence|commercial pilot licenses]] in December 2000 and January 2001 from the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]].
Al-Shehhi was a student from the [[United Arab Emirates]] who moved to Germany in 1996 and soon became close friends with [[Mohamed Atta]], [[Ziad Jarrah]] and [[Ramzi bin al-Shibh]], forming the [[Hamburg cell]]. Together, after pledging their lives to martyrdom, they became the leaders of the September 11 attacks. In late 1999, al-Shehhi, Atta, Jarrah, and bin al-Shibh traveled to terrorist training camps in [[Afghanistan]] and met with [[Osama bin Laden]] who recruited the four Hamburg cell members for the attacks in the United States. He arrived in the [[United States]] in May 2000, one month before Atta. Atta, Al-Shehhi, and Jarrah had been trained as pilots in [[Florida]] at [[Huffman Aviation]], receiving their [[Commercial Pilot Licence|commercial pilot licenses]] in December 2000 and January 2001 from the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]].

Revision as of 10:01, 12 August 2023

Marwan al-Shehhi
مروان الشحي
Born
Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi

(1978-05-09)9 May 1978
Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
Died11 September 2001(2001-09-11) (aged 23)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Cause of deathPlane crash, suicide
NationalityEmirati
Alma materUniversity of Bonn
Technical University of Hamburg
SpouseFawzeya al-Shehhi

Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi (Template:Lang-ar; 9 May 1978 – 11 September 2001) was an Emirati al-Qaeda terrorist who served as the hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 175, crashing the Boeing 767 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001. He was one of five hijackers aboard the aircraft and one of two Emiratis to take part in the attacks, with the other being Fayaz Bani Hammad, who helped him hijack the same plane.[1]

Al-Shehhi was a student from the United Arab Emirates who moved to Germany in 1996 and soon became close friends with Mohamed Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, forming the Hamburg cell. Together, after pledging their lives to martyrdom, they became the leaders of the September 11 attacks. In late 1999, al-Shehhi, Atta, Jarrah, and bin al-Shibh traveled to terrorist training camps in Afghanistan and met with Osama bin Laden who recruited the four Hamburg cell members for the attacks in the United States. He arrived in the United States in May 2000, one month before Atta. Atta, Al-Shehhi, and Jarrah had been trained as pilots in Florida at Huffman Aviation, receiving their commercial pilot licenses in December 2000 and January 2001 from the FAA.

Al-Shehhi spent his time making preparations for the attack itself, such as meeting with crucial planners abroad, assisting with the arrival of hijackers aboard the other flights, and travelling on surveillance flights determining details on how the hijacking would take place. On September 9, 2001, he traveled from Florida to Boston, where he stayed at the Milner Hotel until September 11. After boarding United Airlines Flight 175 at Logan International Airport, al-Shehhi and 4 other hijackers waited 30 minutes into the flight to make their attack, which then allowed al-Shehhi to take over control as pilot, and at 9:03 a.m., 17 minutes after Mohamed Atta crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower, al-Shehhi crashed the Boeing 767 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center from floors 77 to 85.[2] At 23 years of age, he was the youngest hijacker-pilot to participate in the attacks. The impact of the Boeing 767 into the South Tower was seen live on television as it happened. At 9:59 a.m., after 56 minutes of burning, the 110-story skyscraper collapsed, killing hundreds of people, including around 900 office workers and first responders.

Early life

Al-Shehhi was born in Ras al-Khaimah, on May 9, 1978, in the United Arab Emirates, to an Emirati Muslim cleric who died in 1997 and an Egyptian mother. Described as a quiet and devout Muslim, details about al-Shehhi's life in the UAE, however, are difficult to acquire. According to an October 2001 article in The New York Times, "If residents of Mr. Shehhi's hometown had heard of him before now, they were certainly not telling strangers. Four hours spent in the community yielded no address and no one -- policemen, firemen, pedestrians or local officials -- who did anything more than shrug at the mention of his name."[3]

After graduating from high school in 1995, al-Shehhi enlisted in the Emirati military and received a half a year of basic training before he was admitted into a military scholarship program that allowed him to continue his education in Germany. Upon arriving in Germany in April 1996, al-Shehhi moved into an apartment, which he shared with three other scholarship students for two months before boarding with a local German family. Several months later, he moved into his own apartment. Those who knew him described al-Shehhi as a very religious and friendly individual who wore western clothes and sometimes rented cars for trips to Berlin, France, and the Netherlands. [citation needed]

His teacher in Germany, Gabriele Bock, recalls him as someone who seemed to be struggling to have plans for the future while studying there.[4]

While in Germany, al-Shehhi enrolled in the University of Bonn after completing a German course. He left Germany in June 1997 to attend to problems at home although the university forbade him. In early 1998, al-Shehhi transferred to the Technical University of Hamburg. A poor student, al-Shehhi was directed by the Scholarship program administrators to repeat a semester of his studies back in Bonn beginning in August 1998. Al-Shehhi did not enroll back at Bonn until January 1999 and continued to struggle with his studies. By July 1999, Marwan returned to Hamburg to study shipbuilding.[5]

It has been reported al-Shehhi also married in 1999, holding a belated celebration in January 2000, in an arranged marriage by his half-brother with a young woman named Fawzeya. [6][7]

Radicalization

After moving to Hamburg in 1998, al-Shehhi helped form the Hamburg cell with Mohamed Atta and Ramzi bin al-Shibh. There, his views became more and more radical. They met three or four times a week to discuss anti-American feelings and plot possible attacks. When someone asked why he and Atta never laughed, al-Shehhi retorted, "How can you laugh when people are dying in Palestine?"[8]

On 9 October 1999, Marwan al-Shehhi was filmed at Said Bahaji's wedding in Germany with other 9/11 hijackers including Ziad Jarrah.[9][10]

In late 1999, al-Shehhi, Atta, Ziad Jarrah, Said Bahaji, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh decided to travel to Chechnya to fight against the Russians, but were convinced by Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Slahi at the last minute to change their plans. They instead traveled to Afghanistan to meet with Osama bin Laden and trained for terrorist attacks. Immediately afterwards, Atta, al-Shehhi, and Jarrah reported their passports stolen, possibly to erase travel visas to Afghanistan. After their training, the hijackers began to attempt to hide their radicalism. al-Shehhi shaved his beard and seemed to his old friends like he had become less religious. After the attacks, a librarian in Hamburg reported that al-Shehhi boasted to her "There will be thousands of dead. You will think of me ... You will see, in America something is going to happen. There will be many people killed."[11][12][13]

Al-Shehhi returned to Germany in March 2000, and began to learn to fly airplanes. Ammar al-Baluchi, one of the most important 9/11 financial organizers, bought a Boeing 747 flight simulator program using al-Shehhi's credit card. Eventually they decided that German flight schools would not work for them, and they decided to train in the United States. [citation needed]

In the United States

Flight education and preparation

Shehhi's flight record from Huffman

Al-Shehhi was the first of the Hamburg group to leave for the United States. He arrived in Newark, New Jersey on 29 May 2000. Atta and Jarrah joined him the next month, and the three men began to search for flight schools. Al-Shehhi and Jarrah posed as body guards of Atta, who were also posing as a "Saudi Arabian royal family member" while the three of them took flying lessons in Venice, Florida. They logged hundreds of hours on a Boeing 727 flight simulator. They received their licenses by December 2000. Their expenses were paid for by Ali Abdul Aziz Ali. On either 26 or 27 December, Atta, Jarrah, and al-Shehhi abandoned a Piper Cherokee that had stalled on the runway of Miami International Airport. On 31 December, Atta, Jarrah and Marwan went to the Opa-Locka Airport and practiced on a Boeing 727 simulator. Al-Shehhi began to take "surveillance flights" in the summer of 2001, watching the operations of flight crews and making final preparations. [14][15]

Travels in early 2001

Ziad Jarrah, Atta, and al-Shehhi, having progressed in their training, all took foreign trips during the holiday period of 2000-2001. When Atta returned to Florida, al-Shehhi left for Morocco, traveling to Casablanca in mid-January 2001. al-Shehhi's family, concerned about not having heard from him, reported him missing to the UAE government. The UAE embassy in turn contacted the Hamburg police and a UAE representative tried to find him in Germany, visiting mosques and al-Shehhi's last address in Hamburg. After learning that his family was looking for him, al-Shehhi telephoned them on 20 January and said he was living and studying in Hamburg. The UAE government then told the Hamburg police they could call off the search.

Atta and al-Shehhi both encountered some difficulty reentering the United States, on 10 January and 19 January, respectively. As neither had presented a student visa, both of them had to persuade INS inspectors that they should be admitted so that they could continue their flight training. Neither operative had any problem clearing customs. After returning to Florida from their trips, Atta and al-Shehhi visited Georgia, staying briefly in Norcross and Decatur, and renting a single-engine plane to fly with an instructor in Lawrenceville. By 19 February, Atta and al-Shehhi were in Virginia. They had rented a mailbox in Virginia Beach, cashed a check, and then promptly returned to Georgia, staying in Stone Mountain. In mid-March, Ziad Jarrah was in Georgia as well, staying in Decatur. At the end of the month, Jarrah left the United States again and visited Sengün in Germany for two weeks. In early April, Atta and al-Shehhi returned to Virginia Beach and closed the mailbox they had opened in February.

Atta and al-Shehhi returned to Virginia Beach from their travels in Georgia, making their way to a large Dar Al-Hijrah mosque, sometime in early April. They were joined there by 9/11 hijackers Nawaf al-Hazmi and Hani Hanjour who had moved out of San Diego and Arizona after living in or visiting Abdussattar Shaikh's house, where Khalid al-Mihdhar also stayed. In January, the mosque had recently hired the same imam Anwar al-Awlaki with whom Hazmi had spent time at the Rabat mosque in San Diego. He remembered Hazmi from San Diego but denied having contact with Hazmi or Hanjour in Virginia. Atta and al-Shehhi returned to Florida and moved into an apartment in Coral Springs. Atta stayed in Florida, awaiting the arrival of the first hijackers. Al-Shehhi, on the other hand, bought a ticket to Cairo and flew there from Miami on 18 April. Al-Shehhi met with Atta's father, who stated in a post-9/11 interview that al-Shehhi wanted to pick up Atta's international driver's license and some money.

Al-Shehhi returned to Miami on 2 May. That day, Atta and Jarrah were together, about 30 miles to the north, visiting a Department of Motor Vehicles office in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida, to get Florida driver's licenses. In mid-July 2001, some of the hijackers and members of the Hamburg cell gathered near Salou, Spain, for a period of a few days up to a couple of weeks. Since hotel records are sparse during some of that time, it is thought that they may have spent considerable time in and around safe houses related to the al-Qaeda leader in Spain, Imad Yarkas. After 9/11, Spanish investigators followed the trails backwards, and the events they uncovered were chronicled in the Spanish nationwide newspaper El País. Witnesses told Spanish investigators they saw a man who resembled al-Shehhi on 17 July 2001 at the Universal Studios Port Aventura theme park next to Salou, Spain. The visitor, who was accompanied by two men, inquired about rides at the customer service counter. Witnesses indicated these companions resembled Ziad Jarrah, the later pilot on United Airlines Flight 93, and Said Bahaji, a then 26-year-old German-Moroccan member of the al-Qaeda cell in Hamburg. Back in Germany, it had been Bahaji's 1999 wedding during which al-Shehhi was filmed. Other witnesses elsewhere had pointed out Bahaji from photos, as one of the men they saw in Spain. But Bahaji bore a resemblance in appearance to Atta, who was traced to the same areas in Spain via hotel and travel records.

August 2001

On August 23, the Israeli Mossad reportedly gave al-Shehhi's name to the CIA as part of a list of 19 names they said were planning an attack in the near future. Only four of the names are known for certain, including al-Shehhi; Nawaf al-Hazmi, Mohamed Atta, and Khalid al-Mihdhar.[16][17]

Shehhi's motel registration

On August 26, Marwan signed into the Panther Motel in Deerfield Beach, Florida, paying US$500, saying he wanted to stay until 2 September, and listing a Mailboxes Etc. as his permanent address. His register entry indicated that he was driving a blue Chevrolet Malibu, assumed to be the one rented by Atta two weeks prior, and manager Richard Surma said that he bent rules to allow Marwan to have another man as an overnight guest. On 28 August, Marwan went to the Miami International Airport, accompanied by an unknown man, where he purchased his ticket for Flight 175.[18] On September 9, the motel manager, cleaning the room that al-Shehhi had vacated, found a bag containing a German/English dictionary, a protractor, flight manuals and local airport listings. Another employee later reported finding a box cutter. [citation needed]

According to librarian Kathleen Hensmen, Wail al-Shehri and Waleed al-Shehri used Internet access at Delray Beach Public Library in August 2001, where they may have been looking at information on crop dusting. They reportedly left the library with a third middle-eastern man, thought to be Marwan al-Shehhi, whom Hensmen claimed asked her for the name of a local restaurant. Staff at Shuckum's Oyster Pub and Seafood Grill in Hollywood, Florida claimed they recognized both Atta and Marwan as two of the people who had been at the restaurant on either 7 or 8 September. While there are varying stories about Atta's activities, all sources indicate that al-Shehhi drank rum and coke while talking to the others. On 9 September, they flew to Boston. The next day, al-Shehhi and three of the other hijackers, Fayez Banihammad, Mohand al-Shehri, and Satam al-Suqami, shared a room at the Milner Hotel in Boston. [citation needed]

September 11 attacks and death

Main article: United Airlines Flight 175

At 5:01 AM on the morning of September 11 Al-Shehhi in Boston received a phone call from Flight 93 hijacker pilot Ziad Jarrah in Newark. The five minute long call would be the last time Jarrah and Al-Shehhi spoke and is believed by authorities to be the two confirming to one another that the attacks were ready to begin.[19]

After arriving at Logan International Airport later that morning, al-Shehhi made a call to Mohamed Atta lasting from 6:52 to 6:55, who was elsewhere in the same airport as both American 11 and United 175 were to fly from Logan to Los Angeles International Airport. The call is believed to have served the same purpose as Al-Shehhi's earlier call to Jarrah.[20]: 19 

Between 7:23 and 7:28, the five hijackers each boarded the plane, with Al-Shehhi taking his seat in 6C.[20]: 21  The plane became airborne at 8:14, only to be hijacked 28 minutes after takeoff. The terrorists gained access to the cockpit through unknown means[20]: 23  and murdered both pilots, allowing Al-Shehhi to assume control of the flight.[20]: 25  Shortly after the hijacking, the plane came close to colliding with another aircraft in the vicinity, Delta Airlines Flight 2315.[21] Approaching New York City, Al-Shehhi saw smoke and fire pouring southeast from the World Trade Center's North Tower after it was struck by Flight 11 at 8:46 a.m.,[22] and narrowly avoided a second mid-air collision with Midwest Express Flight 7[23] as he descended northeast toward the South Tower of the World Trade Center.

Flying at speeds of over 500 mph (430 kn; 220 m/s; 800 km/h)[a] while carrying approximately 9,100 gallons[26]: 88  (approximately 34,447 liters) of jet fuel, Al-Shehhi crashed the plane into the South Tower at 9:03 a.m.[b] between floors 77 and 85, instantly killing himself and everyone else aboard the flight in addition to many more inside the South Tower. More than 600 people were on the wrong side of the impact zone when the plane struck, half of whom were killed instantaneously. Thus, the estimated 300 people still alive following the impact were left stranded in the upper floors of the catastrophically damaged skyscraper, now set ablaze and rapidly filling with smoke.[31] Because all eyes were on the Twin Towers following the crash of Flight 11 seventeen minutes earlier, the impact of Flight 175 and the explosion that followed was seen by millions of people worldwide on live television, being filmed and photographed from numerous vantage points.[32] Although the angle at which Al-Shehhi crashed did not sever all means of escape from the impact zone, most of the people who survived the crash were unable to use the single intact stairwell before the tower fell less than an hour later.[33]

Al-Shehhi flew the plane faster and lower into the tower than Atta did, into the eastern half of the South Tower's southern facade close to the southeast corner, causing the tower's structural integrity to be compromised far more severely than the North Tower's.[34] Just before 9:59 that morning,[26]: 80 [35]: 322  the South Tower became the first tower to collapse, having stood for 55 minutes[c] after the plane crash.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Sources disagree on the exact speed of impact. NTSB study in 2002 concluded around 515 mph (448 kn; 230 m/s; 829 km/h),[24] whereas MIT study concluded 503 mph (437 kn; 225 m/s; 810 km/h).[25]
  2. ^ The exact time is disputed. The 9/11 Commission report says 9:03:11,[27][28] NIST reports 9:02:59,[29] some other sources report 9:03:02.[30]
  3. ^ NIST and the 9/11 Commission both give the time as 9:58:59 a.m., which is subsequently rounded to 9:59 for simplicity. If the Commission's claim that the South Tower was struck at 9:03:11 is to be believed, then it collapsed after 55 minutes and 48 seconds, not 56 minutes.

References

  1. ^ "The 9/11 Commission Report" (PDF). p. 162. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
  2. ^ "Flight Path Study - United Airlines Flight 175" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-10-23. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  3. ^ "Manasseh, "Who Did More Evil than All . . . Who Were Before Him"", Portrait of the Kings, Augsburg Fortress Publishers, pp. 187–224, 2015, doi:10.2307/j.ctt9m0txn.10, ISBN 9781451469585
  4. ^ Gebauer, Matthias (6 October 2001). "Vita des Attentäters Marwan al-Shehhi: Auffällig war nur seine Unauffälligkeit". Der Spiegel.
  5. ^ The 9/11 Commission Report Archived 2016-10-19 at the Wayback Machine p. 179
  6. ^ Kessler, Glenn (2021-12-07). "Trump's false claim that the 9/11 hijackers' wives 'knew exactly what was going to happen'". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  7. ^ "Portraits Start to Emerge of Terrorism Suspects". 23 September 2001.
  8. ^ "Page 179". www.faqs.org. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  9. ^ "Wedding video shows Sept. 11 hijackers, plotters" Archived 2009-09-13 at the Wayback Machine, usatoday.com, 5 May 2003.
  10. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Still at Large Ten Years After 9/11: Said Bahaji, Mohammed Atta's Right Hand Man". Refworld.
  11. ^ "The Complete 9/11 Timeline: Cooperative Research". Cooperative Research. April–May 2000: Hijacker Tells Librarian About Major Attack in US. Archived from the original on October 1, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ^ Butler, Desmond. "Germans Issue First Indictment in the 9/11 Plot" Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, nytimes.com, 29 August 2002.
  13. ^ Bernstein, Richard. "On Path to the U.S. Skies, Plot Leader Met bin Laden" Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, nytimes.com, 10 September 2002.
  14. ^ "Statement of Robert S. Mueller: Joint Investigation Into September 11: (published September 26, 2002)". irp.fas.org. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  15. ^ "How 'shy foreigners' learned to pilot flying-bomb Boeings". the Guardian. 2001-09-14. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  16. ^ "Context of 'August 23, 2001: Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List of Terrorist Living in US; at Least Four 9/11 Hijackers Named'". History Commons. August 23, 2001: Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List of Terrorist Living in US; at Least Four 9/11 Hijackers Named. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ^ "Report details US 'intelligence failures'" Archived 2009-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, bbc.co.uk, 2 October 2002.
  18. ^ "Statement for the Record, FBI Director Robert S. Mueller III, Joint Intelligence Committee Inquiry" Archived 2012-01-03 at the Wayback Machine, FAS.org, September 26, 2002.
  19. ^ McMillan, Tom (2014). Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442232853. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2023.: 64 
  20. ^ a b c d 9/11 Final Report of the National Commission (2004). "We have some planes" (PDF).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "Report: hijacked plane nearly hit flight from Bradley". SouthCoastToday.com. September 12, 2002. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  22. ^ McMillan, Tom (2014). Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 73. ISBN 978-1442232853. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
  23. ^ Spencer, Lynn (2008). Touching History: The Untold Story of the Drama That Unfolded in the Skies Over America on 9/11. Simon and Schuster. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-1416559252.
  24. ^ NTSB 2002b.
  25. ^ Kausel, Eduardo. "Speed of Aircraft" (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  26. ^ a b National Institute of Standards and Technology (2005). Final Reports from the NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation (PDF).
  27. ^ Final Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (PDF) (Report). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. July 22, 2004. pp. 7–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  28. ^ Staff Report of the 9/11 Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (PDF) (Report). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. September 2005 [August 26, 2004]. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  29. ^ Building and Fire Research Laboratory (September 2005). Visual Evidence, Damage Estimates, and Timeline Analysis (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology (Report). United States Department of Commerce. p. 27. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  30. ^ "Timeline for United Airlines Flight 175". NPR. June 17, 2004. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  31. ^ "102 MINUTES: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die". The New York Times. May 26, 2002. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  32. ^ Boxer, Sarah (September 11, 2002). "One Camera, Then Thousands, Indelibly Etching a Day of Loss". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
  33. ^ "TWO YEARS LATER: THE 91ST FLOOR; The Line Between Life and Death, Still Indelible". The New York Times. September 10, 2003. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
  34. ^ "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE TRADE CENTER CRASHES; First Tower to Fall Was Hit At Higher Speed, Study Finds". The New York Times. February 23, 2002. Retrieved January 18, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ 9/11 Final Report of the National Commission (2004). Collapse of WTC2 (PDF).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marwan al-Shehhi.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marwan_al-Shehhi&oldid=1169951343"